6.3 Vectors in a Plane
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1 6.3 Vectors in a Plane Plan: Represent ectors as directed line segments. Write the component form of ectors. Perform basic ector operations and represent ectors graphically. Find the direction angles of ectors. Use ectors to model and sole real-life problems. Homework: P 433 #3-102 (by 3 s) Vectors Used to represent quantities that hae both magnitude and direction. directed line segment terminal point - denotes magnitude or length of the segment initial point 1
2 Vectors Lower case bold letters are used to represent ectors. Two directed line segments (ectors) are equialent if they hae the same magnitude (length) and the same direction. Writing Vectors in Component Form Gien initial point P(p 1, p 2 ) and terminal point Q(q 1, q 2 ) the magnitude (length) of a unit ector has a magnitude of 1. if then is a unit ector 2
3 Writing Vectors in Component Form Examples Gien the initial and terminal points, respectiely #11 #8 Equialent Vectors Hae same length Hae same slope y (0, 4) (3, 3) 1 x (0, 5) 3
4 Vector in Standard Position can be uniquely represent by the coordinates y (2, 5) x Component Form just like an ordered pair but different notation! Zero Vector both the initial and the terminal point are at (0, 0) 0 Vector Operations Scalar Multiplication - k Algebraically k where k is a constant Geometrically 2 4
5 Vector Operations Vector addition-adding two ectors Geometrically Algebraically Gien: u Then: u+ u Examples of Vector Operations Use the figure to sketch a graph of the specified ector: #14 3 #16 u #18 u (1/2) 5
6 Examples of Vector Operations #26 Find u+ u 2u 3 4u gien: u and Properties of Vector Addition These properties are fairly intuitie! 6
7 Unit Vectors a ector with a magnitude of one that is in the same direction as a non-zero ector. unit ector = changed the "scale" to 1 unit! Writing Unit Vectors #40 Standard Unit Vectors i j "i" "j" form y 2 the unit ectors can be used to represent any ector. = 1 i+ 2 j the scalars, 1 and 2 are the horizontal and ertical components of. 1 j = 1 i+ 2 j is called a linear combination. i x 7
8 Writing a Linear Combination write in "i" "j" form Gien the initial and terminal points, respectiely #54 #52 Operations with Vectors in i j form #29 Gien: u= i + j =- 2i-3j find: u+ u- 2u-3 +4u 8
9 Direction Angles We'e seen directions of ectors but we hae not talked about how to measure the direction! Gien: u θ gies direction of the ector How do we determine θ? θ ector Finding Component Form of a Vector = cosθi + sinθj #64 =-4i-7j Finding Direction Angles Find the magnitude and direction of the ector #61 =8(cos135 o i + sin135 o j) = cosθi + sinθj 9
10 Writing Vectors with magnitude and direction #70 #71 and is in the same direction as u= i + 3j = cosθi + sinθj Writing Vectors #76 find the component form of the sum of u and with direction angles θ u and θ. 10
11 Group Challenge #77 Use the Law of Cosines to find the angle α between the ectors. = i + j, w = 2( i - j ) Answer: o Applications of Vectors Resultant Force Find the angle between the forces gien the magnitude of their resultant. ( Hint: Write force 1 as a ector in the direction of the positie x-axis and force 2 as a ector at an angle with the positie x-axis.) #82 Force 1: 3000 pounds Force 2: 1000 pounds Resultant Force: 3750 pounds. 11
12 Applications of Vectors #84 Velocity A gun with a muzzle elocity of 1200 feet per second is fired at an angle of 4 o with the horizontal. find the ertical and horizontal components of the elocity. Applications of Vectors #86 Tension the cranes shown in the figure are lifting an object that weights 20,240 pounds. Find the tension in the cable of each crane. (How much of the 20,240 pounds is each crane lifting?) 12
13 Applications of Vectors #90 Naigation A commercial jet is flying from Miami to Seattle. The Jet's elocity with respect to the air is 580mph (air speed) and its bearing is 332 o. The wind at the altitude of the plane, is blowing from the southwest with a elocity of 60mph. (a) Draw a figure that gies a isual representation of the problem. (b) Write the elocity of the wind as a ector in component form. (c) Write the elocity of the jet relatie to the air as a ector. (d) What is the speed of the jet with respect to the ground (e) What is the true direction of the jet? Mar 27 9:29 AM 13
14 Key Concepts Gien: Initial Point (a 1, b 1 ) and Terminal Point (a 2, b 2 ) Component Form: = a 2 - a 1, b 2 - b 1 = a, b I/J Form (Linear Combination): = ai + bj Magnitude: Direction: V = Mar 27 9:16 AM 14
15 Mar 27 9:19 AM 15
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