Comparative Studies of Law of Conservation of Energy. and Law Clusters of Conservation of Generalized Energy

Transcription

1 Comparatve Studes of Law of Conservaton of Energy and Law Clusters of Conservaton of Generalzed Energy No.3 of Comparatve Physcs Seres Papers Fu Yuhua (CNOOC Research Insttute, Abstract: As No.3 of comparatve physcs seres papers, ths paper manly dscusses the comparatve studes between the orgnal law of conservaton of energy and the Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters; and based on the multform laws of conservaton of energy, the concept of "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" s presented. In whch, any physcal quantty can be regarded as "generalzed energy", and any physcal formula and equaton can be transformed nto law of conservaton, therefore all the physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons can be classfed as "physcal law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" (sometmes t can be smplfed to "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy"). Whle n law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy, there are some source laws. Accordng to the source law, some related laws as well as formulas and equatons can be derved, for example, law of gravty and Newton's second law can be derved wth law of conservaton of energy; thus "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" can be smplfed to "law clusters of physcal source law". As the number of source laws n the law clusters s reduced to some degree, all the laws of physcs are able to be wrtten on a T-shrt wth the form of "the smplest law clusters of physcal source law". In order to deal wth the practcal problems, "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law" can be eatablshed. Keywords: Comparatve physcs, comparatve study, law of conservaton of energy, generalzed energy, law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy, law clusters of physcal source law, the smplest law clusters of physcal source law, varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law Introducton In reference [1], the concept of comparatve physcs s proposed. As No.3 of the seres papers of comparatve physcs, ths paper manly dscusses the comparatve studes between the orgnal law of conservaton of energy and the Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters; and based on ths, the concepts of generalzed energy, law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy, law clusters of physcal source law, the smplest law clusters of physcal source law, varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law, and the lke, are presented. 1 The same ponts of law of conservaton of energy and other physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons The frst same pont: they belong to the most mportant contents n modern physcs. The second same pont: they are all wdely used n physcs. Moreover, n many cases they are used smultaneously. For example, as determnng 1

2 the orbt of alpha partcle scatterng, law of conservaton of energy and law of conservaton of angular momentum are used smultaneously. The dfferent ponts of law of conservaton of energy and other physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons The frst dfferent pont: the law of conservaton of energy s derved by the tme translaton-nvarant, the law of conservaton of momentum s derved by the space translaton-nvarant, and the law of conservaton of angular momentum s derved by the space rotaton-nvarant; smlarly, other physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons are also correspondng to some nvarances. However, t s never questoned that whether or not these nvarances can be tenable at the same tme. The second dfferent pont: n the felds of natural scence, the law of conservaton of energy s the most mportant and the most wdely used law, whle the other laws as well as formulas and equatons are not so mportant and far-reachng. In fact, law of conservaton of energy has been the cornerstone of all natural scences. It s wdely used n physcs, chemstry, bology and other felds. However, for law of conservaton of momentum, law of conservaton of angular momentum, and the lke, besdes the feld of physcs, they almost cannot be used n other felds. 3 Comparatve studes between the orgnal law of conservaton of energy and the Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters, and the concept of law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy One of the trends of scence development s applyng the least amount of laws as well as formulas and equatons to solve the problems as many as possble. And people have been hopng that, all the laws as well as formulas and equatons can be ntegrated nto a unfed model. As the frst step, based on creatng generalzed and hybrd set and lbrary wth Neutrosophy and Quad-stage method n reference [], the concept of Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters s presented n reference [3]. There are varous ways and means to form Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters. For example, Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters can be consdered as the "total-lbrary", and conssts of several "sub-lbrares". In whch, t s very mportant to add the operatng functon nto Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters, for nstance, accordng to "natural scence computer nformaton lbrary clusters", and applyng "varaton prncple of lbrary (or sub-lbrary)", partal and temporary unfed theory of natural scence so far wth dfferent degrees can be establshed. Smlarly, n reference [4], the comparatve lterature s expanded nto Comparatve Scences Clusters (ncludng comparatve socal scences clusters, comparatve natural scences clusters, comparatve nterdscplnary scences clusters, and so on). Among them, comparatve natural scences clusters nclude: comparatve mathematcs, comparatve physcs, comparatve chemstry, comparatve medcne, comparatve bology, and so on.

3 By comparson we can fnd that, wth the same method to establsh "Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters" and "Comparatve Scences Clusters", the orgnal law of conservaton of energy can be expanded nto "Law Clusters of Conservaton of Generalzed Energy". Of course, we can also say that, as the practcal applcaton of "Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters", "Law Clusters of Conservaton of Generalzed Energy" can be establshed. It should be noted that, n "Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters", the concept of "lbrary" s expanded from the concepts of "set" and the lke. To compare wth and refer to ths way, n the scope of physcs, the law of conservaton of energy can be expanded n two drectons. energy". The frst drecton: the concept of "energy" can be expanded nto "generalzed In reference [5], takng nto account that the mass and the electrc charge can be converted nto energy, therefore the three concepts of energy, mass and electrc charge can be summed up as "Multform Energy" takng energy as the core, n order to co-ordnate the three basc conservaton laws n modern chemstry: law of conservaton of mass, law of conservaton of energy, and law of conservaton of electrc charge. Smlarly, any physcal quantty can be regarded as "generalzed energy", therefore the concept of "energy" can be expanded nto the concept of "generalzed energy" takng energy as the core. The second drecton: all the physcal laws of conservaton can be wrtten as the form that rght sde of the expresson s equal to zero, then all the physcal formulas and equatons can be also converted to the laws of conservaton that rght sde s equal to zero. In reference [5], law of conservaton of energy can be wrtten as the followng form that rght sde of the expresson s equal to zero F1 0 (1) where: F 1 E const Smlarly, all the physcal laws of conservaton can be wrtten as the form of Eq.(1). And all the physcal formulas and equatons can be also converted to the laws of conservaton that rght sde s equal to zero wth the form of Eq.(1). For example, n reference [6], wth the help of the equaton derved by Prof. Hu Nng accordng to general relatvty, and Bnet s formula, we derved the followng mproved Newton's formula of unversal gravtaton GMm 3G M mp F () 4 r c r where: G s gravtatonal constant, M and m are the masses of the two objects, r s the dstance between the two objects, c s the speed of lght, p s the half normal chord for the object m movng around the object M along wth a curve, and the value of p s gven by: p a (1-e ) (for ellpse), p a (e -1) (for hyperbola), p = y /x (for parabola). Ths formula can gve the same results as gven by general relatvty for the problem 3

4 of planetary advance of perhelon and the problem of gravtatonal defecton of a photon orbt around the Sun. It can be wrtten as the followng form F 0 (3) GMm 3G M mp where: F F 4 r c r Accordngly, all the physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons can be converted to the laws of conservaton that rght sde s equal to zero, and classfed as "physcal law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" (sometmes t can be smplfed to "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy"). However, n such "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy", there are too many laws of conservaton (namely laws as well as formulas and equatons). So we must try to reduce the number of laws of conservaton n "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy". By comparson we can fnd that, n the law clusters, there are some source laws, and accordng to the source law, some related laws as well as formulas and equatons can be derved, for example, n references [7,8], law of gravty and Newton's second law can be derved wth law of conservaton of energy; thus, "law of conservaton of energy" should be consdered as a source law, and law of gravty and Newton's second law should be wthdrew form "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" and put nto the sub-lbrary of law of conservaton of energy; n ths way, "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" can be smplfed to "law clusters of physcal source law". As the number of source laws n the law clusters s reduced to some degree, all the laws of physcs are able to be wrtten on a T-shrt wth the form of "the smplest law clusters of physcal source law". By extenson, n the whole sphere of natural scence, we can treat any natural scence quantty as "generalzed energy", and all laws as well as formulas and equatons of natural scence can be converted to the laws of conservaton that rght sde s equal to zero, and form "natural scence law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy". Smlarly, n order to reduce the number of the laws of conservaton n the clusters, we can fnd some source laws, and put the related laws as well as formulas and equatons nto the sub-lbrary of the source law; and form "law clusters of natural scence source law". As the number of source laws n the law clusters s reduced to some degree, all the laws of natural scence are able to be wrtten on a T-shrt wth the form of "the smplest law clusters of natural scence source law". 4 Varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law To compare wth and refer to "partal and temporary unfed varatonal prncple of natural scence so far" proposed n reference [9], the followng "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of natural scence source law" can be presented NATURE n 1 W F d m 1 W ' S mn (5) j j 0 where: the subscrpt NATURE denotes that the sutable scope s all of the problems of 4

5 natural scence, all of the equatons F 0 denote so far dscovered (derved) all of the equatons related to natural scence, all of the equatons S 0 denote so far dscovered (derved) all of the soltary equatons related to natural scence (ts meanng can be found n reference [9]), W and W j ' are sutable postve weghted constants, and mn 0 denotes mnmum and ts value should be equal to zero. In varatonal prncple Eq.(5), f changng the subscrpt NATURE nto PHYSICS, changng F 0 nto so far dscovered (derved) all of the smplest physcal source laws, and changng S 0 nto so far dscovered (derved) all of the soltary equatons related to the smplest physcal source laws, thus t gves "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law". Smlarly, f the dscussng felds are lmted wthn chemstry, bology, and the lke, then we can present "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of chemstry source law", "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of bology source law", and the lke. As for the applcaton of "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcal source law" and the lke, please refer to references [7-9]. 5 Conclusons In comparatve physcs, wth comparatve method, we can dscuss the comparatve studes between the orgnal law of conservaton of energy and the Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters; and based on the multform laws of conservaton of energy, the concept of "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" s presented. In whch, any physcal quantty can be regarded as "generalzed energy", and any physcal formula and equaton can be transformed nto law of conservaton, therefore all the physcal laws as well as formulas and equatons can be classfed as "physcal law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" (sometmes t can be smplfed to "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy"). In order to reduce the number of laws of conservaton n the clusters, we can fnd several source laws, accordng to the source law, some related laws as well as formulas and equatons can be derved, for example, law of gravty and Newton's second law can be derved wth law of conservaton of energy; thus, "law of conservaton of energy" should be consdered as a source law, and law of gravty and Newton's second law should be wthdrew form "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" and put nto the sub-lbrary of law of conservaton of energy; n ths way, "law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy" can be smplfed to "law clusters of physcal source law". As the number of source laws n the law clusters s reduced to some degree, all the laws of physcs are able to be wrtten on a T-shrt wth the form of "the smplest law clusters of physcal source law". By extenson, we can create "natural scence law clusters of conservaton of generalzed energy", "law clusters of natural scence source law", "the smplest law clusters of natural scence source law", and so on. In order to facltate dealng wth practcal problems, to compare wth and refer to "partal and temporary 5

6 unfed varatonal prncple of natural scence so far" proposed n reference [9], the so-called "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of natural scence source law" can be presented. If the dscussng felds are lmted wthn physcs, chemstry, bology, and the lke, then we can present "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of physcs source law", "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of chemstry source law", "varatonal prncple of the smplest law clusters of bology source law", and the lke. References 1 Fu Yuhua. Expandng Comparatve Lterature nto Comparatve Scences Clusters wth Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method, Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 1, 016, 118~11 Fu Yuhua, Creatng Generalzed and Hybrd Set and Lbrary wth Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method, Chapter 15, Handbook of Research on Generalzed and Hybrd Set Structures and Applcatons for Soft Computng, Sunl Jacob John, IGI Global, 016, 308~30 3 Fu Yuhua. Computer Informaton Lbrary Clusters, to be publshed. 4 Fu Yuhua. Expandng Comparatve Lterature nto Comparatve Scences Clusters wth Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method, Neutrosophc Sets and Systems, Vol. 1, 016, 118~11 5 Fu Yuhua. Comparatve Studes of Laws of Conservaton of Mass, Energy, and Electrc Charge, and Multform Laws of Conservaton of Energy and the lke No. of Comparatve Chemstry Seres Papers, vxra number: , Fu Yuhua, Improved Newton s formula of unversal gravtaton, Zranzazh (Nature Journal), 001(1), Fu Yuhua, New Newton Mechancs Takng Law of Conservaton of Energy as Unque Source Law, Scence Journal of Physcs, Volume 015, Artcle ID sjp-130, 1 Pages, 015, do: /sjp/130 8 Fu Yuhua. New Newton Mechancs and Related Problems, LAP LAMBERT Academc Publshng, Fu Yuhua. Unfed Theory of Natural Scence so far and FTL Problems, Proceedngs of the Frst Internatonal Conference on Superlumnal and Instantaneous Physcs, Edtor: Florentn Smarandache. Educaton Publsher, 014, 58~8 6