Neutrosophic Bi-LA-Semigroup and Neutrosophic N-LA- Semigroup

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Neutrosophic Bi-LA-Semigroup and Neutrosophic N-LA- Semigroup"

Transcription

1 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 9 Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA- Semgroup Mumtaz Al *, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr 3 Munazza Naz 4,3 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam Unversty, Islamabad, 44000,Pakstan. E-mal: mumtazal770@yahoo.com, mshabrbhatt@yahoo.co.uk Unversty of New Mexco, 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup, New Mexco 8730, USA E-mal: fsmarache@gmal.com 4 Department of Mathematcal Scences, Fatma Jnnah Women Unversty, The Mall, Rawalpnd, 46000, Pakstan. E-mal: munazzanaz@yahoo.com Abstract. In ths paper we defne neutrosophc b-lasemgroup neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup. Infact ths paper s an extenson of our prevous paper neutrosophc left almost semgroup shortly neutrosophc LAsemgroup. We also extend the neutrosophc deal to neutrosophc bdeal neutrosophc N-deal. We also fnd some new type of neutrosophc deal whch s related to the strong or pure part of neutrosophy. We have gven suffcent amount of examples to llustrate the theory of neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup dsplay many propertes of them ths paper. Keywords: Neutrosophc LA-semgroup, neutrosophc deal, neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, neutrosophc bdeal, neutrosophc N-LA-semgroup, neutrosophc N-deal. Introducton Neutrosophy s a new branch of phlosophy whch studes the orgn features of neutraltes n the nature. Florentn Smarache n 980 frstly ntroduced the concept of neutrosophc logc where each proposton n neutrosophc logc s approxmated to have the percentage of truth n a subset T, the percentage of ndetermnacy n a subset I, the percentage of falsty n a subset F so that ths neutrosophc logc s called an extenson of fuzzy logc. In fact neutrosophc set s the generalzaton of classcal sets, con- n- ventonal fuzzy set, ntutonstc fuzzy set terval valued fuzzy set 3. Ths mathematcal tool s used to hle problems lke mprecse, ndetermnacy nconsstent data etc. By utlzng neutrosophc theory, Vasantha Kasamy Florentn Smarache dg out neutrosophc algebrac structures n. Some of them Kazm M. Naseeruddn 3 n 97. Ths structure s bascally a mdway structure between a groupod a commutatve semgroup. Ths structure s also termed as Able-Grassmann s groupod abbrevated as AG -groupod 6. Ths s a non assocatve non commutatve algebrac structure whch closely resemble to commutatve semgroup. The generalzaton of semgroup theory s an LA-semgroup ths structure has wde applcatons n collaboraton wth semgroup. We have tred to develop the deal theory of LAsemgroups n a logcal manner. Frstly, prelmnares basc concepts are gven for neutrosophc LA-semgroup. Then we presented the newly defned notons results n neutrosophc b-la-semgroups neutrosophc N- LA-semgroups. Varous types of neutrosophc bdeals neutrosophc N-deal are defned elaborated wth the help of examples. are neutrosophc felds, neutrosophc vector spaces, neutrosophc groups, neutrosophc bgroups, neutrosophc N- Prelmnares groups, neutrosophc semgroups, neutrosophc bsemgroups, neutrosophc N-semgroup, neutrosophc loops, S I a bi : a, b S. The neutrosophc LA- Defnton. Let S, be an LA-semgroup let neutrosophc bloops, neutrosophc N-loop, neutrosophc semgroup s generated by S I under denoted as groupods, neutrosophc bgroupods so on. N S S I,, where I s called the A left almost semgroup abbrevated as LA-semgroup s neutrosophc element wth property I I. For an an algebrac structure whch was ntroduced by M.A. nteger n, n I ni are neutrosophc elements Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

2 0 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 I 0. I 0., the nverse of I s not defned hence does not exst. Smlarly we can defne neutrosophc RA-semgroup on the same lnes. Defnton. Let NH be a proper subset of NS N H operaton of NS. N S be a neutrosophc LA-semgroup. Then s called a neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup f N H tself s a neutrosophc LA-semgroup under the Defnton 3. A neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup NH s called strong neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup or pure neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup f all the elements of N H are neutrosophc elements. Defnton 4. Let NK be a subset of NS. Then called Left (rght) neutrosophc deal of N S N K N K { N, K N S N K }. If N S be a neutrosophc LA-semgroup N K s N S f N K s both left rght neutrosophc deal, then N K s called a two sded neutrosophc deal or smply a neutrosophc deal. Defnton 5. A neutrosophc deal NK s called strong neutrosophc deal or pure neutrosophc deal f all of ts elements are neutrosophc elements. 3 Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Defnton 6. Let ( BN( S),, ) be a non-empty set wth two bnary operatons. ( BN( S),, ) s sad to BN( S) P P be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup f where atleast one of ( P, ) or ( P, ) s a neutrosophc LA-semgroup other s just an LA- semgroup. P P are proper subsets of BN( S ). Smlarly we can defne neutrosophc b-ra-semgroup on the same lnes. Theorem. All neutrosophc b-la-semgroups contans the correspondng b-la-semgroups. Example. Let BN( S) { SI S I } be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup where S I,,3,4, I, I,3 I,4I s a neutrosophc LA-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 4 I I 3I 4I 4 3 I 4I I 3I 3 4 3I I 4I I I I 3I I I 3I I 4I I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I S I,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-la-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I Defnton 7. Let ( BN( S) P P;:, ) be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. A proper subset ( T,, ) s sad to be a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of BN( S ) f. T T T where T P T T PT (, ) ( T, ) s a neutrosoph-. At least one of T or c LA-semgroup. Example : BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-lasemgroup n Example. Then P {, I} {3,3 I} Q {, I} {, I} are neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroups of BN( S ). Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

3 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 Theorem. Let BN S be a neutrosophc b-lasemgroup NH be a proper subset of BN S. Then NH s a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup of BN S f N H. N H N H. Defnton 8. Let ( BN( S) P P,, ) be any neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. Let J be a proper subset of BN( S ) such that J J P J J P are deals of P P respectvely. Then J s called the neutrosophc bdeal of BN( S ). Example 3. Let BN( S) { SI S I } be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, where S I,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-la-semgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I And S I I I I,,3,,,3 be another neutrosophc LA-semgroup wth the followng table.. 3 I I 3I 3 3 3I 3I I I I I 3 I I I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I I I I I I I I 3I I I I I I I Then Q I I P,I,3,3 I {, I},,3,,3 {,3, I,3I} are neutrosophc bdeals of BN( S ). Proposton. Every neutrosophc bdeal of a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup s trvally a Neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup but the conver s not true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. 3 Neutrosophc Strong B-LA-Semgroup Defnton 9: If both ( P, ) ( P, ) n the Defnton 6. are neutrosophc strong LAsemgroups then we call ( BN( S),, ) s a neutrosophc strong b-la-semgroup. Defnton 0. Let ( BN( S) P P,, ) be a neutrosophc b-la-semgroup. A proper subset ( T,, ) s sad to be a neutrosophc strong sub b-la-semgroup of BN( S ) f. T T T where T P T T PT. ( T, ) ( T, ) are neutrosophc strong LA-semgroups. Example 4. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b- LA-semgroup n Example 3. Then P I,3 I { I}, Q I,3 I{I,3I} are neutrosophc strong sub b- LA-semgroup of BN( S ). Theorem 4: Every neutrosophc strong sub b- LA-semgroup s a neutrosophc sub b-lasemgroup. Defnton. Let ( BN( S),, ) be a strong neutrosophc b-la-semgroup where BN( S) P P wth ( P, ) ( P, ) be any two neutrosophc LAsemgroups. Let J be a proper subset of BN( S ) where I I I wth I I P I I P are neutrosophc deals of the neutrosophc LA-semgroups P P respectvely. Then I s called or defned as the Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

4 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 neutrosophc strong bdeal of BN( S ). Theorem 5: Every neutrosophc strong bdeal s trvally a neutrosophc sub b-la-semgroup. Theorem 6: Every neutrosophc strong bdeal s a neutrosophc strong sub b-la-semgroup. Theorem 7: Every neutrosophc strong bdeal s a neutrosophc bdeal. Example 5. Let BN( S ) be a neutrosophc b-la semgroup n Example (*).Then P I,3 I { I}, Q I,3 I{I,3I} are neutrosophc strong bdeal of BN( S ). 4 Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup Defnton. Let { SN ( ),,..., } be a non-empty set wth N -bnary operatons defned on t. We call SN ( ) a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup ( N a postve nteger) f the followng condtons are satsfed. ) S( N) S... SN where each S s a proper subset of SN ( ).e. S Sj or Sj S f j. ) ( S, ) s ether a neutrosophc LA-semgroup or an LA-semgroup for,,3,..., N. Example 6. Let S(N) {S SS 3,,, 3} be a neutrosophc 3-LA-semgroup where S,,3,4, I, I,3 I,4I s a neutrosophc LAsemgroup wth the followng table. * 3 4 I I 3I 4I 4 3 I 4I I 3I 3 4 3I I 4I I I I 3I I I 3I I 4I I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I I 3I I 4I S,,3, I, I,3I be another neutrosophc b-lasemgroup wth the followng table. * 3 I I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I And S I I I 3,,3,,,3 s another neutrosophc LAsemgroup wth the followng table.. 3 I I 3I 3 3 3I 3I I I I I 3 I I I I 3I 3I I 3I 3I I I I I I I I I 3I I I I I I I Theorem 8 All neutrosophc N-LA-semgroups contans the correspondng N-LA-semgroups. Defnton 3. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset P {P P...P,,,..., } of SN ( ) s sad N to be a neutrosophc sub N -LA-semgroup f P P S,,,..., N are sub LA-semgroups of S n whch atleast some of the sub LA-semgroups are neutrosophc sub LA-semgroups. Example 7: Let S(N) {S SS 3,,, 3} be a neutrosophc 3-LA-semgroup n above Example 6. Then clearly P {, I} {,3,3 I} {, I}, Q {, I} {,3, I,3 I} {,3, I,3I}, N Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

5 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 3 R {4,4 I} { I,3 I} {I,3I} are neutrosophc sub 3-LA-semgroups of S(N). Theorem 9. Let N( S ) be a neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup NH be a proper subset of N( S ). Then NH s a neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup of N( S ) f N H. N H N H. Defnton 4. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset P {P P... P N,,,..., N } of SN ( ) s sad to be a neutrosophc N -deal, f the followng condtons are true,. P s a neutrosophc sub N -LA-semgroup of SN ( ).. Each P S P,,,..., N s an deal of S. Example 8. Consder Example 6. Then I {, I} {3,3 I} {, I}, I {, I} { I,3 I} {,3,3I} are neutrosophc 3- deals of SN ( ). Theorem 0: Every neutrosophc N-deal s trvally a neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup but the converse s not true n general. One can easly see the converse by the help of example. 5 Neutrosophc Strong N-LA-Semgroup Defnton 5: If all the N -LA-semgroups ( S, ) n Defnton ( ) are neutrosophc strong LA-semgroups (.e. for,,3,..., N ) then we call SN ( ) to be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. Defnton 6. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset T {T T... T,,,..., } of SN ( ) s N sad to be a neutrosophc strong sub N -LA-semgroup f each ( T, ) s a neutrosophc strong sub LA-semgroup of ( S, ) for,,..., N where T S T. Theorem : Every neutrosophc strong sub N-LAsemgroup s a neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup. N Defnton 7. Let S( N) { S S... S N,,,..., N } be a neutrosophc strong N -LA-semgroup. A proper subset J {J J...J,,,..., } where N Jt J St for t,,..., N s sad to be a neutrosophc strong N -deal of SN ( ) f the followng condtons are satsfed. ) Each t s a neutrosophc sub LA-semgroup of St, t,,..., N.e. It s a neutrosophc strong N- sub LA-semgroup of SN ( ). ) Each t s a two sded deal of S t for t,,..., N. Smlarly one can defne neutrosophc strong N -left deal or neutrosophc strong rght deal of SN ( ). A neutrosophc strong N -deal s one whch s both a neutrosophc strong N -left deal N -rght deal of SN ( ). Theorem : Every neutrosophc strong Ndeal s trvally a neutrosophc sub N-LA-semgroup. Theorem 3: Every neutrosophc strong N-deal s a neutrosophc strong sub N-LA-semgroup. Theorem 4: Every neutrosophc strong N-deal s a N- deal. Concluson In ths paper we extend neutrosophc LA-semgroup to neutrosophc b-la-semgroup neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup. The neutrosophc deal theory of neutrosophc LA-semgroup s extend to neutrosophc bdeal neutrosophc N-deal. Some new type of neutrosophc deals are dscovered whch s strongly neutrosophc or purely neutrosophc. Related examples are gven to llustrate neutrosophc b-la-semgroup, neutrosophc N-LAsemgroup many theorems propertes are dscussed. References [] M. Al, M.Shabr, M. Naz F. Smarache, Neutrosophc Left Almost Semgroup, Neutrosophc Sets Systems, 3 (04), 8-8. [] Florentn Smarache, A Unfyng Feld n Logcs. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophc Probablty, Set Logc. Rehoboth: Amercan Research Press, (999). [3] W. B. Vasantha Kasamy & Florentn Smarache, Some Neutrosophc Algebrac Structures Neutrosophc N-Algebrac Struc- N Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

6 4 Neutrosophc Sets Systems, Vol. 4, 04 tures, 9 p., Hexs, 006. [4] W. B. Vasantha Kasamy & Florentn Smarache, N-Algebrac Structures S-N- Algebrac Structures, 09 pp., Hexs, Phoenx, 006. [5] W. B. Vasantha Kasamy & Florentn Smarache, Basc Neutrosophc Algebrac Structures ther Applcatons to Fuzzy Neutrosophc Models, Hexs, 49 pp., 004. [6] P. Holgate: Groupods satsfyng a smple nvertve law, The Math. Student 6 (99). [7] M. Kazm M. Naseeruddn: On almost semgroups, Alg. Bull. Math. (97). [8] Q. Mushtaq M. S. Kamran: On left almost groups, Proc. Pak. Acad. Sc. 33 (996), [9] M. Shabr, S. Naz, Pure spectrum of an aggroupod wth left dentty zero, World Appled Scences Journal 7 (0) [0] Protc, P.V N. Stevanovc, AG-test some general propertes of Abel-grassmann s groupods,pu. M. A, 4,6 (995), [] Madad Khan N. Ahmad, Characterzatons of left almost semgroups by ther deals, Journal of Advanced Research n Pure mathematcs, (00), [] Q. Mushtaq M. Khan, Ideals n left almost semgroups, Proceedngs of 4 th Internatonal Pure mathematcs Conference, 003, Receved: June 8, 04. Accepted: June 30, 04. Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarache, Muhammad Shabr Munazza Naz, Neutrosophc B-LA-Semgroup Neutrosophc N-LA-Semgroup

Soft Neutrosophic Bi-LA-semigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-LA-seigroup

Soft Neutrosophic Bi-LA-semigroup and Soft Neutrosophic N-LA-seigroup Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 5, 04 45 Soft Neutrosophc B-LA-semgroup and Soft Mumtaz Al, Florentn Smarandache, Muhammad Shabr 3,3 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam Unversty, Islamabad, 44000,Pakstan.

More information

Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

Smooth Neutrosophic Topological Spaces 65 Unversty of New Mexco Smooth Neutrosophc opologcal Spaces M. K. EL Gayyar Physcs and Mathematcal Engneerng Dept., aculty of Engneerng, Port-Sad Unversty, Egypt.- mohamedelgayyar@hotmal.com Abstract.

More information

SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION

SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION talan journal of pure appled mathematcs n. 33 2014 (63 70) 63 SUPER PRINCIPAL FIBER BUNDLE WITH SUPER ACTION M.R. Farhangdoost Department of Mathematcs College of Scences Shraz Unversty Shraz, 71457-44776

More information

INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentin Smarandache

INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentin Smarandache Interval Semgroups - Cover.pdf:Layout 1 1/20/2011 10:04 AM Page 1 INTERVAL SEMIGROUPS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Florentn Smarandache KAPPA & OMEGA Glendale 2011 Ths book can be ordered n a paper bound reprnt

More information

Subset Topological Spaces and Kakutani s Theorem

Subset Topological Spaces and Kakutani s Theorem MOD Natural Neutrosophc Subset Topologcal Spaces and Kakutan s Theorem W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy lanthenral K Florentn Smarandache 1 Copyrght 1 by EuropaNova ASBL and the Authors Ths book can be ordered

More information

Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup

Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup 18 Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup Mumtaz Ali 1*, Muhammad Shabir 2, Munazza Naz 3 and Florentin Smarandache 4 1,2 Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000,Pakistan. E-mail:

More information

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS INTRODUCTION We know that x 0 for all x R e the square of a real number (whether postve, negatve or ero) s non-negatve Hence the equatons x, x, x + 7 0 etc are not

More information

Smarandache-Zero Divisors in Group Rings

Smarandache-Zero Divisors in Group Rings Smarandache-Zero Dvsors n Group Rngs W.B. Vasantha and Moon K. Chetry Department of Mathematcs I.I.T Madras, Chenna The study of zero-dvsors n group rngs had become nterestng problem snce 1940 wth the

More information

A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS

A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS Journal of Mathematcal Scences: Advances and Applcatons Volume 25, 2014, Pages 1-12 A CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVE DERIVATIONS ON VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS JIA JI, WEN ZHANG and XIAOFEI QI Department of Mathematcs

More information

Binomial transforms of the modified k-fibonacci-like sequence

Binomial transforms of the modified k-fibonacci-like sequence Internatonal Journal of Mathematcs and Computer Scence, 14(2019, no. 1, 47 59 M CS Bnomal transforms of the modfed k-fbonacc-lke sequence Youngwoo Kwon Department of mathematcs Korea Unversty Seoul, Republc

More information

SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS

SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS SMARANDACHE-GALOIS FIELDS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Deartment of Mathematcs Indan Insttute of Technology, Madras Chenna - 600 036, Inda. E-mal: vasantak@md3.vsnl.net.n Abstract: In ths aer we study the

More information

The Order Relation and Trace Inequalities for. Hermitian Operators

The Order Relation and Trace Inequalities for. Hermitian Operators Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol 3, 08, no, 507-57 HIKARI Ltd, wwwm-hkarcom https://doorg/0988/mf088055 The Order Relaton and Trace Inequaltes for Hermtan Operators Y Huang School of Informaton Scence

More information

P.P. PROPERTIES OF GROUP RINGS. Libo Zan and Jianlong Chen

P.P. PROPERTIES OF GROUP RINGS. Libo Zan and Jianlong Chen Internatonal Electronc Journal of Algebra Volume 3 2008 7-24 P.P. PROPERTIES OF GROUP RINGS Lbo Zan and Janlong Chen Receved: May 2007; Revsed: 24 October 2007 Communcated by John Clark Abstract. A rng

More information

n-strongly Ding Projective, Injective and Flat Modules

n-strongly Ding Projective, Injective and Flat Modules Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol. 7, 2012, no. 42, 2093-2098 n-strongly Dng Projectve, Injectve and Flat Modules Janmn Xng College o Mathematc and Physcs Qngdao Unversty o Scence and Technology Qngdao

More information

THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS

THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS Hacettepe Journal of Mathematcs and Statstcs Volume 401 2011, 21 26 THE RING AND ALGEBRA OF INTUITIONISTIC SETS Alattn Ural Receved 01:08 :2009 : Accepted 19 :03 :2010 Abstract The am of ths study s to

More information

Discrete Mathematics. Laplacian spectral characterization of some graphs obtained by product operation

Discrete Mathematics. Laplacian spectral characterization of some graphs obtained by product operation Dscrete Mathematcs 31 (01) 1591 1595 Contents lsts avalable at ScVerse ScenceDrect Dscrete Mathematcs journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/dsc Laplacan spectral characterzaton of some graphs obtaned

More information

Errors in Nobel Prize for Physics (7) Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation

Errors in Nobel Prize for Physics (7) Improper Schrodinger Equation and Dirac Equation Errors n Nobel Prze for Physcs (7) Improper Schrodnger Equaton and Drac Equaton u Yuhua (CNOOC Research Insttute, E-mal:fuyh945@sna.com) Abstract: One of the reasons for 933 Nobel Prze for physcs s for

More information

Matrix-Norm Aggregation Operators

Matrix-Norm Aggregation Operators IOSR Journal of Mathematcs (IOSR-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 39-765X. PP 8-34 www.osrournals.org Matrx-Norm Aggregaton Operators Shna Vad, Sunl Jacob John Department of Mathematcs, Natonal Insttute of

More information

Complement of Type-2 Fuzzy Shortest Path Using Possibility Measure

Complement of Type-2 Fuzzy Shortest Path Using Possibility Measure Intern. J. Fuzzy Mathematcal rchve Vol. 5, No., 04, 9-7 ISSN: 30 34 (P, 30 350 (onlne Publshed on 5 November 04 www.researchmathsc.org Internatonal Journal of Complement of Type- Fuzzy Shortest Path Usng

More information

The lower and upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegative irreducible matrices

The lower and upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegative irreducible matrices Journal of Computatonal Appled Mathematcs 217 (2008) 259 267 wwwelsevercom/locate/cam The lower upper bounds on Perron root of nonnegatve rreducble matrces Guang-Xn Huang a,, Feng Yn b,keguo a a College

More information

CHAPTER-5 INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRIX AND FUZZY BINARY RELATION

CHAPTER-5 INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRIX AND FUZZY BINARY RELATION CAPTER- INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRI AN FUZZY BINARY RELATION Introducton The basc concept of the fuzz matr theor s ver smple and can be appled to socal and natural stuatons A branch of fuzz matr

More information

A New Approach to Multi-spaces Through the Application

A New Approach to Multi-spaces Through the Application Neutrosophc Sets ad Systems Vol 7 015 34 A New Approach to Mult-spaces Through the Applcato Mumtaz Al 1 Floret Smaradache Sad Broum 3 ad Muhammad Shabr 4 14 Departmet of Mathematcs Quad--Azam Uversty Islamabad

More information

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra

APPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra APPENDIX A Some Lnear Algebra The collecton of m, n matrces A.1 Matrces a 1,1,..., a 1,n A = a m,1,..., a m,n wth real elements a,j s denoted by R m,n. If n = 1 then A s called a column vector. Smlarly,

More information

The binomial transforms of the generalized (s, t )-Jacobsthal matrix sequence

The binomial transforms of the generalized (s, t )-Jacobsthal matrix sequence Int. J. Adv. Appl. Math. and Mech. 6(3 (2019 14 20 (ISSN: 2347-2529 Journal homepage: www.jaamm.com IJAAMM Internatonal Journal of Advances n Appled Mathematcs and Mechancs The bnomal transforms of the

More information

The Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas Numbers via Square Roots of Matrices

The Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas Numbers via Square Roots of Matrices Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol 11, 2016, no 11, 513-520 HIKARI Ltd, wwwm-hkarcom http://dxdoorg/1012988/mf20166442 The Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal-Lucas Numbers va Square Roots of Matrces Saadet Arslan

More information

A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS. Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA

A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS. Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA A CLASS OF RECURSIVE SETS Florentn Smarandache Unversty of New Mexco 200 College Road Gallup, NM 87301, USA E-mal: smarand@unmedu In ths artcle one bulds a class of recursve sets, one establshes propertes

More information

Group Theory Worksheet

Group Theory Worksheet Jonathan Loss Group Theory Worsheet Goals: To ntroduce the student to the bascs of group theory. To provde a hstorcal framewor n whch to learn. To understand the usefulness of Cayley tables. To specfcally

More information

On the correction of the h-index for career length

On the correction of the h-index for career length 1 On the correcton of the h-ndex for career length by L. Egghe Unverstet Hasselt (UHasselt), Campus Depenbeek, Agoralaan, B-3590 Depenbeek, Belgum 1 and Unverstet Antwerpen (UA), IBW, Stadscampus, Venusstraat

More information

Chapter 5. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Module No. 6. Solution of Inconsistent and Ill Conditioned Systems

Chapter 5. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Module No. 6. Solution of Inconsistent and Ill Conditioned Systems Numercal Analyss by Dr. Anta Pal Assstant Professor Department of Mathematcs Natonal Insttute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur-713209 emal: anta.bue@gmal.com 1 . Chapter 5 Soluton of System of Lnear Equatons

More information

General viscosity iterative method for a sequence of quasi-nonexpansive mappings

General viscosity iterative method for a sequence of quasi-nonexpansive mappings Avalable onlne at www.tjnsa.com J. Nonlnear Sc. Appl. 9 (2016), 5672 5682 Research Artcle General vscosty teratve method for a sequence of quas-nonexpansve mappngs Cuje Zhang, Ynan Wang College of Scence,

More information

Comparative Studies of Law of Conservation of Energy. and Law Clusters of Conservation of Generalized Energy

Comparative Studies of Law of Conservation of Energy. and Law Clusters of Conservation of Generalized Energy Comparatve Studes of Law of Conservaton of Energy and Law Clusters of Conservaton of Generalzed Energy No.3 of Comparatve Physcs Seres Papers Fu Yuhua (CNOOC Research Insttute, E-mal:fuyh1945@sna.com)

More information

Modulo Magic Labeling in Digraphs

Modulo Magic Labeling in Digraphs Gen. Math. Notes, Vol. 7, No., August, 03, pp. 5- ISSN 9-784; Copyrght ICSRS Publcaton, 03 www.-csrs.org Avalable free onlne at http://www.geman.n Modulo Magc Labelng n Dgraphs L. Shobana and J. Baskar

More information

Genericity of Critical Types

Genericity of Critical Types Genercty of Crtcal Types Y-Chun Chen Alfredo D Tllo Eduardo Fangold Syang Xong September 2008 Abstract Ely and Pesk 2008 offers an nsghtful characterzaton of crtcal types: a type s crtcal f and only f

More information

Power law and dimension of the maximum value for belief distribution with the max Deng entropy

Power law and dimension of the maximum value for belief distribution with the max Deng entropy Power law and dmenson of the maxmum value for belef dstrbuton wth the max Deng entropy Bngy Kang a, a College of Informaton Engneerng, Northwest A&F Unversty, Yanglng, Shaanx, 712100, Chna. Abstract Deng

More information

Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an indeterminacy-based inference process

Redesigning Decision Matrix Method with an indeterminacy-based inference process Redesgnng Decson Matrx Method wth an ndetermnacy-based nference process Jose L. Salmeron a* and Florentn Smarandache b a Pablo de Olavde Unversty at Sevlle (Span) b Unversty of New Mexco, Gallup (USA)

More information

The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphism Algebras

The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphism Algebras Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, 4, 009, no. 48, 363-368 The Pseudoblocks of Endomorphsm Algebras Ahmed A. Khammash Department of Mathematcal Scences, Umm Al-Qura Unversty P.O.Box 796, Makkah, Saud Araba

More information

Volume 18 Figure 1. Notation 1. Notation 2. Observation 1. Remark 1. Remark 2. Remark 3. Remark 4. Remark 5. Remark 6. Theorem A [2]. Theorem B [2].

Volume 18 Figure 1. Notation 1. Notation 2. Observation 1. Remark 1. Remark 2. Remark 3. Remark 4. Remark 5. Remark 6. Theorem A [2]. Theorem B [2]. Bulletn of Mathematcal Scences and Applcatons Submtted: 016-04-07 ISSN: 78-9634, Vol. 18, pp 1-10 Revsed: 016-09-08 do:10.1805/www.scpress.com/bmsa.18.1 Accepted: 016-10-13 017 ScPress Ltd., Swtzerland

More information

12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. 4. Tensor product

12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. 4. Tensor product 12 MATH 101A: ALGEBRA I, PART C: MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA Here s an outlne of what I dd: (1) categorcal defnton (2) constructon (3) lst of basc propertes (4) dstrbutve property (5) rght exactness (6) localzaton

More information

More metrics on cartesian products

More metrics on cartesian products More metrcs on cartesan products If (X, d ) are metrc spaces for 1 n, then n Secton II4 of the lecture notes we defned three metrcs on X whose underlyng topologes are the product topology The purpose of

More information

20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The first idea is connectedness.

20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The first idea is connectedness. 20. Mon, Oct. 13 What we have done so far corresponds roughly to Chapters 2 & 3 of Lee. Now we turn to Chapter 4. The frst dea s connectedness. Essentally, we want to say that a space cannot be decomposed

More information

The L(2, 1)-Labeling on -Product of Graphs

The L(2, 1)-Labeling on -Product of Graphs Annals of Pure and Appled Mathematcs Vol 0, No, 05, 9-39 ISSN: 79-087X (P, 79-0888(onlne Publshed on 7 Aprl 05 wwwresearchmathscorg Annals of The L(, -Labelng on -Product of Graphs P Pradhan and Kamesh

More information

COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS

COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS Avalable onlne at http://sck.org J. Math. Comput. Sc. 3 (3), No., 6-3 ISSN: 97-537 COMPARISON OF SOME RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN REDUNDANT SYSTEMS REQUIRING SUPPORTING UNITS FOR THEIR OPERATIONS

More information

LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF A HEMIRING

LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF A HEMIRING LEVEL SET OF INTUITIONTISTIC FUZZY SUBHEMIRINGS OF HEMIRING N. NITH ssstant Proessor n Mathematcs, Peryar Unversty PG Extn Centre, Dharmapur 636705. Emal : anthaarenu@gmal.com BSTRCT: In ths paper, we

More information

Neutrosophic Ideals of Γ-Semirings

Neutrosophic Ideals of Γ-Semirings ISSN: 1304-7981 Number: 6, Year: 014, Pages: 51-61 http://jnrs.gop.edu.tr Receved: 09.06.014 Accepted: 01.07.014 Edtors-n-Chef : Nam Çağman Area Edtor: Oktay Muhtaroglu Neutrosophc Ideals of Γ-Semrngs

More information

Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs IOS Journal of Mathematcs (IOS-JM) e-issn: 78-578, p-issn: 39-765X. Volume, Issue 6 Ver. IV (Nov. - Dec. 05), PP 03-07 www.osrournals.org Some Concepts on Constant Interval Valued Intutonstc Fuzzy Graphs

More information

Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prime h-ideals of a Hemiring

Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prime h-ideals of a Hemiring World Appled Scences Journal 17 (12): 1815-1820, 2012 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publcatons, 2012 Spectrum of (, q)-fuzzy Prme h-deals of a Hemrng 1 M. Shabr and 2 T. Mahmood 1 Department of Mathematcs, Quad--Azam

More information

Semilattices of Rectangular Bands and Groups of Order Two.

Semilattices of Rectangular Bands and Groups of Order Two. 1 Semlattces of Rectangular Bs Groups of Order Two R A R Monzo Abstract We prove that a semgroup S s a semlattce of rectangular bs groups of order two f only f t satsfes the dentty y y, y y, y S 1 Introducton

More information

A combinatorial proof of multiple angle formulas involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers

A combinatorial proof of multiple angle formulas involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers Notes on Number Theory and Dscrete Mathematcs ISSN 1310 5132 Vol. 20, 2014, No. 5, 35 39 A combnatoral proof of multple angle formulas nvolvng Fbonacc and Lucas numbers Fernando Córes 1 and Dego Marques

More information

On Tiling for Some Types of Manifolds. and their Folding

On Tiling for Some Types of Manifolds. and their Folding Appled Mathematcal Scences, Vol. 3, 009, no. 6, 75-84 On Tlng for Some Types of Manfolds and ther Foldng H. Rafat Mathematcs Department, Faculty of Scence Tanta Unversty, Tanta Egypt hshamrafat005@yahoo.com

More information

Ali Omer Alattass Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hadramout University of science and Technology, P. O. Box 50663, Mukalla, Yemen

Ali Omer Alattass Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hadramout University of science and Technology, P. O. Box 50663, Mukalla, Yemen Journal of athematcs and Statstcs 7 (): 4448, 0 ISSN 5493644 00 Scence Publcatons odules n σ[] wth Chan Condtons on Small Submodules Al Omer Alattass Department of athematcs, Faculty of Scence, Hadramout

More information

On the set of natural numbers

On the set of natural numbers On the set of natural numbers by Jalton C. Ferrera Copyrght 2001 Jalton da Costa Ferrera Introducton The natural numbers have been understood as fnte numbers, ths wor tres to show that the natural numbers

More information

Affine transformations and convexity

Affine transformations and convexity Affne transformatons and convexty The purpose of ths document s to prove some basc propertes of affne transformatons nvolvng convex sets. Here are a few onlne references for background nformaton: http://math.ucr.edu/

More information

GRA Method of Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Single Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set Information

GRA Method of Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Single Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set Information New Trends n Neutrosophc Theory and Applcatons PRANAB BISWAS, SURAPATI PRAMANIK *, BIBHAS C. GIRI 3 Department of Mathematcs, Jadavpur Unversty, Kolkata, 70003, Inda. E-mal: paldam00@gmal.com * Department

More information

Research Article Relative Smooth Topological Spaces

Research Article Relative Smooth Topological Spaces Advances n Fuzzy Systems Volume 2009, Artcle ID 172917, 5 pages do:10.1155/2009/172917 Research Artcle Relatve Smooth Topologcal Spaces B. Ghazanfar Department of Mathematcs, Faculty of Scence, Lorestan

More information

On the smoothness and the totally strong properties for nearness frames

On the smoothness and the totally strong properties for nearness frames Int. Sc. Technol. J. Namba Vol 1, Issue 1, 2013 On the smoothness and the totally strong propertes for nearness frames Martn. M. Mugoch Department of Mathematcs, Unversty of Namba 340 Mandume Ndemufayo

More information

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(3), 2012, Page: Available online through ISSN

International Journal of Mathematical Archive-3(3), 2012, Page: Available online through   ISSN Internatonal Journal of Mathematcal Archve-3(3), 2012, Page: 1136-1140 Avalable onlne through www.ma.nfo ISSN 2229 5046 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OF FOCAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING BASIC PROBABILITY

More information

The Degrees of Nilpotency of Nilpotent Derivations on the Ring of Matrices

The Degrees of Nilpotency of Nilpotent Derivations on the Ring of Matrices Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, Vol. 6, 2011, no. 15, 713-721 The Degrees of Nlpotency of Nlpotent Dervatons on the Rng of Matrces Homera Pajoohesh Department of of Mathematcs Medgar Evers College of CUNY

More information

On C 0 multi-contractions having a regular dilation

On C 0 multi-contractions having a regular dilation SUDIA MAHEMAICA 170 (3) (2005) On C 0 mult-contractons havng a regular dlaton by Dan Popovc (mşoara) Abstract. Commutng mult-contractons of class C 0 and havng a regular sometrc dlaton are studed. We prove

More information

Amusing Properties of Odd Numbers Derived From Valuated Binary Tree

Amusing Properties of Odd Numbers Derived From Valuated Binary Tree IOSR Journal of Mathematcs (IOSR-JM) e-iss: 78-578, p-iss: 19-765X. Volume 1, Issue 6 Ver. V (ov. - Dec.016), PP 5-57 www.osrjournals.org Amusng Propertes of Odd umbers Derved From Valuated Bnary Tree

More information

Erdős-Burgess constant of the multiplicative semigroup of the quotient ring off q [x]

Erdős-Burgess constant of the multiplicative semigroup of the quotient ring off q [x] Erdős-Burgess constant of the multplcatve semgroup of the quotent rng off q [x] arxv:1805.02166v1 [math.co] 6 May 2018 Jun Hao a Haol Wang b Lzhen Zhang a a Department of Mathematcs, Tanjn Polytechnc Unversty,

More information

Antipodal Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graphs

Antipodal Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graphs Internatonal Journal of pplcatons of uzzy ets and rtfcal Intellgence IN 4-40), Vol 3 03), 07-30 ntpodal Interval-Valued uzzy Graphs Hossen Rashmanlou and Madhumangal Pal Department of Mathematcs, Islamc

More information

Self-complementing permutations of k-uniform hypergraphs

Self-complementing permutations of k-uniform hypergraphs Dscrete Mathematcs Theoretcal Computer Scence DMTCS vol. 11:1, 2009, 117 124 Self-complementng permutatons of k-unform hypergraphs Artur Szymańsk A. Paweł Wojda Faculty of Appled Mathematcs, AGH Unversty

More information

Taylor Series Approximation to Solve Neutrosophic Multi-objective Programming Problem

Taylor Series Approximation to Solve Neutrosophic Multi-objective Programming Problem Taylor Seres Appromaton to Solve Neutrosophc Mult-objectve Programmng Problem Ecerpt from NETROSOPHC OPERATONA RESEARCH, Volume. Edtors: Prof. Florentn Smarandache, Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Dr. Yongquan

More information

2 More examples with details

2 More examples with details Physcs 129b Lecture 3 Caltech, 01/15/19 2 More examples wth detals 2.3 The permutaton group n = 4 S 4 contans 4! = 24 elements. One s the dentty e. Sx of them are exchange of two objects (, j) ( to j and

More information

A P PL I CA TIONS OF FRACTIONAL EXTERIOR DI F F ER EN TIAL IN THR EE- DI M ENSIONAL S PAC E Ξ

A P PL I CA TIONS OF FRACTIONAL EXTERIOR DI F F ER EN TIAL IN THR EE- DI M ENSIONAL S PAC E Ξ Appled Mathematcs and Mechancs ( Englsh Edton, Vol 24, No 3, Mar 2003) Publshed by Shangha Unversty, Shangha, Chna Artcle ID : 0253-4827 (2003) 03-0256-05 A P PL I CA TIONS OF FRACTIONAL EXTERIOR DI F

More information

arxiv: v1 [math.ct] 17 Feb 2017

arxiv: v1 [math.ct] 17 Feb 2017 Notes on Multple Hgher Category Theory Camell Kachour February 20, 2017 arxv:1702.05206v1 [math.ct] 17 Feb 2017 Abstract These notes follows the artcles [4, 5, 8] whch show how powerful can be the method

More information

INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY CLOSED IDEALS OF BG-ALGEBRA AND THEIR PRODUCTS

INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY CLOSED IDEALS OF BG-ALGEBRA AND THEIR PRODUCTS ITEVL-VLED ITITIOISTIC FZZY CLOSED IDELS OF G-LGE D THEI PODCTS Tapan Senapat #, onoranjan howmk *, adhumangal Pal #3 # Department of ppled athematcs wth Oceanology Computer Programmng, Vdyasagar nversty,

More information

On quasiperfect numbers

On quasiperfect numbers Notes on Number Theory and Dscrete Mathematcs Prnt ISSN 1310 5132, Onlne ISSN 2367 8275 Vol. 23, 2017, No. 3, 73 78 On quasperfect numbers V. Sva Rama Prasad 1 and C. Suntha 2 1 Nalla Malla Reddy Engneerng

More information

Continuous Time Markov Chain

Continuous Time Markov Chain Contnuous Tme Markov Chan Hu Jn Department of Electroncs and Communcaton Engneerng Hanyang Unversty ERICA Campus Contents Contnuous tme Markov Chan (CTMC) Propertes of sojourn tme Relatons Transton probablty

More information

Ideal Amenability of Second Duals of Banach Algebras

Ideal Amenability of Second Duals of Banach Algebras Internatonal Mathematcal Forum, 2, 2007, no. 16, 765-770 Ideal Amenablty of Second Duals of Banach Algebras M. Eshagh Gord (1), F. Habban (2) and B. Hayat (3) (1) Department of Mathematcs, Faculty of Scences,

More information

Appendix B. Criterion of Riemann-Stieltjes Integrability

Appendix B. Criterion of Riemann-Stieltjes Integrability Appendx B. Crteron of Remann-Steltes Integrablty Ths note s complementary to [R, Ch. 6] and [T, Sec. 3.5]. The man result of ths note s Theorem B.3, whch provdes the necessary and suffcent condtons for

More information

EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS. by W. R. Utz

EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS. by W. R. Utz Volume 3, 978 Pages 6 http://topology.auburn.edu/tp/ EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS by W. R. Utz Topology Proceedngs Web: http://topology.auburn.edu/tp/ Mal: Topology Proceedngs Department of Mathematcs & Statstcs

More information

NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules

NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules NOTES FOR QUANTUM GROUPS, CRYSTAL BASES AND REALIZATION OF ŝl(n)-modules EVAN WILSON Quantum groups Consder the Le algebra sl(n), whch s the Le algebra over C of n n trace matrces together wth the commutator

More information

THE SUMMATION NOTATION Ʃ

THE SUMMATION NOTATION Ʃ Sngle Subscrpt otaton THE SUMMATIO OTATIO Ʃ Most of the calculatons we perform n statstcs are repettve operatons on lsts of numbers. For example, we compute the sum of a set of numbers, or the sum of the

More information

Christian Aebi Collège Calvin, Geneva, Switzerland

Christian Aebi Collège Calvin, Geneva, Switzerland #A7 INTEGERS 12 (2012) A PROPERTY OF TWIN PRIMES Chrstan Aeb Collège Calvn, Geneva, Swtzerland chrstan.aeb@edu.ge.ch Grant Carns Department of Mathematcs, La Trobe Unversty, Melbourne, Australa G.Carns@latrobe.edu.au

More information

Lectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix

Lectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix Lectures - Week 4 Matrx norms, Condtonng, Vector Spaces, Lnear Independence, Spannng sets and Bass, Null space and Range of a Matrx Matrx Norms Now we turn to assocatng a number to each matrx. We could

More information

Randić Energy and Randić Estrada Index of a Graph

Randić Energy and Randić Estrada Index of a Graph EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS Vol. 5, No., 202, 88-96 ISSN 307-5543 www.ejpam.com SPECIAL ISSUE FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ANALYSIS AND ALGEBRA 29 JUNE -02JULY 20, ISTANBUL

More information

On Similarity Measures of Fuzzy Soft Sets

On Similarity Measures of Fuzzy Soft Sets Int J Advance Soft Comput Appl, Vol 3, No, July ISSN 74-853; Copyrght ICSRS Publcaton, www-csrsorg On Smlarty Measures of uzzy Soft Sets PINAKI MAJUMDAR* and SKSAMANTA Department of Mathematcs MUC Women

More information

Root Structure of a Special Generalized Kac- Moody Algebra

Root Structure of a Special Generalized Kac- Moody Algebra Mathematcal Computaton September 04, Volume, Issue, PP8-88 Root Structu of a Specal Generalzed Kac- Moody Algebra Xnfang Song, #, Xaox Wang Bass Department, Bejng Informaton Technology College, Bejng,

More information

A Simple Research of Divisor Graphs

A Simple Research of Divisor Graphs The 29th Workshop on Combnatoral Mathematcs and Computaton Theory A Smple Research o Dvsor Graphs Yu-png Tsao General Educaton Center Chna Unversty o Technology Tape Tawan yp-tsao@cuteedutw Tape Tawan

More information

International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 2014, no. 5, HIKARI Ltd,

International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 2014, no. 5, HIKARI Ltd, Internatonal Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 2014, no. 5, 229-238 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hkar.com http://dx.do.org/10.12988/ja.2014.4212 On P-Duo odules Inaam ohammed Al Had Department of athematcs College of Educaton

More information

Fuzzy Boundaries of Sample Selection Model

Fuzzy Boundaries of Sample Selection Model Proceedngs of the 9th WSES Internatonal Conference on ppled Mathematcs, Istanbul, Turkey, May 7-9, 006 (pp309-34) Fuzzy Boundares of Sample Selecton Model L. MUHMD SFIIH, NTON BDULBSH KMIL, M. T. BU OSMN

More information

A New Algorithm for Finding a Fuzzy Optimal. Solution for Fuzzy Transportation Problems

A New Algorithm for Finding a Fuzzy Optimal. Solution for Fuzzy Transportation Problems Appled Mathematcal Scences, Vol. 4, 200, no. 2, 79-90 A New Algorthm for Fndng a Fuzzy Optmal Soluton for Fuzzy Transportaton Problems P. Pandan and G. Nataraan Department of Mathematcs, School of Scence

More information

3.1 Expectation of Functions of Several Random Variables. )' be a k-dimensional discrete or continuous random vector, with joint PMF p (, E X E X1 E X

3.1 Expectation of Functions of Several Random Variables. )' be a k-dimensional discrete or continuous random vector, with joint PMF p (, E X E X1 E X Statstcs 1: Probablty Theory II 37 3 EPECTATION OF SEVERAL RANDOM VARIABLES As n Probablty Theory I, the nterest n most stuatons les not on the actual dstrbuton of a random vector, but rather on a number

More information

8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS

8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS SECTION 8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS 493 8.4 COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND INNER PRODUCTS All the vector spaces you have studed thus far n the text are real vector spaces because the scalars

More information

THE CHVÁTAL-ERDŐS CONDITION AND 2-FACTORS WITH A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF COMPONENTS

THE CHVÁTAL-ERDŐS CONDITION AND 2-FACTORS WITH A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF COMPONENTS Dscussones Mathematcae Graph Theory 27 (2007) 401 407 THE CHVÁTAL-ERDŐS CONDITION AND 2-FACTORS WITH A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF COMPONENTS Guantao Chen Department of Mathematcs and Statstcs Georga State Unversty,

More information

Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph

Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph Global Journal of Pure and Appled Mathematcs. ISSN 0973-768 Volume 3, Number 0 07), pp. 7365-7376 Research Inda Publcatons http://www.rpublcaton.com Double Layered Fuzzy Planar Graph J. Jon Arockaraj Assstant

More information

Section 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers

Section 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers 80 Chapter 8 Secton 8 Polar Form of Complex Numbers From prevous classes, you may have encountered magnary numbers the square roots of negatve numbers and, more generally, complex numbers whch are the

More information

Polynomials. 1 More properties of polynomials

Polynomials. 1 More properties of polynomials Polynomals 1 More propertes of polynomals Recall that, for R a commutatve rng wth unty (as wth all rngs n ths course unless otherwse noted), we defne R[x] to be the set of expressons n =0 a x, where a

More information

ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV

ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV ON SEPARATING SETS OF WORDS IV V. FLAŠKA, T. KEPKA AND J. KORTELAINEN Abstract. Further propertes of transtve closures of specal replacement relatons n free monods are studed. 1. Introducton Ths artcle

More information

Using T.O.M to Estimate Parameter of distributions that have not Single Exponential Family

Using T.O.M to Estimate Parameter of distributions that have not Single Exponential Family IOSR Journal of Mathematcs IOSR-JM) ISSN: 2278-5728. Volume 3, Issue 3 Sep-Oct. 202), PP 44-48 www.osrjournals.org Usng T.O.M to Estmate Parameter of dstrbutons that have not Sngle Exponental Famly Jubran

More information

Problem Do any of the following determine homomorphisms from GL n (C) to GL n (C)?

Problem Do any of the following determine homomorphisms from GL n (C) to GL n (C)? Homework 8 solutons. Problem 16.1. Whch of the followng defne homomomorphsms from C\{0} to C\{0}? Answer. a) f 1 : z z Yes, f 1 s a homomorphsm. We have that z s the complex conjugate of z. If z 1,z 2

More information

CHAPTER 4. Vector Spaces

CHAPTER 4. Vector Spaces man 2007/2/16 page 234 CHAPTER 4 Vector Spaces To crtcze mathematcs for ts abstracton s to mss the pont entrel. Abstracton s what makes mathematcs work. Ian Stewart The man am of ths tet s to stud lnear

More information

The Quadratic Trigonometric Bézier Curve with Single Shape Parameter

The Quadratic Trigonometric Bézier Curve with Single Shape Parameter J. Basc. Appl. Sc. Res., (3541-546, 01 01, TextRoad Publcaton ISSN 090-4304 Journal of Basc and Appled Scentfc Research www.textroad.com The Quadratc Trgonometrc Bézer Curve wth Sngle Shape Parameter Uzma

More information

A Note on Bound for Jensen-Shannon Divergence by Jeffreys

A Note on Bound for Jensen-Shannon Divergence by Jeffreys OPEN ACCESS Conference Proceedngs Paper Entropy www.scforum.net/conference/ecea- A Note on Bound for Jensen-Shannon Dvergence by Jeffreys Takuya Yamano, * Department of Mathematcs and Physcs, Faculty of

More information

INVARIANT STABLY COMPLEX STRUCTURES ON TOPOLOGICAL TORIC MANIFOLDS

INVARIANT STABLY COMPLEX STRUCTURES ON TOPOLOGICAL TORIC MANIFOLDS INVARIANT STABLY COMPLEX STRUCTURES ON TOPOLOGICAL TORIC MANIFOLDS HIROAKI ISHIDA Abstract We show that any (C ) n -nvarant stably complex structure on a topologcal torc manfold of dmenson 2n s ntegrable

More information

The Parity of the Number of Irreducible Factors for Some Pentanomials

The Parity of the Number of Irreducible Factors for Some Pentanomials The Party of the Nuber of Irreducble Factors for Soe Pentanoals Wolfra Koepf 1, Ryul K 1 Departent of Matheatcs Unversty of Kassel, Kassel, F. R. Gerany Faculty of Matheatcs and Mechancs K Il Sung Unversty,

More information

The Minimum Universal Cost Flow in an Infeasible Flow Network

The Minimum Universal Cost Flow in an Infeasible Flow Network Journal of Scences, Islamc Republc of Iran 17(2): 175-180 (2006) Unversty of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104 http://jscencesutacr The Mnmum Unversal Cost Flow n an Infeasble Flow Network H Saleh Fathabad * M Bagheran

More information

Google PageRank with Stochastic Matrix

Google PageRank with Stochastic Matrix Google PageRank wth Stochastc Matrx Md. Sharq, Puranjt Sanyal, Samk Mtra (M.Sc. Applcatons of Mathematcs) Dscrete Tme Markov Chan Let S be a countable set (usually S s a subset of Z or Z d or R or R d

More information