555 Timer. Digital Electronics
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1 555 Timer Digial Elecronics
2 This presenaion will Inroduce he 555 Timer. 555 Timer Derive he characerisic equaions for he charging and discharging of a capacior. Presen he equaions for period, frequency, and duy cycle for a 555 Timer Oscillaor. Going Furher. Deail he operaion of a 555 Timer Oscillaor. Derive he equaions for period, frequency, and duy cycle for a 555 Timer Oscillaor. 2
3 Wha is a 555 Timer? The 555 imer is an 8-pin I ha is capable of producing accurae ime delays and/or oscillaors. In he ime delay mode, he delay is conrolled by one exernal resisor and capacior. In he oscillaor mode, he frequency of oscillaion and duy cycle are boh conrolled wih wo exernal resisors and one capacior. This presenaion will discuss how o use a 555 imer in he oscillaor mode. 3
4 apacior capacior is an elecrical componen ha can emporarily sore a charge (volage). The rae ha he capacior charges/discharges is a funcion of he capacior s value and is resisance. To undersand how he capacior is used in he 555 Timer oscillaor circui, you mus undersand he basic charge and discharge cycles of he capacior. 4
5 apacior harge ycle Equaion for harging apacior apacior is iniially discharged. Swich is moved o posiion. apacior will charge o +2 v. apacior will charge hrough he 2 KΩ resisor. ( ) ( - e -/ ) Final Iniial Iniial + Where : Final Iniial The volage across he capacior The volage across he capacior ha is fully charged ny iniial volage across he capacior as i begins o charge 5
6 apacior Discharge ycle Equaion for Discharging apacior ( ) ( -/ e ) Where : Final Iniial Iniial Final The volage across he capacior apacior is iniially charged. Swich is moved o posiion. apacior will discharge o +0 v. apacior will discharge hrough he 3 KΩ resisor. The volage across he capacior ha is fully discharged ny iniial volage across he capacior as i begins o discharge 6
7 apacior harge & Discharge 2 v 20 msec 5 Time 0 v Swich has been a posiion for a long period of ime. The capacior is compleely discharged. Swich is moved o posiion. The capacior charges hrough he 2KΩ resisor. Swich is moved back o posiion. The capacior discharges hrough he 3KΩ resisors. 7
8 lock Diagram for a 555 Timer cc (8) Discharge (7) onrol olage (5) - OMP Flip-Flop T Threshold olage (6) + ESET Q + OMP2 SET Q Oupu (3) Trigger olage (2) - 8 Ground () ese (4)
9 Schemaic of a 555 Timer in Oscillaor Mode 5 ols Discharge N/ Threshold / Trigger.666 Oupu Ground N/ 9
10 555 Timer Design Equaions : alculaions for he Oscillaor s Time THE OUTPUT IS WHILE THE PITO IS HGING THOUGH +. 5v v c.666 v 0 v Oupu ( )
11 555 Timer Design Equaions : alculaions for he Oscillaor s Time THE OUTPUT IS WHILE THE PITO IS DISHGING THOUGH. 5v v c.666 v 0 v Oupu 0.693
12 555 Timer Period / Frequency / D Period: T T T ( + ) [ ( + ) ] + [ ] ( + 2 ) Duy ycle: D D D T ( + ) ( + 2 ) ( + ) ( + 2 ) % 00% 00% Frequency: F F T ( 2 ) + 2
13 Example: 555 Oscillaor Example: For he 555 Timer oscillaor shown below, calculae he circui s, period (T), frequency (F), and duy cycle (D). 3
14 Example: 555 Oscillaor Soluion: 390 Ω 80 Ω 6.8 µ Period: T T T msec ( + 2 ) ( 390Ω Ω) 6.8µ F F Frequency: Duy ycle: F T F msec F Hz ( + ) D 00% ( + 2 ) ( 390 Ω + 80 Ω) D ( 390 Ω Ω) D 76% 00% 4
15 Example: Example: 555 Oscillaor For he 555 Timer oscillaor shown below, calculae he value for & so ha he oscillaor has a frequency of % duy cycle. 5
16 Example: 555 Oscillaor Soluion: Frequency: T 400µ Sec f 2.5 khz T µ Sec T ( + 2 ) ( + 2 ) 0.47µ f 400µ Sec 400µ Sec Ω µ f Duy ycle: ( + ) ( + 2 ) ( + ) 0.6 ( + 2 ) + 0.6( + 2 ) D % 60% +.2 Two Equaions & Two Unknowns! 6
17 Example: 555 Oscillaor Soluion: Frequency: Duy ycle: Ω Ω Subsiue and Solve for Ω Ω Subsiue and Solve for Ω ( Ω) Ω Ω Ω Ω 7
18 Going Furher 555 Oscillaor Deail nalysis 8
19 Deail nalysis of a 555 Oscillaor 5v v c.666 v 0 v ESET SET Q T ON OFF Q 9
20 Deail nalysis of a 555 Oscillaor 5v v c.666 v 0 v ESET SET Q T ON OFF Q 20
21 Deail nalysis of a 555 Oscillaor 5v v c.666 v 0 v ESET SET Q T ON OFF Q 2
22 Deail nalysis of a 555 Oscillaor 5v v OUTPUT IS WHILE THE PITO IS HGING THOUGH +. c.666 v 0 v ESET SET Q T ON OFF OUTPUT IS WHILE THE PITO Q IS DISHGING THOUGH. 22
23 555 Timer Design Equaions : alculaions for he Oscillaor s Time ( ) - e ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 2 3 Final Iniial - e - e - e - e Iniial 3 2 ln - e 2 ( 2) e ( + ) ln e 23
24 555 Timer Design Equaions : alculaions for he Oscillaor s Time e ( ) ( 3 ) 2 0 ( 3 ) 2 e Iniial Final e e e 2 ln e ( 2) ln e
25 555 Timer Period / Frequency / D Period: T T T ( + ) [ ( + ) ] + [ ] ( + 2 ) Duy ycle: D D D T ( + ) ( + 2 ) ( + ) ( + 2 ) % 00% 00% Frequency: F F T ( 2 ) + 25
Timer 555. Digital Electronics
Timer 555 Digial Elecronics This presenaion will Inroduce he 555 Timer. 555 Timer Derive he characerisic equaions for he charging and discharging of a capacior. Presen he equaions for period, frequency,
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