Path Loss in Macrocells Comparison of Hata s Model and Lee s Model

Transcription

1 WRLSS COMMUCATOS TCHOLOGS Rugs Uivsiy, Dam o lial ad Comu giig Cous umb: 6:33:559: Advad Tois i Commuiaio giig Posso: aaya Madayam Lu 3 & 4 Ja 3h & Fb 4h, Summay by ig Li Pah Loss i Maolls Comaiso o Haa s Modl ad L s Modl Th Pah losss usig Haa s Modl ad L s Modl a lod i h Figu ad Figu, wh h aams usd a: Cai Fquy: 9MHz BS High: 7 m MS High: 5 m 8 O Aa Sububa Lag Ciy 6 Pah Loss db Log Disa i km Figu : Pah Loss obaid by usig Haa s Modl

2 8 6 sa O Aa Sububa Philadhia wak Toyko Pah Loss db Log Disa i km Figu : Pah Loss obaid by usig L s Modl 5 Pah Loss i Miolls Mos o h uu PCS miollula sysms a xd o oa i 8 MHz quy bads Som sudis hav suggsd ha h ass losss xid a 9MHz a aoximaly db lag ha hos a 9MHz wh all oh aams a k osa Th COST3 COST is a igovmal amwok o uoa Co-oaio i h ild o Siii ad Thial Rsah sudy has suld i wo modls o uba Miollula oagaio, COST3 Haa Modl ad COST3 Walish-kgami Modl COST3 Haa Modl Th COST3 Haa Modl xds Haa ad Okumua modl o 5 MHz wh i is kow ha Haa ad Okumua modl ud simas h ah loss Th aams usd o COST3 Haa Modl a: Cai Fquy: 5 MHz BS High: 3 m MS High: m

3 Disa d: km Th ass loss a b xssd as L A Blog d C Wh A 3 339log 38 log B C 3 46 hb a hm log hb Mdium iy ad sububa aas wih mod a dsiy Fo mooli a s Alhough boh h Okumua ad Haa ad h COST3 Haa Modl a limid o BS aa highs ga ha 3m, hy a b usd o low BS aa highs ovidd ha h suoudig buildigs a wll blow h BS aa Thy should o b usd o di ass loss i uba ayos Th COST3 Haa Modl is good dow o a ah lgh o km should o b usd o small ags, wh ah loss boms highly dd o h loal oogahy COST3-Walish-kgami Modl Th COST3-Walish-kgami Modl is aliabl o ass wh h BS aas a ih abov o blow h oo os aks io aou aams suh as oo highs, s widhs, ad oad oiaio wih s o adio ah Th modl woks bs wh h BS aas a muh high ha h o o h oo is o vy aua wh h BS aas a abou h sam high as h o o h oo is oo wh h BS aas a muh low ha h o o h oo baus i dos osid wav guidig i s ayos ad diaio a s os Pah loss i s Miolls Two-Slo Modl Fo ags lss ha 5m ad aa high lss ha m, som miial masums hav show ha h ivd sigal sgh o LOS oagaio alog iy ss a b aualy dsibd by h wo-slo modl Wh µ log d A d / g a b dbm d: Disa i ms A: Cosa a ad b: aams ha l ah losss agig om sa o high Fo disa los io h BS, sa oagaio will vail so ha a A lag disas, a ivs-ouh o ighh ow law is xid so ha b ags om o 6 o ha a ad b a b gaiv valu 3

4 g: bak oi aam, ags 5 3m Bakoi ous wh h Fsl zo bw h wo aas us ouhs h goud assumig a la sua This disa is λ λ 4 g Σ Σ λ Wh Σ h b h m h b h m Fo high quis his disa a b aoximad as g 4h b h m / λ dds o quy, wih h bakoi a 9GHz big abou wi ha o 9 MHz Th modl aams obaid by Haly a lisd i h ollowig abl, Bas Aa High m a b Bak oi g m Co Wh MS ouds a s o as show i Figu 3, LOS hags o LOS his as, avag sigal sgh a do by 5 3dB ov disas as small as m o low aa highs i aa wih mulisoy buildig, ad by 5 3dB ov disas o 4 5 m o low aa highs i a gio wih oly o- o wo- soy buildig This is alld Co Figu 3: Th o i a s mioll viom Gimlud ad Gudmudso hav oosd a miial s o ah loss modl Thi modl assums LOS oagaio uil h MS ahs a s o Th LOS 4

5 oagaio a oudig a s o is modld by assumig LOS oagaio om a imagiay asmi ha is load a h s o havig a asmi ow qual o h ivd ow a h s o om h svig BS Th ivd sigal sgh i dbm is giv by A log d d a b d d / g µ A log d > d a b a b d d / g d d d d / g Wh d : h disa bw h svig BS ad h o d: h disa bw BS ad MS Small-Sal Fadig Small-sal adig is usd o dsib h aid luuaio o h amliud o a adio sigal ov a sho iod o im o avl disa, so ha lag-sal ah loss s may b igod Th s o lig obs ad sas i h hal a a osaly hagig viom ha dissias h sigal gy i amliud, has ad im Ths s sul i mulil vsios o h asmid sigals o aiv a h iv ah is disod i amliud, has ad agl o aivals o h ha agl mas h diio o h aivals Th adom has ad amliud o h di muliah omos auss luuaios i sigal sgh, hby iduig small-sal adig obs i h adio hal a i moio, hy idu a im vayig Dol shi o muliah omos h suoudig obs mov a a ga a ha h mobil, h his domias h small-sal adig Ohwis, moio o suoudig obs may b igod, ad oly h sd o h mobil d b osidd ow l s osid a wo dimsio modl A MS movig alog h x axis wih vloiy v, as dis i Figu 4, Figu 4: A yial la wav omo iid o a MS iv Th h la wav aivs a h MS aa wih a agl o iid θ Th MS movm iodud a Dol quy shi io h iid la wav, giv by 5

6 wh v m osθ os Hz, λ D, θ λ is h wavlgh o h aivig la wav Pla wavs aivig om h diio o moio will xi a osiiv Dol shi, whil hos aivig oosi om h diio o moio will xi a gaiv Dol shi Cosid h asmissio o h bad-ass sigal { } s R u, wh u is h omlx low-ass sigal h a wavs aiv a h iv, h h ivd bad-ass sigal is { } x R, wh h ivd omlx low-ass sigal is giv by wh [ ] D, D, α u α is h amliud assoiad wih h h ah, is h dlay assoiad wih h h ah Th ivd omlx low-ass sigal a b wi as α u [ D, D, wh ] is h has assoiad wih h h ah So h hal a b modld by a im-vaia il ha havig omlx low-ass imuls sos, α δ wh, is h hal sos a im a a iu a im Tyially, D, is vy lag, a small hag i h ah dlay auss a lag hag i has A ay im hs adom hass may sul i h osuiv o dsuiv addiio o h omos Th amliuds α dd o h oss sioal aa o h h sa o h lgh o h h diaig sua Howv, hs quaiis do o hag sigiialy ov small saial disas Tho, adig is imaily du o im vaiaios i h adom hass ha a auss by h Dol shis D, Rivd Sigal Colaio ad Sum is aa ha h di quy omos i a sigal will b ad dily by h small-sal adig hal Howv, o aow-bad sigals wh h sigal badwidh is vy small omad o h ai quy, i suis o div h haaisis o h ivd omlx low-ass sigals by osidig h, 6

7 7 asmissio o a umodulad ai Fo a umodulad ai, h ivd omlx low-ass sigal is α Si { } x R, h ivd bad-ass sigal a b xssd i h quadau om x si os wh os α si α Fo lag, h al limi hom a b ivokd so ha h quadau omos ad a b ad as idd Gaussia adom osss Assumig ha hs adom osss a wid ss saioay i, D D,,, α α, ad, ad assumig ha x is wid ss saioay, h auoolaio o x is xx x x si os si [ ]os [ ] [ o ha is asoabl o assum ha h hass { } a idd si hi assoiad dlays ad Dol shis a idd Fuhmo, assum uiom disibud ov [ ], Th auoolaio uio o is [ ] os os os ] [, α α θ D i i i wh [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] x α is h oal avag ivd ow om all muliah omos Si m D θ os,, h auoolaio a b wi as

8 θ m θ Likwis, h ossolaio is [ [ os os ] θ Two-Dimsio sooi Saig ] [ si osθ ] m Clak was h is o suggsd ha θ is uiomly disibud ov [,], ha is wavs aiv wih qual obabiliy om all diios This is alld -D sooi Saig Modl Wih h sooi Saig Modl, w a wi h auoolaio o as os m osθ dθ os m siθ θ d J m Wh J x is h zo-od Bssl uio o h is kid Likwis, w a wi h ossolaio uio as si os m θ dθ Th Pow sal dsiy is m S 4 m / m ohwis Si w hav [ * ] 8

9 9 { } { } xx R R Also o ha * ad i x is al, * ω ω X X ollows h PSD o x is [ ] * xx S S S Th omalizd PSD is lod agais h omalizd quy di i Figu 5, Fquy Di -/m omalizd PSD db Figu 5: PSD o h ivd bad-ass sigal o a isooi saig hal Rivd vlo Rayligh Fadig

10 is a omlx Gaussia oss Th qusio is, o lag, wha is h vlo look lik? Th vlo z has a Rayligh disibuio a ay im, x x x x z x x x x, σ σ / wh [ z ] σ is h avag ow This y o adig is alld Rayligh adig alis o ay saio wh h is o LOS ah bw h asmi ad iv aas Th squa vlo x x z wh h ma ow is Ria Fadig Z is xoially disibud a ay im, x, Wh h is a LOS omo i addiio o LOS ommoly i miollula vioms, h h omlx vlo has a Ria Disibuio a ay im, x x s xs z x x o x, σ σ σ Wh s α os θ α si θ α is h o-aliy aam, is h modiid Bssl uio o h od, s K haaizs h ow i di ah o all h ow i o di ah σ Wh K h hal xhibis Rayligh adig, K h hal dos o xhibi adig Fo a Ria disibud vlo, h avag ow is [ z ] s σ ad K s, σ, K K hs aams omlly dsib h Ria Fadig, x K K x x K K z x K x x akagami Fadig Th akagami modl is a modl uly basd o miial, o o hysis Bu i is kow ha i ovids a los mah o som ximal daa ha ih h Rayligh, Ria o log-omal disibuios

11 Th akagami disibuio dsibs h ivd vlo z by h disibuio m m m x mx z x x m, m Γ m Wh [ z ] This is alld al χ disibuio wih m dgs o dom Th akagami disibuio is o usd o modl muliah-adig o h ollowig asos Fis, h akagami dsibuio a modl adig odiios ha a ih mo o lss sv ha Rayligh adig Wh m, h akagami disibuio boms h Rayligh disibuio Wh m/, i boms a o-sidd Gaussia disibuio, ad wh m, i boms a imuls o adig Sod, h Ria disibuio a b aoximad by usig h ollowig laioshi, m m K m > m m m K m K Si h Ria disibuio oais a Bssl uio whil h akagami disibuio dos o, h akagami disibuio o lads o losd om aalyial xssios ad isighs ha a ohwis uaaiabl Fquy-Sliv Fadig Chal Small-sal adig osidd ill ow assums ha all quis i h asmid sigal a ad similaiy by h hal, i is alld Fquy o-sliv o aow Bad Fadig h ag i h oagaio ah dlays is lag omad o h ivs sigal badwidh, h h quy omos i h asmid sigal will xi di has shis alog di ahs Ud his odiio h hal iodus amliud ad has disoio io h mssag wavom Suh a hal is said o xhibi quy-sliv adig Righ ow w us osid Wid Ss Saioay Uolad Saig WSSUS hals Ths hal dislay uolad saig i boh im-dlay ad Dol shi Foualy, may adio hals a b aualy modld as WSSUS hal Rall, h hal imuls sos is, Diiio Pow Dlay Poil Muliah siy Poil is did as, [, *, ] givs ou h avag ow a h hal ouu as a uio o im dlay A yial ow dlay oil is show i Figu 6,

12 Figu 6: A yial Pow Dlay Poil Avag Dlay, did as, d µ d 3 RMS Dlay Sad, did as σ µ d d Wh o idoos, h od o RMS dlay sad is aosods, i is miosods o oudoos Rs [] G Sub, Piils o Mobil Commuiaio, Kluw Aadmi Publishs, Boso, 996 [] T Raao, Wilss Commuiaios: Piils ad Pai, Pi-Hall, J, 996 [3] P Haly, Sho Disa Auaio Masums a 9MHz ad 8GHz Usig Low Aa Highs o Miolls, Joual Sld Aas o Commuiaio, Vol 7, 5-, Ja 989 [4] O Gimlud ad B Gudmudso, Hado Sagis i Miollula Sysms, Vhiula Thology Co, Sai Louis, MO, 55-5, May 99