PY5020 Nanoscience Scanning probe microscopy
|
|
- Cora Eileen Bell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PY500 Nanoscience Scanning probe microscopy
2 Outline Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) - Quantum tunnelling - STM tool - Main modes of STM
3 Contact probes V bias Use the point probes to measure the local I-V curves at different locations on the surface.
4 Schematic of a tunnelling gap with a square barrier Φ is the work function; ~ 5 ev for metals E f is the Fermi energy
5 Schrödinger equation can be solved for each area square barrier U(z) 0 U(z) V U(z) 0 0 d Ψ U(z) Ψ EΨ m dz Schrödinger equation: Solutions for different areas: ikz ikz Ψ e Ae Ψ Be Ce Ψ De 1 3 me m( V E) me k 0 k z z ik(z-d )
6 Probability current density through the barrier Transmitted current: Incident current: Transition Probability:
7 Potential is complicated by potential wells at atom locations
8 Similar approach is applied as in the square barrier problem Search for wave functions satisfying: Probability of finding an electron at a distance z into the barrier:
9 Apply positive bias ΔV to the substrate to make current flow eδv I E F E Ψ ev n (0) d Local density of states (LDOS) is defined as: 1 E N electrons / unit ( z, E) Ψ (z) E n energy interval At a distance z at energy E e n volume
10 I is linear with voltage for small ΔV Since = Current I through the tunnel barrier: Comparing these equations: Or in simple form
11 Scanning electron microscope We can raster x and y while measure z, i.e. have a 3D microscope
12 Topography scan
13 Controling the tunnelling gap A
14 Ultra high vacuum
15 STM images 7x7 reconstraction on Si(111) Takayanagi K et. al. Surf. Sci V P HOPG honey comb structure Courtesy of Alexander Chaika
16 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) I f 4 e (E) tip (E) substrate (E) f ( E ) f ( E ev ) ( E ) ( E ev ) T(, V ) d F is the Fermi-Dirac distribution function F is the local density of states of tip (LDOS) is the LDOS of substrate tip F substrate F T(, V ) is the e transmission probability at energy ε and applied voltage V
17 Fermi-Dirac distribution function T=5 K T=1000 K T=5000 K E-E f Varies between 1 and 0. Tells probability of occupation of a certain election state as a function of energy with respect to a Fermi level.
18 Assumptions of STS 0 ) ( ) ( 4 ev F substrate F tip d ev E T E e d V T ev E E ev E f E f e I F substrate F tip F F ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 4 ) ( ev E const V I F substrate V At room temperature kt = 5 mev For V>~kT/e, f(e) can be well approximated by a step function LDOS of tip does not change significantly with E
19 Current Imaging Tunnelling Spectroscopy (CITS) Acquire a topography image and measure I-V curve at each point
20 Apparent tunnel barrier height
21 What is the force on lead atom on the tip F kz
22 Cantilever can be used to measure fine deflections STM Tip F
23
24 The force on the tip atom Atoms interact via the close and long range forces that are electrostatic in nature Lead atom of the tip interacts with the lead atom on the substrate (atomic interactions short range atomic bond). Groups of atoms on the tip and substrate interact collectively via the WanderVaals forces (long range of the order of nm) What spring constant of a cantilever should be? F kz k is the spring constant ~ H z m 10 kg k m 1N / m
25 Tip-sample forces Surface ~ 0.5 nm Set point d
26 The method of choice today A B C D Normal force A+B = Up C+D=Down Measure the difference Magnitude of voltage tells by how much the tip moved Polarity of the voltage gives Up or Down Lateral force A+C=Left B+D=Right Adv. Mater. (009) 1,
27 Photodiode How to maintain constant height Ref. Voltage (set point)
28 The Lennard-Jones potential - Captions dispersion and Pauli repulsive interactions - U* is depth of potential; at r = σ U(r) goes to zero 6 1 * * * 4 ) ( r r r r U r U σ σ
29 Electrostatic interatomic and intermolecular forces - Ion-ion U ( r) Q1Q 4 r 0 Charge-dipole Dipole-dipole U ( r) p 1 p Qp cos( ) U ( r) 4 r 0 cos( 1)cos( ) sin( 1)sin( )cos( ) 3 4 r 0 Angle averaged dipole-dipole (Keesom) U ( r) p1 p 3(4 ) k 0 B Tr 6 Angle averaged dipole induced Polarisation (Debye) U ( r) p1 0 p (4 ) r Dispersion interatomic Intermolecular interaction (London) U ( r) 3 ( ) r 6 I1I I I 1
30 Van der Waals forces Van der Waals is a sum of forces which interaction potential varies as 1/r 6 : Orientation or Keesom force: thermally angle averaged dipole-dipole interaction between two atoms or molecules Debye force: thermally angle averaged dipole-induced dipole interaction London or Dispersion force: dispersion force between acting between molecules and atoms irrespective of their polarisation U ( r) U ( r) U ( r) U ( r) Keesom Debue London p p (40) kbtr ( 40) r p p 3 ( ) r 6 I1I I I 1 C 6 r
31 From interaction to tip-sample interaction simple theory
32 From interaction to tip-sample interaction simple theory
33 Surface surface interactions
34 Derjaguin approximation By measuring the lift off force of tip from the substrate it is possible to correlate the tip sample force to the values of surface energy. From the previous slides: F( d) W W planesphere d plane plane ( d) C R 6d C 1d tip By comparing these equation, the Derjaguin approximation: F( d) sphere plane RtipW ( d) plane plane
35 From F-z to F-d curves
36 Cantilever can be used to measure fine deflections l F b h I bh 1 3
37 Cantilever equilibrium position δ δ
38 F-d to F-z conversion δ =
39 Chemically resolved AFM
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Scanning Direction References: Classical Tunneling Quantum Mechanics Tunneling current Tunneling current I t I t (V/d)exp(-Aφ 1/2 d) A = 1.025 (ev) -1/2 Å -1 I t = 10 pa~10na
More informationSTM spectroscopy (STS)
STM spectroscopy (STS) di dv 4 e ( E ev, r) ( E ) M S F T F Basic concepts of STS. With the feedback circuit open the variation of the tunneling current due to the application of a small oscillating voltage
More informationSTM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope
STM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope Basic idea STM working principle Schematic representation of the sample-tip tunnel barrier Assume tip and sample described by two infinite plate electrodes Φ t +Φ s =
More informationLecture 3: Electron statistics in a solid
Lecture 3: Electron statistics in a solid Contents Density of states. DOS in a 3D uniform solid.................... 3.2 DOS for a 2D solid........................ 4.3 DOS for a D solid........................
More informationScanning Probe Microscopy. Amanda MacMillan, Emmy Gebremichael, & John Shamblin Chem 243: Instrumental Analysis Dr. Robert Corn March 10, 2010
Scanning Probe Microscopy Amanda MacMillan, Emmy Gebremichael, & John Shamblin Chem 243: Instrumental Analysis Dr. Robert Corn March 10, 2010 Scanning Probe Microscopy High-Resolution Surface Analysis
More informationLecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments
3.051J/20.340J 1 Lecture 12: Biomaterials Characterization in Aqueous Environments High vacuum techniques are important tools for characterizing surface composition, but do not yield information on surface
More information2) Atom manipulation. Xe / Ni(110) Model: Experiment:
2) Atom manipulation D. Eigler & E. Schweizer, Nature 344, 524 (1990) Xe / Ni(110) Model: Experiment: G.Meyer, et al. Applied Physics A 68, 125 (1999) First the tip is approached close to the adsorbate
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy 0 Scanning Tunneling Microscope 1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope 2 Scanning Tunneling Microscope 3 Typical STM talk or paper... The differential conductance di/dv
More informationMaterial Properties & Characterization - Surfaces
1) XPS Spectrum analysis: The figure below shows an XPS spectrum measured on the surface of a clean insoluble homo-polyether. Using the formulas and tables in this document, answer the following questions:
More informationAtomic and molecular interactions. Scanning probe microscopy.
Atomic and molecular interactions. Scanning probe microscopy. Balázs Kiss Nanobiotechnology and Single Molecule Research Group, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology 27. November 2013. 2 Atomic
More informationScanning probe microscopy of graphene with a CO terminated tip
Scanning probe microscopy of graphene with a CO terminated tip Andrea Donarini T. Hofmann, A. J. Weymouth, F. Gießibl 7.5.2014 - Theory Group Seminar The sample Single monolayer of graphene Epitaxial growth
More informationEcole Franco-Roumaine : Magnétisme des systèmes nanoscopiques et structures hybrides - Brasov, Modern Analytical Microscopic Tools
1. Introduction Solid Surfaces Analysis Group, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany 2. Limitations of Conventional Optical Microscopy 3. Electron Microscopies Transmission Electron
More informationScanning Force Microscopy
Scanning Force Microscopy Roland Bennewitz Rutherford Physics Building 405 Phone 398-3058 roland.bennewitz@mcgill.ca Scanning Probe is moved along scan lines over a sample surface 1 Force Microscopy Data
More informationImaging Methods: Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM / AFM)
Imaging Methods: Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM / AFM) The atomic force microscope (AFM) probes the surface of a sample with a sharp tip, a couple of microns long and often less than 100 Å in diameter.
More informationBasic Laboratory. Materials Science and Engineering. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Basic Laboratory Materials Science and Engineering Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) M108 Stand: 20.10.2015 Aim: Presentation of an application of the AFM for studying surface morphology. Inhalt 1.Introduction...
More informationFinal Exam: Tuesday, May 8, 2012 Starting at 8:30 a.m., Hoyt Hall.
Final Exam: Tuesday, May 8, 2012 Starting at 8:30 a.m., Hoyt Hall. Chapter 38 Quantum Mechanics Units of Chapter 38 38-1 Quantum Mechanics A New Theory 37-2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the
More informationCE 530 Molecular Simulation
1 CE 530 Molecular Simulation Lecture 14 Molecular Models David A. Kofke Department of Chemical Engineering SUNY Buffalo kofke@eng.buffalo.edu 2 Review Monte Carlo ensemble averaging, no dynamics easy
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy. how does STM work? the quantum mechanical picture example of images how can we understand what we see?
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy how does STM work? the quantum mechanical picture example of images how can we understand what we see? Observation of adatom diffusion with a field ion microscope Scanning
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy References: 1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57 (1982); and ibid 50, 120 (1983). 2. J. Chen, Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,
More informationSensors of Structure. debroglie. Wave-Particle duality. Bragg reflection. Electron Diffraction. Heisenberg Uncertantity Principle
Sensors of Structure Matter Waves and the debroglie wavelength Heisenberg uncertainty principle Electron diffraction Transmission electron microscopy Atomic-resolution sensors debroglie Postulated that
More informationQuantum Physics Lecture 9
Quantum Physics Lecture 9 Potential barriers and tunnelling Examples E < U o Scanning Tunelling Microscope E > U o Ramsauer-Townsend Effect Angular Momentum - Orbital - Spin Pauli exclusion principle potential
More informationScanning Probe Microscopies (SPM)
Scanning Probe Microscopies (SPM) Nanoscale resolution af objects at solid surfaces can be reached with scanning probe microscopes. They allow to record an image of the surface atomic arrangement in direct
More informationEXPLORING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY WITH MATHEMATICA
EXPLORING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY WITH MATHEMATICA Dror Sarid University of Arizona A WILEY-1NTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto CONTENTS
More informationGeneral concept and defining characteristics of AFM. Dina Kudasheva Advisor: Prof. Mary K. Cowman
General concept and defining characteristics of AFM Dina Kudasheva Advisor: Prof. Mary K. Cowman Overview Introduction History of the SPM invention Technical Capabilities Principles of operation Examples
More informationSpectroscopy at nanometer scale
Spectroscopy at nanometer scale 1. Physics of the spectroscopies 2. Spectroscopies for the bulk materials 3. Experimental setups for the spectroscopies 4. Physics and Chemistry of nanomaterials Various
More informationMicroscopie a stilo: principi ed esempi di applicazione
Microscopie a stilo: principi ed esempi di applicazione Adele Sassella Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca adele.sassella@unimib.it Pavia, 22 aprile 2009 SCANNING
More informationExperimental methods in physics. Local probe microscopies I
Experimental methods in physics Local probe microscopies I Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) Jean-Marc Bonard Academic year 09-10 1. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 1.1. Introduction Image of surface
More informationModule 40: Tunneling Lecture 40: Step potentials
Module 40: Tunneling Lecture 40: Step potentials V E I II III 0 x a Figure 40.1: A particle of energy E is incident on a step potential of hight V > E as shown in Figure 40.1. The step potential extends
More informationLecture 4 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
Lecture 4 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) General components of SPM; Tip --- the probe; Cantilever --- the indicator of the tip; Tip-sample interaction --- the feedback system; Scanner --- piezoelectric
More informationModule 26: Atomic Force Microscopy. Lecture 40: Atomic Force Microscopy 3: Additional Modes of AFM
Module 26: Atomic Force Microscopy Lecture 40: Atomic Force Microscopy 3: Additional Modes of AFM 1 The AFM apart from generating the information about the topography of the sample features can be used
More informationLecture: P1_Wk1_L1 IntraMolecular Interactions. Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University 2012
Lecture: IntraMolecular Interactions Distinguish between IntraMolecular (within a molecule) and InterMolecular (between molecules) Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University 2012 1
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy References: 1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57 (1982); and ibid 50, 120 (1983). 2. J. Chen, Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,
More informationCH676 Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications. CH676 Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications
CH676 Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications History of Nanotechnology: Time Line Democritus in ancient Greece: concept of atom 1900 : Rutherford : discovery of atomic nucleus The first TEM was
More informationCHARACTERIZATION of NANOMATERIALS KHP
CHARACTERIZATION of NANOMATERIALS Overview of the most common nanocharacterization techniques MAIN CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES: 1.Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 2. Scanning Electron Microscope
More informationIntroduction to Scanning Probe Microscopy Zhe Fei
Introduction to Scanning Probe Microscopy Zhe Fei Phys 590B, Apr. 2019 1 Outline Part 1 SPM Overview Part 2 Scanning tunneling microscopy Part 3 Atomic force microscopy Part 4 Electric & Magnetic force
More informationMagnetic ordering in two-dimensional. nanoparticle assemblies
Magnetic ordering in two-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies Pedro Zeijlmans van Emmichoven Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Leiden, June 18 th, 2007 Collaborators Mirela Georgescu Mark Klokkenburg
More informationtip of a current tip and the sample. Components: 3. Coarse sample-to-tip isolation system, and
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE Brief history: Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd K. Binnig, scientists at IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, are awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in physicss for their work
More information= 6 (1/ nm) So what is probability of finding electron tunneled into a barrier 3 ev high?
STM STM With a scanning tunneling microscope, images of surfaces with atomic resolution can be readily obtained. An STM uses quantum tunneling of electrons to map the density of electrons on the surface
More informationInstrumentation and Operation
Instrumentation and Operation 1 STM Instrumentation COMPONENTS sharp metal tip scanning system and control electronics feedback electronics (keeps tunneling current constant) image processing system data
More informationProgram Operacyjny Kapitał Ludzki SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES - INTRODUCTION
Program Operacyjny Kapitał Ludzki SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES - INTRODUCTION Peter Liljeroth Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science peter.liljeroth@aalto.fi Projekt współfinansowany
More informationProbing Molecular Electronics with Scanning Probe Microscopy
Probing Molecular Electronics with Scanning Probe Microscopy Mark C. Hersam Assistant Professor Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3108 Ph: 847-491-2696,
More informationCharacterization Tools
Lectures in Nanoscience & Technology Characterization Tools K. Sakkaravarthi Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620 015 Tamil Nadu India sakkaravarthi@nitt.edu ksakkaravarthi.weebly.com
More informationIMAGING TECHNIQUES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SCANNING TUNNELING AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPES
1 IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS SCANNING TUNNELING AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPES 2 WHY THIS TOPIC? STM and AFM images are ubiquitous in condensed matter physics. It is important to understand
More informationGraphene. Tianyu Ye November 30th, 2011
Graphene Tianyu Ye November 30th, 2011 Outline What is graphene? How to make graphene? (Exfoliation, Epitaxial, CVD) Is it graphene? (Identification methods) Transport properties; Other properties; Applications;
More informationPoint mass approximation. Rigid beam mechanics. spring constant k N effective mass m e. Simple Harmonic Motion.. m e z = - k N z
Free end Rigid beam mechanics Fixed end think of cantilever as a mass on a spring Point mass approximation z F Hooke s law k N = F / z This is beam mechanics, standard in engineering textbooks. For a rectangular
More informationScanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
CHEM53200: Lecture 9 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Major reference: 1. Scanning Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy Edited by D. Bonnell (2001). 2. A practical guide to scanning probe microscopy by Park
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy References: 1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57 (1982); and ibid 50, 120 (1983). 2. J. Chen, Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,
More informationScanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) --- G. Binnig, H. Rohrer et al, (1982) Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) --- D. W. Pohl (1982) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
More informationReview. Surfaces of Biomaterials. Characterization. Surface sensitivity
Surfaces of Biomaterials Three lectures: 1.23.05 Surface Properties of Biomaterials 1.25.05 Surface Characterization 1.27.05 Surface and Protein Interactions Review Bulk Materials are described by: Chemical
More informationCharacterization of MEMS Devices
MEMS: Characterization Characterization of MEMS Devices Prasanna S. Gandhi Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Recap Characterization of MEMS
More informationPhysical Chemistry - Problem Drill 01: Chemistry and Physics Review
Physical Chemistry - Problem Drill 01: Chemistry and Physics Review No. 1 of 10 1. Chemical bonds are considered to be the interaction of their electronic structures of bonding atoms involved, with the
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
More informationElectron confinement in metallic nanostructures
Electron confinement in metallic nanostructures Pierre Mallet LEPES-CNRS associated with Joseph Fourier University Grenoble (France) Co-workers : Jean-Yves Veuillen, Stéphane Pons http://lepes.polycnrs-gre.fr/
More informationThere is light at the end of the tunnel. -- proverb. The light at the end of the tunnel is just the light of an oncoming train. --R.
A vast time bubble has been projected into the future to the precise moment of the end of the universe. This is, of course, impossible. --D. Adams, The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy There is light at
More informationV BI. H. Föll: kiel.de/matwis/amat/semi_en/kap_2/backbone/r2_2_4.html. different electrochemical potentials (i.e.
Consider the the band diagram for a homojunction, formed when two bits of the same type of semicondutor (e.g. Si) are doped p and ntype and then brought into contact. Electrons in the two bits have different
More informationNIS: what can it be used for?
AFM @ NIS: what can it be used for? Chiara Manfredotti 011 670 8382/8388/7879 chiara.manfredotti@to.infn.it Skype: khiaram 1 AFM: block scheme In an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) a micrometric tip attached
More informationConcepts in Surface Physics
M.-C. Desjonqueres D. Spanjaard Concepts in Surface Physics Second Edition With 257 Figures Springer 1. Introduction................................. 1 2. Thermodynamical and Statistical Properties of
More information3.1 Electron tunneling theory
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was invented in the 80s by two physicists: G. Binnig and H. Rorher. They got the Nobel Prize a few years later. This invention paved the way for new possibilities in
More informationImperfect Gases. NC State University
Chemistry 431 Lecture 3 Imperfect Gases NC State University The Compression Factor One way to represent the relationship between ideal and real gases is to plot the deviation from ideality as the gas is
More informationChapter 3. Crystal Binding
Chapter 3. Crystal Binding Energy of a crystal and crystal binding Cohesive energy of Molecular crystals Ionic crystals Metallic crystals Elasticity What causes matter to exist in three different forms?
More informationLecture 13: Barrier Penetration and Tunneling
Lecture 13: Barrier Penetration and Tunneling nucleus x U(x) U(x) U 0 E A B C B A 0 L x 0 x Lecture 13, p 1 Today Tunneling of quantum particles Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Nuclear Decay Solar
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Supplementary Note 1: Fabrication of Scanning Thermal Microscopy Probes
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Supplementary Note 1: Fabrication of Scanning Thermal Microscopy Probes Fabrication of the scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) probes is summarized in Supplementary Fig. 1 and proceeds
More informationTechniken der Oberflächenphysik (Techniques of Surface Physics)
Techniken der Oberflächenphysik (Techniques of Surface Physics) Prof. Yong Lei & Dr. Yang Xu Fachgebiet 3D-Nanostrukturierung, Institut für Physik Contact: yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de yang.xu@tu-ilmenau.de
More informationReducing dimension. Crystalline structures
Reducing dimension 2D surfaces, interfaces and quantum wells 1D carbon nanotubes, quantum wires and conducting polymers 0D nanocrystals, nanoparticles, lithographically patterned quantum dots Crystalline
More informationContents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1
V Contents Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Van der Waals Forces 5 2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules 5 2.1.1 Coulomb Interaction 5 2.1.2 Monopole Dipole Interaction
More informationMagnetic Force Microscopy practical
European School on Magnetism 2015 From basic magnetic concepts to spin currents Magnetic Force Microscopy practical Organized by: Yann Perrin, Michal Staňo and Olivier Fruchart Institut NEEL (CNRS & Univ.
More informationElectronic transport in low dimensional systems
Electronic transport in low dimensional systems For example: 2D system l
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Analysis Method for Quantifying the Morphology of Nanotube Networks Dusan Vobornik*, Shan Zou and Gregory P. Lopinski Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council
More informationScanning Probe Microscopy
1 Scanning Probe Microscopy Dr. Benjamin Dwir Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures (LPN) Benjamin.dwir@epfl.ch PH.D3.344 Outline: Introduction: What is SPM, history STM AFM Image treatment Advanced
More informationFrom Atoms to Solids. Outline. - Atomic and Molecular Wavefunctions - Molecular Hydrogen - Benzene
From Atoms to Solids Outline - Atomic and Molecular Wavefunctions - Molecular Hydrogen - Benzene 1 A Simple Approximation for an Atom Let s represent the atom in space by its Coulomb potential centered
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SCA\ \I\G TUNNELING MICROSCOPY
INTRODUCTION TO SCA\ \I\G TUNNELING MICROSCOPY SECOND EDITION C. JULIAN CHEN Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface
More informationMS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 11: Scanning Probe Microscopy. Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST
2015 Fall Semester MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 11: Scanning Probe Microscopy Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST 1 Course Information Syllabus 1. Overview of various characterization
More informationHigh resolution STM imaging with oriented single crystalline tips
High resolution STM imaging with oriented single crystalline tips A. N. Chaika a, *, S. S. Nazin a, V. N. Semenov a, N. N Orlova a, S. I. Bozhko a,b, O. Lübben b, S. A. Krasnikov b, K. Radican b, and I.
More informationImaging of Quantum Confinement and Electron Wave Interference
: Forefront of Basic Research at NTT Imaging of Quantum Confinement and lectron Wave Interference Kyoichi Suzuki and Kiyoshi Kanisawa Abstract We investigated the spatial distribution of the local density
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
Page 1 of 8 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) This is the fastest growing surface analytical technique, which is replacing LEED as the surface imaging tool (certainly in UHV, air and liquid). STM has
More informationProbability and Normalization
Probability and Normalization Although we don t know exactly where the particle might be inside the box, we know that it has to be in the box. This means that, ψ ( x) dx = 1 (normalization condition) L
More informationChapter 12. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.
Chapter 12 Nanometrology Introduction Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Figure illustrates where nanoscale stands in relation to a meter and sub divisions of meter. Nanometrology
More informationBonds and Wavefunctions. Module α-1: Visualizing Electron Wavefunctions Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Instructor: Silvija Gradečak
3.014 Materials Laboratory December 8 th 13 th, 2006 Lab week 4 Bonds and Wavefunctions Module α-1: Visualizing Electron Wavefunctions Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Instructor: Silvija Gradečak OBJECTIVES
More informationSupporting information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting information Self-assembled nanopatch with peptide-organic multilayers and mechanical
More informationThe liquid-vapour interface of QDO water. Flaviu Cipcigan Andrew Jones Jason Crain Vlad Sokhan Glenn Martyna
The liquid-vapour interface of QDO water Flaviu Cipcigan Andrew Jones Jason Crain Vlad Sokhan Glenn Martyna The liquid-vapour interface of QDO water 1. Molecular models 2. The Quantum Drude Oscillator
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.1488 Submolecular control, spectroscopy and imaging of bond-selective chemistry in single functionalized molecules Ying Jiang 1,2*, Qing Huan 1,3*, Laura Fabris 4, Guillermo C. Bazan
More informationSingle-Molecule Recognition and Manipulation Studied by Scanning Probe Microscopy
Single-Molecule Recognition and Manipulation Studied by Scanning Probe Microscopy Byung Kim Department of Physics Boise State University Langmuir (in press, 2006) swollen collapsed Hydrophilic non-sticky
More informationNear field radiative heat transfer between a sphere and a substrate
Near field radiative heat transfer between a sphere and a substrate Arvind Narayanaswamy Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. Sheng Shen and Gang Chen Department
More informationScanning Tunneling Microscopy & Spectroscopy: A tool for probing electronic inhomogeneities in correlated systems
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy & Spectroscopy: A tool for probing electronic inhomogeneities in correlated systems Anjan K. Gupta Physics Department, I. I. T Kanpur ICTS-GJ, IITK, Feb 2010 Acknowledgements
More informationElectron in a Box. A wave packet in a square well (an electron in a box) changing with time.
Electron in a Box A wave packet in a square well (an electron in a box) changing with time. Last Time: Light Wave model: Interference pattern is in terms of wave intensity Photon model: Interference in
More informationOutline Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM)
AFM Outline Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) A family of microscopy forms where a sharp probe is scanned across a surface and some tip/sample interactions are monitored Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
More informationClass 24: Density of States
Class 24: Density of States The solution to the Schrödinger wave equation showed us that confinement leads to quantization. The smaller the region within which the electron is confined, the more widely
More informationThree Most Important Topics (MIT) Today
Three Most Important Topics (MIT) Today Electrons in periodic potential Energy gap nearly free electron Bloch Theorem Energy gap tight binding Chapter 1 1 Electrons in Periodic Potential We now know the
More informationSection 4: Harmonic Oscillator and Free Particles Solutions
Physics 143a: Quantum Mechanics I Section 4: Harmonic Oscillator and Free Particles Solutions Spring 015, Harvard Here is a summary of the most important points from the recent lectures, relevant for either
More informationCHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II
CHAPTER 6 Quantum Mechanics II 6.1 The Schrödinger Wave Equation 6.2 Expectation Values 6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential 6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential 6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well
More informationThe broad topic of physical metallurgy provides a basis that links the structure of materials with their properties, focusing primarily on metals.
Physical Metallurgy The broad topic of physical metallurgy provides a basis that links the structure of materials with their properties, focusing primarily on metals. Crystal Binding In our discussions
More informationChapter 10. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.
Chapter 10 Nanometrology Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Figure illustrates where nanoscale stands
More informationChapter 5 Nanomanipulation. Chapter 5 Nanomanipulation. 5.1: With a nanotube. Cutting a nanotube. Moving a nanotube
Objective: learn about nano-manipulation techniques with a STM or an AFM. 5.1: With a nanotube Moving a nanotube Cutting a nanotube Images at large distance At small distance : push the NT Voltage pulse
More information(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) (b) (a) Supplementary Figure 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(a) (b) Supplementary Figure 1. (a) An AFM image of the device after the formation of the contact electrodes and the top gate dielectric Al 2 O 3. (b) A line scan performed along the white dashed line
More informationQuantum Condensed Matter Physics Lecture 12
Quantum Condensed Matter Physics Lecture 12 David Ritchie QCMP Lent/Easter 2016 http://www.sp.phy.cam.ac.uk/drp2/home 12.1 QCMP Course Contents 1. Classical models for electrons in solids 2. Sommerfeld
More informationChapter 8 Chapter 8 Quantum Theory: Techniques and Applications (Part II)
Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Quantum Theory: Techniques and Applications (Part II) The Particle in the Box and the Real World, Phys. Chem. nd Ed. T. Engel, P. Reid (Ch.16) Objectives Importance of the concept for
More informationAFM: Atomic Force Microscopy II
AM: Atomic orce Microscopy II Jan Knudsen The MAX IV laboratory & Division of synchrotron radiation research K522-523 (Sljus) 4 th of May, 2018 http://www.sljus.lu.se/staff/rainer/spm.htm Last time: The
More information(Scanning Probe Microscopy)
(Scanning Probe Microscopy) Ing-Shouh Hwang (ishwang@phys.sinica.edu.tw) Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan References 1. G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett.
More informationMSE 321 Structural Characterization
Auger Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) Incident Electron Ejected Electron Auger Electron Initial State Intermediate State Final State Physical Electronics
More informationAFM for Measuring Surface Topography and Forces
ENB 2007 07.03.2007 AFM for Measuring Surface Topography and Forces Andreas Fery Scanning Probe : What is it and why do we need it? AFM as a versatile tool for local analysis and manipulation Dates Course
More information