12.2 Acceleration. You will need a calculator today!
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1 12.2 Acceleration You will need a calculator today!
2 Acceleration Acceleration A vector that changes speed or direction or both. When a object changes velocity Measured in m/s 2 Acceleration may be positive, negative or zero. o o o Positive acceleration causes an object to speed up Negative acceleration causes an object to slow down Zero acceleration is an object is at rest or moving with constant speed or velocity
3 How is acceleration occurring??
4 Calculating Acceleration Acceleration = Change in velocity Time Acceleration a = (VF VI) t V F = final velocity V I = initial velocity t = time
5 Acceleration Example #1 A ball at rest, on the top of a ramp, starts rolling down the ramp. After 2 seconds, its velocity is 6 m/s. What is the acceleration of the ball?
6 Acceleration Example #2 While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the automobile s acceleration?
7 Acceleration Example #3 A parachute on a race car opens and changes the speed of the car from 50 m/s to 15 m/s in a period of 7.3 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car?
8 Acceleration Example #4 A rocket, starting from rest, is used to lift a satellite into orbit undergoes a constant acceleration of 6.25 m/s 2. When the rocket reaches an altitude of 45,000 m above the surface of Earth, it is traveling at a velocity of 625 m/s. How long does it take for the rocket to reach this speed?
9 Acceleration Example #5 A car has a uniformly accelerated motion of 5 m/s 2. Find the speed acquired in 4 seconds if starting from rest.
10 Objects in Free Fall Question: Do these objects speed up as they fall? Person jumping out of a plane (Parachuting)? The Drop Zone at Kings Island?
11 Objects in Free Fall Question: Which object will hit the ground first? Are they speeding up?
12 Free Fall Galilei Galileo 1600 s Studied how things fell Didn t have a good clock Rolled balls down an inclined plane Found that the speed increased as it rolled down the ramp 1st person to explain acceleration of moving objects and falling bodies.
13 Galileo Free Fall Acceleration Due to the Earth s Gravity When dropped, these two different masses will fall with the same acceleration!
14 Free Fall - Falling Objects Free Fall When gravity is the only force acting on an object (free fall acceleration) is directed toward the center of the earth. For free fall, it is customary to use the letter g to represent the acceleration because the acceleration is due to gravity. Although g varies slightly in different parts of the world, its average value is nearly 9.8 m/s 2 (This number is VERY important, remember it!!)
15 Free Fall All objects fall at the same rate If you drop a coin and a feather at the same time you will notice that the coin reaches the ground way before the feather. Why??? However, if you were to take the air out of the container (vacuum) you would find that the coin and feather fall together and hit the bottom at the same time!
16 Free Fall Air Resistance In Air: A stone falls faster than a feather Air resistance affects stone less In a Vacuum: A stone and a feather will fall at the same speed.
17 Videos e=related
18 Free Fall Summary The constant acceleration of an object moving only under the force of gravity is "g". The acceleration caused by gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 If there was no air (Vacuum), all objects would fall at the same speed Doesn t depend on mass
19 Speed-Time Graph The slope of a speed-time graph equals the acceleration of the object
20 Speed-Time Graph What is the acceleration of A? What is the acceleration of B? What is the acceleration of C?
21 Question #1 Describe three types of changes in velocity, which creates acceleration. 1. Change in speed 2. Change in direction 3. Change in both 12.2 Assessment
22 12.2 Assessment Question #2 What is the equation for acceleration? a = (VF VI) t
23 Question #3 What shows acceleration on a speed-time graph? The slope 12.2 Assessment
24 Question #4 What is the acceleration of an object moving at a constant speed? 0 m/s Assessment
25 Question #5 What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity? 9.8 m/s Assessment
Galileo. t = 0 t = 1 second t = 2 seconds t = 3 seconds
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