PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B)

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Bridget Wiggins
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1 SIMPLE PENDULUM OF Period depends on length of pendulum Length increase, period increase To investigate the relationship between period and length of pendulum MV : length of pendulum RV : period FV : angle of oscillation Two pieces of plywood, thread, retort stand, meter rule, pendulum bob, stop watch 2. The bob is tied with a thread of length, l=10.0 cm. 3. The bob is pulled sideway with an angle 45 0 and released. 4. The time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t is measured using stop watch. t10 5. Period of oscillation is calculated using the formula, T The experiment is repeated using different length of pendulum which are 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm and 50.0 cm. Length, l (cm) Period, T (s) Period, T (s) Length, l (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_1

INERTIA OF Inertia depends on mass mass increase, period increase To investigate the relationship between period and mass MV : mass RV : period FV : length of hacksaw blade G-clamp, jigsaw blade,

2 INERTIA OF Inertia depends on mass mass increase, period increase To investigate the relationship between period and mass MV : mass RV : period FV : length of hacksaw blade G-clamp, jigsaw blade, plasticine, triple beam balance, stop watch g of plasticine is fixed at one end of a jigsaw blade. 3. Displace the blade horizontally and release so that it oscillates. 4. The time taken for 10 complete oscillations, t is measured using stop watch. t10 5. Period of oscillation is calculated using the formula, T The experiment is repeated using different mass of plasticine which are 40 g, 60 g, 80 g and 100 g. Mass, m (g) Period, T (s) Period, T (s) Mass, m (g) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_2

3 VELOCITY OF Velocity depends on height Height increase, velocity increase To investigate the relationship between height and velocity MV : height RV : velocity FV : length of runway Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power supply, wood blocks, meter rule 2. The runway is raised up by wooden blocks to a height 20.0 cm. 3. Switch on the ticker-timer and released the trolley. 4. The final velocity, v is calculated from the ticker-tape when the trolley reach the end of the runway. 5. The experiment is repeated by rising the runway and placing the trolley at height 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm and 60.0 cm. Height, h (cm) Velocity, v (ms -1 ) Velocity, v (ms -1 ) Height, h (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_3

4 ACCELERATION (I) ARRANGEMEN T OF Acceleration depends on mass mass increase, acceleration decrease To investigate the relationship between mass and acceleration MV : mass // number of trolley RV : acceleration FV : force acting on the object Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power supply, wood blocks, meter rule, elastic cord, weighing scale 2. Switch on the ticker-timer. Apply a force by stretching an elastic band to a fixed length and the length is maintain as the trolley runs down the runway. 3. Cut the ticker tape into strips containing 10 ticks each. 4. Acceleration of the trolley is calculated by using the formula, v u a t 5. The experiment is repeated by using 2 trolleys, 3 trolleys, 4 trolleys and 5 trolleys. Mass of trolley, m (g) or No. of trolley Accelerations, a (ms -2 ) Accelerations, a (ms -2 ) Mass of trolley, m (g) or No. of trolley Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_4

5 ACCELERATION (II) ARRANGEMEN T OF Force depends on acceleration force increase, acceleration increase To investigate the relationship between force and acceleration MV : force RV : acceleration FV : mass of the object Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, a.c. power supply, wood blocks, meter rule, elastic cord 2. Switch on the ticker-timer. Apply a force by stretching an elastic band to a fixed length and the length is maintain as the trolley runs down the runway. 3. Cut the ticker tape into strips containing 10 ticks each. 4. Acceleration of the trolley is calculated by using the formula, v u a t 5. The experiment is repeated by using 2 cords, 3 cords, 4 cords and 5 cords. Force, F (N) Accelerations, a (ms -2 ) Accelerations, a (ms -2 ) Force, F (N) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_5

6 HOOKE S LAW (EXTENSION OF THE SPRING) OF Extension of the spring depends on force / weight force / weight increase, extension of the spring increase To investigate the relationship between extension of the spring and force / weight MV : force / weight RV : extension of the spring FV : spring constant / diameter of the spring Spring, slotted weight, retort stand, meter rule, clamp 2. Measured the initial length of the spring, l o. 3. Slotted weight of 20 g is hung from the spring. The length of the spring, l is record. 4. The extension of the spring, x is calculated by using the formula, x l l o 5. The experiment is repeated by using slotted weight 40 g, 60 g, 80 g and 100 g. Mass of load (g) Force, F (N) Extension of the spring, x (cm) Extension of the spring, x (cm) Force, F (N) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_6

7 SOLID PRESSURE (FORCE & PRESSURE) OF Pressure depends on surface area The smaller the surface area the greater the pressure (depth of sinking) To investigate the relationship between surface area and pressure (depth of sinking) MV : surface area RV : depth of sinking FV : Weight / force / mass Plasticine, slotted weight, wooden rod and meter rule 2. Start the experiment with a wooden rod has surface area 1 cm Placed the load of mass 200 g on the top of wooden rod as shown on diagram. 4. Measure the depth of sinking made on the plasticine by using meter rule. 5. Repeat the experiment 4 times with surface area of rod 2 cm 2, 3 cm 2, 4 cm 2 and 5cm 2. Surface area, A (cm 2 ) Depth of depression, d (cm) Depth of depression, d (cm) Surface area, A (cm 2 ) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_7

8 LIQUID PRESSURE (DENSITY & PRESSURE) OF Pressure depends on density of liquid density increase, different height in manometer increase To investigate the relationship between density and different height in manometer MV : density of liquid RV : different height in manometer FV : depth of liquid Meter rule, manometer, rubber tube, thistle funnel, measuring cylinder, thin rubber sheet, salt water, coloured solution, retort stand 2. The thistle funnel is lowered into the salt water with density 0.5 gcm -3 at a depth 20.0 cm. 3. Observed and measure the different level, h at manometer through meter rule. 4. The experiment is repeated by using different density of salt water which are 1.0 gcm -3, 1.5 gcm -3, 2.0 gcm -3 and 2.5 gcm -3. Density, ϸ (gcm -3 ) Different level, h (cm) Different level, h (cm) Density, ϸ (gcm -3 ) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_8

LIQUID PRESSURE (DEPTH & PRESSURE) OF Pressure (different height in manometer) depends on depth of liquid depth increase, pressure (different height in manometer) increase To investigate the

9 LIQUID PRESSURE (DEPTH & PRESSURE) OF Pressure (different height in manometer) depends on depth of liquid depth increase, pressure (different height in manometer) increase To investigate the relationship between depth of liquid and pressure (different height in manometer) MV : depth of liquid RV : different height in manometer FV : density of liquid Meter rule, manometer, rubber tube, thistle funnel, measuring cylinder, thin rubber sheet, salt water, coloured solution, retort stand 2. The thistle funnel is lowered into the salt water with density 0.5 gcm -3 at a depth 0.5 cm. 3. Observed and measure the different level, h at manometer through meter rule. 4. The experiment is repeated by lowered the thistle funnel at different depth which are 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.5 cm. Depth, y (cm) Different level, h (cm) Different level, h (cm) Depth, y (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_9

10 BUOYANT FORCE OF buoyant force depends on volume of water displaced volume of water displaced increase, buoyant force increase To investigate the relationship between volume of water displaced and buoyant force MV : volume of water displaced (height of rod immersed) RV : buoyant force FV : density of liquid, cross-sectional area of rod Meter rule, retort stand, spring balance, aluminium rod, beaker, water, string 2. Record the weight of the aluminium rod in the air as W o from the spring balance. 3. The aluminium rod is slowly lowered into water until height of rod immersed is h = 2.0 cm. 4. Record the reading of spring balance as W. 5. Buoyant force is calculated by using formula, F b = W o W 6. The experiment is repeated by lowered the aluminium rod at different height which are 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm, 8.0 cm and 10.0 cm. height of rod immersed, h (cm) Buoyant force, N Buoyant force, N Height of rod immersed, h (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_10

BUOYANT FORCE (VOLUME WATER DISPLACED) OF volume of water displaced depends on weight weight increase, volume of water displaced increase To investigate the relationship between weight and volume of

11 BUOYANT FORCE (VOLUME WATER DISPLACED) OF volume of water displaced depends on weight weight increase, volume of water displaced increase To investigate the relationship between weight and volume of water displaced MV : weight RV : volume of water displaced FV : density of liquid, cross-sectional area of tube Test tube, measuring cylinder, sand, water, beam balance, ball bearing 2. Record the volume of water, V 1 a shown by the measuring cylinder. 3. Put 5 g of ball bearing in the test tube. 4. Record the volume of water as a V Calculated the volume of water displaced, V = V 2 V 1 6. The experiment is repeated by using different mass of ball bearing which are 10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g. Mass of ball bearing, g Weight, N Volume of water displaced, cm 3 Volume of water displaced, cm 3 Weight, N Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_11

12 HEAT (COOLING RATE) OF Rate of cooling depends on volume of water Volume of water increase, rate of cooling increase To investigate the relationship between rate of cooling and volume of water MV : volume of water RV : temperature change FV : time taken, power of heater Thermometer, beaker, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, water, stopwatch, measuring cylinder 2. Filled 50 cm 3 of water into a beaker and heated to 50 o C. 3. The bunsen burner is removed and the stopwatch is started. 4. Record the temperature change, Ѳ after 30 seconds. 5. The experiment is repeated by using different volume of water which are 100 cm 3, 150 cm 3, 200 cm 3 and 250 cm 3. Volume of water, cm Temperature change, Ѳ, o C Temperature change, Ѳ, o C Volume of water, cm 3 Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_12

13 HEAT (BOILING POINT) OF Boiling point depends on mass of impurity Mass of impurity increase, boiling point increase To investigate the relationship between mass of impurity and boiling point MV : mass of impurity RV : boiling point FV : power of heater, volume of water Salt, water, immersion heater, thermometer, beaker, power supply 2. Add 5 g of salt into the beaker with 500 ml of water. 3. Switch on the immersion heater until the water is boiling with a constant temperature. 4. Record the boiling point using thermometer. 5. The experiment is repeated by adding mass of salt, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g. Mass of salt, g Boiling point o C Boiling point o C Mass of salt, g Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_13

14 HEAT (HEAT CAPACITY) OF Temperature depends on mass mass increase, temperature decrease To investigate the relationship between mass of object and temperature MV : mass of liquid RV : increase in temperature FV : time taken of heating, specific heat capacity of liquid Beaker, polystyrene cup, slotted weight, Bunsen burner, thermometer, water, tripod stand 2. Fill a polystyrene cup with 200 cm 3 of water. The initial temperature, Ѳ 1 is recorded. 3. A 100 g slotted weight is heated in boiling water until 100 o C. 4. The slotted weight is quickly transferred from beaker to the polystyrene cup. 5. The highest temperature reached, Ѳ 2 is recorded. 6. The rise in temperature is determined by using the formula Ѳ = Ѳ 2 Ѳ The experiment is repeated by using slotted weight of mass 200 g, 300 g, 400 g and 500 g. Mass, m (g) Temperature change, Ѳ, ( o C) Temperature change, Ѳ, ( o C) Mass, m (g) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_14

GAS LAW (BOYLE S LAW) OF volume of air depends on pressure of air volume of air increase, pressure of air decrease To investigate the relationship between volume of air and pressure of air MV :

15 GAS LAW (BOYLE S LAW) OF volume of air depends on pressure of air volume of air increase, pressure of air decrease To investigate the relationship between volume of air and pressure of air MV : volume of air RV : pressure of air FV : mass of air, temperature of air Syringe, rubber tube, Bourdon gauge, piston 2. Piston is push until the volume of air is 80 cm Observed and record the pressure of air through bourdon gauge. 4. The experiment is repeated by pushing the piston at different volume of air which are 70 cm 3, 60 cm 3, 50 cm 3 and 40 cm 3. Volume of air, V (cm 3 ) Pressure of air, P (Pa) Pressure of air, P (Pa) Volume of air, V (cm 3 ) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_15

16 GAS LAW (CHARLES LAW) OF Volume of air depends on temperature temperature increase, volume of air increase To investigate the relationship between volume of air and temperature MV : temperature RV : volume of air (length of air column) FV : mass of air, pressure of air Thermometer, meter rule, retort stand, concentrated sulphuric acid, water, rubber bands, capillary tube, Bunsen burner, wire gauge 2. Heat the water and stir continuously until the temperature reaches 30 o C. 3. Observed and record the length of air column, L using meter rule. 4. The experiment is repeated by heating the water to temperature 40 o C, 50 o C, 60 o C and 70 o C. Temperature, o C Volume of air, cm Volume of air, cm 3 Temperature, o C Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_16

GAS LAW (PRESSURE LAW) OF pressure of air depends on temperature of air temperature of air increase, pressure of air increase To investigate the relationship between pressure of air and temperature

17 GAS LAW (PRESSURE LAW) OF pressure of air depends on temperature of air temperature of air increase, pressure of air increase To investigate the relationship between pressure of air and temperature of air MV : temperature of air RV : pressure of air FV : mass of air, volume of air Bourdon gauge, round bottom flask, rubber tube, thermometer, water, bunsen burner, wire gauge 2. Heat the water and stir continuously until the temperature reaches 30 o C. 3. Observed and record the pressure of air using bourdon gauge. 4. The experiment is repeated by heating the water to temperature 40 o C, 50 o C, 60 o C and 70 o C. Temperature of air, o C Pressure of air, Pa Pressure of air, Pa Temperature of air, o C Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_17

$LIGHT (REFRACTION) OF Angle of refraction depends on angle of incidence Angle of incidence increase, angle of refraction increase To investigate the relationship between angle of incidence and angle$

18 LIGHT (REFRACTION) OF Angle of refraction depends on angle of incidence Angle of incidence increase, angle of refraction increase To investigate the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction MV : Angle of incidence RV : angle of refraction FV : refractive index of glass block, density of the glass block Glass block (or semicircular glass block), ray box, protractor, white paper, pencil, meter rule, single slid slide 2. Direct a narrow beam from the ray box at an angle of incidence, i = The refracted ray is marked and the refracted angle, r is measured using a protractor. 4. The experiment is repeated for values of i = 20 0, 30 0, 40 0 and Angle of incidence, i ( 0 ) Angle of refracted, r ( 0 ) Angle of refracted, r ( 0 ) Angle of incidence, i ( 0 ) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_18

19 LIGHT (IMAGE DISTANCE) OF Image distance depends on object distance Object distance increase, image distance decrease To investigate the relationship between object distance and image distance MV : object distance RV : image distance FV : focal length of convex lens, power of lens Convex lens (focal length 10.0 cm), light bulb, lens holder, screen, power supply, meter rule 2. Placed the convex lens at a distance, u = 12.0 cm from the light bulb. 3. Switch on the power supply. The screen is adjusted until sharp image of the filament is formed. 4. The image distance, v is measured using meter rule. 5. The experiment is repeated for object distance, u = 16.0 cm, 20.0 cm, 24.0 cm and 28.0 cm. object distance, cm image distance, cm image distance, cm object distance, cm Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_19

INTERFERENCE OF SOUND Keyword : a x D λ = distance between two speakers = distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound = distance between the source and sound heard = wavelength OF x depends

20 INTERFERENCE OF SOUND Keyword : a x D λ = distance between two speakers = distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound = distance between the source and sound heard = wavelength OF x depends on a a increase, x decrease To investigate the relationship between a and x MV : a, distance between two speakers RV : x, distance between two consecutive loud or soft sound FV : D, distance between the speakers and the sound heard Audio signal generator, loudspeakers, meter rule 2. Adjust the separation, a of the two loudspeakers to 1.0 m 3. Switch on the generator. 4. An observer stands 5.0 m in front of the loudspeakers and walk in a straight line parallel to the loudspeakers. 5. The distance between two consecutive loud sounds heard, x is measured by the meter rule. 6. Repeat the experiment by adjusting the distance between two loudspeakers which is 1.2 m, 1.4 m. 1.6 m and 1.8 m. Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_20

21 Distance, a/m Distance, x/m PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_21

WAVE (DEPTH AND WAVELENGTH) depth affects wavelength Depth increases, wavelength increases To investigate the relationship between depth and wavelength MV : depth, h or number of Perspex RV :

22 WAVE (DEPTH AND WAVELENGTH) depth affects wavelength Depth increases, wavelength increases To investigate the relationship between depth and wavelength MV : depth, h or number of Perspex RV : wavelength, λ FV : frequency d.c. power supply, ripple tank and accessories, lamp, meter rule, white paper, 5 pieces of Perspex / glass, stroboscope OF 1. The current was switched on. 2. The put one piece of Perspex in the ripple tank. 3. Mark the position of wave on the white paper as seen through the Stroboscope. 4. Measure the wavelength with meter rule. 5. The procedure was repeated for different depth by putting pieces of Perspex on top of the previous Perspex in the ripple tank; 2,3,4 and 5 number of Perspex. Depth / cm or number of Perspex Wavelength / cm Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_22

23 ELECTRICITY (RESISTANCE AND LENGTH OF WIRE) (I) PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B) OF Resistance depends on the length of wire The longer the wire, the higher the resistance To investigate the relationship between length of wire and its resistance MV : length of wire, l RV : resistance, R FV : cross section area, A // diameter of wire Constantan wire, dry cells, rheostat, voltmeter, ammeter, meter rule, connecting wires, switch and jockey 1. Turn on the switch. 2. Place the jockey at length of wire, l = 20.0 cm. 3. Adjust the rheostat until the ammeter shows, I = 0.5 A. 4. Measure the potential difference, V. 5. Calculate resistance, R using the formula, R = V/I. 6. Repeat the experiment for different lengths, l = 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and cm. length of wire, l / cm resistance, R / Ω Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_23

24 ELECTRICITY (RESISTANCE AND LENGTH OF WIRE) (II) PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B) OF Resistance depends on length of conductor Length of conductor increase, resistance increase To investigate the relationship between resistance and length of conductor MV : length of conductor RV : resistance FV : cross-sectional area of the conductor, diameter of the conductor, resistivity of the conductor, temperature Dry cell, switch, ammeter, constantan wire, voltmeter, wire connecting, meter rule 1. Switched on the switch and start the experiment with length of constantan wire with length 10.0 cm as shown on diagram above. 2. Observe and record the reading of ammeter and voltmeter. V 3. Resistance is calculated by using the formula R. I 4. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different length of constantan wire which are 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm cm and 30.0 cm. Length, l (cm) R (Ω) R (Ω) Length, l (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_24

25 ELECTRICITY (OHM S LAW) OF The current flowing through the bulb is influenced by the potential difference across it The higher the current flows through a wire, the higher the potential difference across it. To investigate the relationship between current and potential difference for a constantan wire. MV : current, I RV : potential difference, V FV : length of the wire // cross sectional area Constantan wire, dry cells, rheostat, voltmeter, ammeter, meter rule, connecting wires 1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure. 2. Turn on the switch and adjust the rheostat so that the ammeter reads the current, I= 0.2 A. 3. Read and record the potential difference, V across the wire through voltmeter. 4. Repeat experiment for I = 0.3 A, 0.4 A, 0.5 A and 0.6 A. Current, I /A Volt, V / V Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_25

26 ELECTROMAGNETISME (CURRENT AND NO. OF TURNS) PLANNING EXPERIMENT (SECTION B) OF Strength of the magnetic field depends on current When current increase, number of paper clips attracted increase To investigate the relationship between current and number of paper clips attracted MV : Current, I RV : Number of paper clips attracted, N FV : Number of turns of wire in the solenoid Long iron rod, wooden clamp, insulated (PVC) copper wire, low-voltage high current d.c supply, ammeter, rheostat, retort stand, paper clips, beaker 1. Arrange the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. 2. The switch is closed and the rheostat is adjusted so that the current, I = 0.5 A. 3. The beaker is withdrawn and the current is switch off. 4. The paper clips which fall onto the table a collected and counted. 5. The experiment is repeated with different value of currents which is I = 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A and 2.5 A. Current, I / A Number of paper clips attracted, N Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_26

27 ELECTROMAGNETISME (INDUCED CURRENT) OF Induced current depend on the height of magnet bar release The induced current increases when the height of magnet bar release increases To investigate the relationship between height of magnet bar release and the induced current. MV : height of magnet bar release RV : induced current FV : number of the turns in the coils. Bar magnet, cardboard tube, ammeter, insulated copper wire and meter rule. 2. Release the bar magnet at height, h = 5.0 cm above the top end of the solenoid. 3. Observe and record the reading of induced current through the ammeter. 4. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different height of magnet bar release which are 10.0 cm, 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm and 25.0 cm. height of magnet bar release, h (cm) induced current, I (A) I (A) h (cm) Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_27

28 ELECTROMAGNETISME (TRANSFORMER) OF Output voltage depends on the number of turns of wire in the secondary coli The number of turns of wire in the secondary coil increase, output voltage increase To investigate the relationship between output voltage and the number of turns of wire in the secondary coil MV : number of turns of wire in the secondary coil RV : output voltage FV : number of turns of wire in the primary coil ac voltage, primary coil, secondary coil, soft iron core, output voltage, number of turns of secondary coil, number of turns of primary coil 1. Use 900 turns copper coil as the primary coil and 100 turns of secondary coil of the transformer. 2. The switch is on and the output voltage is measured by using a voltmeter. 3. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different number of turns of secondary coil which are 200 turns, 300 turns, 400 turns and 500 turns. Ns V (V) V (V) Ns Awesome physics is around you*alina iman arif_28

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

3.5 PHYSICS (232) 3.5.1 Physics Paper 1 (232/1) SECTION A (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 Figure 1 shows part of the main scale and vernier scale of a vernier