ENERGY. Physical Science 1st Semester NAME: CLASS PERIOD: TEACHER: PAGE NUMBERS. HW POINTS EARNED Energy Vocabulary 1 /5 DUE DATE

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1 ENERGY Physical Science 1st Semester NAME: CLASS PERIOD: TEACHER: ASSIGNMENT PAGE NUMBERS DUE DATE HW POINTS EARNED Energy Vocabulary 1 /5 LAB POINTS EARNED Learning Targets: Forces 2-3 /5 K.E. and G.P.E. Calculations 4-5 /5 Additional Practice: Kinetic and Potential 6-7 /5 Energy WebQuest 8-9 /10 Energy Conversions /5 Energy Resources Reading Worksheet /5 Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy Notes /5 Energy Review /5 TOTALS /40 /10

2 Term What do you think this means? Definition Picture Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy Law of Conservation of Energy Energy Transformation (Conversion) Energy Transfer Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Nuclear Energy Thermal Energy 1

3 Answer the following questions to identify your level of understanding: Learning Targets: 1 Below Standard 2 Approaching Standard 3 At Standard 4 Above Standard What is kinetic energy (KE)? Give an What is the mass of a motorcycle that example of an object with kinetic has 102,406 J of energy and is energy. traveling at 30 m/s? A. I can explain and calculate the kinetic energy of an object Activities/Vocabulary What is the formula for calculating KE? Suppose a.10 kg bird is flying at a constant speed of 8 m/s, what is the bird s KE? (4-step method) A 5 kg ball is dropped and falls freely through the air. How much KE would the object have after 7 seconds? (Hint: how fast is it going after 7 seconds?) B. I can explain and calculate the potential energy of an object What is potential energy (PE)? Give examples of the different types of potential energy. What is the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy (GPE)? Calculate the GPE of a diver at the top of a 10 m high diving platform and has a mass of 50.0 kg. How high does a 1.5 kg ball have to be elevated for it to have 312 J of energy? How much more energy does a 53 kg person have at the top of 74.8 m high building then he does on the third floor which is only 14.9 m above the ground? Activities/Vocabulary C. I can explain and cite example of energy transfers & transformations support the law of conservation of energy. What is the difference between an energy transfer and transformation? Give an example of an energy transfer that helped you get to school today. Be sure to include the initial and final forms of energy as well as the location of the transformation. Since energy is conserved, explain why a Newton s cradle eventually comes to rest. Is there an input of energy from outside of the earth? If so, what is it and why is it important? If not, how does the Earth get its energy? Activities/Vocabulary 2

4 Learning Targets: 1 Below Standard 2 Approaching Standard 3 At Standard 4 Above Standard D. I can explain and cite examples of the various types of energy Name at least 3 different types of energy and provide an example of Explain which types of energy are associated with each of the following Give two examples of each type of energy listed below: Give an example and explain how an object could have both potential and where they could be found. examples: Mechanical kinetic energy at the same time. Campfire Electromagnetic Sunlight Electrical Lightning Nuclear Chemical Thermal Activities/Vocabulary E. I can describe the pros and cons of various types of renewable and non-renewable resources. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Give 2 examples of each type. Oil, natural gas, and coal are fossil fuels formed from the remains of once living organisms. Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable resources if organisms are still dying? What is one potential benefit and one potential consequence for each type of renewable and non-renewable energy sources? If you were a city energy planner responsible for informing citizens about how to avoid energy shortages, what are three things you could suggest to your citizens to help? Activities/Vocabulary Extension Question: Which energy resource do you feel that we should invest in? Describe your reasoning. Discuss your choice and reasoning with an adult and ask them their opinion on this matter. Summarize both of your opinions below in 5-6 sentences. 3

5 K.E. and G.P.E. Calculations K.E. = ½ m v 2 P.E. = m g h 1. What is the GPE of a 2 kg gnome that is 5 m above the floor? 2. What is the GPE of a 3 kg vampire bat that is hanging 2 m above the dusty floor? 3. Joe throws a 4 kg stone straight up and it reaches a height of 5 m. What is its GPE at its highest point? 4. Which has more GPE, a 6 kg ball at 6 m or a 7 kg rock at 5 m in height? 5. What is the KE of a 4 kg giant cockroach crawling towards you at 3 m/s? 4

6 6. What is the KE of an 8 kg possum being tossed at a speed of 5 m/s? 7. What has more KE, a 3 kg fairy at flying 5 m/s or a 2 kg pixie at 8 m/s? 8. What has more energy, a 2 kg cannon ball at 10 m/s or a 2 kg brick 5 m above the ground? Super Bonus Question: A 250 kg tiger is loping along at a speed of 2 m/s. It sees a delicious antelope and accelerates at a rate of 2.5 m/s 2 for three seconds. What is its KE after the three second acceleration? 5

7 ADDITIONAL PRACTICE: KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY Determine whether the objects in the following problems have Kinetic or Potential Energy. Use the correct formula to calculate the answer. K.E. = P.E. = 1. You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2.1 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a speed of 30 m/s. The ball has energy. Calculate it. 2. A baby carriage is sitting at the top of a hill that is 21 m high. The carriage with the baby weighs 12 N. The carriage has energy. Calculate it. 3. A car is traveling with a velocity of 40 m/s and has a mass of 1120 kg. The car has energy. Calculate it. 4. A cinder block is sitting on a platform 20 m high. It weighs 79 N. The block has energy. Calculate it. 5. There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 45 m high. The bell weighs 190 N. The bell has energy. Calculate it. 6

8 6. A roller coaster is at the top of a 72 m hill and weighs 966 N. The coaster (at this moment) has energy. Calculate it. 7. The Times Square Ball is ready to drop on New Year s Eve. It has a mass of 5386 kg and is suspended 43 m above the crowds below. The ball has energy. Calculate how much energy it has. 8. What is the mass of an elephant that has 45,000 J of energy when it is moving 5.0 m/s? 9. How high does a 4.1 kg bald eagle have to be to have 1200 J of GPE? 10. On Saturn, what is the acceleration due to gravity (g) of a 3 kg object that has 135 J of PE at a height of 4.5 m? 11. How fast is a 2000 kg car moving to have J of KE? 12. If a kangaroo has 1500 J of energy at the top of its 3.2 m high jump, what is the mass of the kangaroo? 13. The Gryffindor Quidditch team is practicing for their upcoming match against Slytherin. Ginny shoots the 1.8 kg quaffle at 15 m/s toward the goals that her brother Ron is protecting. If she is 12.3 m above the ground when she shoots, what is the total energy of the quaffle right when it leaves her hand? 7

9 Purpose: To better understand what energy is and how it s used, and to learn to identify/recognize the 6 forms and 2 states that it can be found in. Background Information: Before you begin it s important to understand that you will be visiting several different websites. You need to type the website address exactly as printed, and complete each activity as specified. Procedure: Introduction to Energy 1. Visit the website: and go to Energy Skate Park. 2. Open Simulation 3. Click on Potential Energy Reference on the right hand side. 4. Drag the bottom of the track all the way down to ground level, and start the skater at the top very top of the track. 5. Click Show Grid 6. Click Show Pie Chart 7. What does the pie chart represent, and how does it change? 8. Click on the Energy vs. Position Button. 9. Sketch the energy vs. position graph for the skateboarder as he moves from the top left to the top right. Label KE, PE, and Total Energy 10. Show how you can calculate the potential energy of the skater at his maximum height (if you click choose skater at the top right it will tell you the mass of the skater). 11. Describe what happens to the Potential Energy of the skater at the bottom of the ramp? 12. Using the answer from number 10, calculate the speed of the skater at the bottom of the ramp. 8

10 13. What do you think will happen to the skater when you add friction? 14. Add friction. Describe the pie chart, and explain what happens to the skater: Were you right in number 12? Explain. 15. Pause the skater when he is at the bottom of the ramp (this might take a couple of tries). Click add friction and adjust the friction to lots and pause the skater at his new maximum height. Calculate the energy loss due to friction. 16. Keep the skater paused, clear the friction and click on the moon. How do you think this will affect the potential and kinetic energies of the skater? 17. Set the skater moving at the top of the ramp. 18. Calculate the Potential Energy at the top of the ramp, and also the velocity of the skater at the bottom of the ramp. 19. Sketch the energy vs. position graph showing KE, PE, and Total Energy. 20. How will the energies change on Jupiter? Verify by checking the graph, and make sure you started the skater at the top of the ramp. Gravitational Potential Energy and Kinetic energy: 1. Visit the website: 2. Read the paragraph and view the pendulum animation. 3. Sketch a simple picture of the pendulum below, and label (estimate) the percentage of KE & GPE at 5 different points during its swing. 4. What process does this animation demonstrate? 9

11 The diagrams in the table below represent objects in which energy conversions take place. Identify the type of energy that each object starts with, what type it is converted into, and one other example of that same type of conversion. Object Converted from Converted to Other example Light Bulb Talking on the phone Climbing a rope Campfire Airplane Bunsen burner Solar powered calculator 10

12 1. Electric motor Listening to a phone call Battery Hair dryer Plant growing Candle Tuning fork 11

13 Energy Resources Reading Worksheet Type of energy researched: Description: % of US consumption (how much does the United States use relative to other energy resources): Renewable or Nonrenewable and why: Where does this resource come from/where is it found: Describe ways we process this energy resource into energy we can use: Who uses this resource and for what purpose: 12

14 How is this resource transported (moved): What is the effect of using this resource on the environment (explain): Other important/interesting facts about this resource: Do you think the implementation of this resource would be beneficial? Why or why not? 13

15 Description Where do you find it? How do you use it? Who uses it and for what purpose? Effect of using it on the environment % of Energy used in US Notes Solar Hydropower Wind Biomass Geothermal 14

16 Description Where do you find it? How do you use it? Who uses it and for what purpose? Effect of using it on the environment % of Energy used in US Notes Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Uranium (Nuclear) Propane 15

17 Energy Review Please answer the following questions about energy. Use the 4 step method when applicable. 1. Define kinetic energy and give an example of something that has kinetic energy. 2. What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy? Calculate the kinetic energy of a 10 kg ball flying through the air with a speed of 6.2 m/s? 3. Calculate the kinetic energy of a kg plane flying at a speed of 800 m/s. 4. What is the mass of a person using 125 J of energy while walking 2 m/s? 5. Define potential energy and give an example of something that has potential energy. 6. What is the formula for calculating gravitation potential energy? Calculate the GPE of a 75 kg diver standing 12 m above a pool. 7. Calculate the potential energy of a kg plane that is flying 9000 m above the ground. 8. What is the height of a 4 kg ball that has J of potential energy? 9. What is the total energy of Hedwig when she is flying 14.3 m above the ground at a velocity of 8.2 m/s? Hedwig has a mass of 2.95 kg. 10. What is the difference between an energy transfer and an energy transformation? Give an example of each. 16

18 11. Give two examples of how energy transformations (conversions) helped you get to school today. 12. Since energy is conserved, explain why a pendulum stops swinging eventually. 13. Name the 6 forms of energy (besides kinetic and potential) and give an example of each. 14. Identify the type of energy in each of the following examples: sunlight, campfire, lightning, camp stove, a plant, hot water, food. Series Puzzles: The following puzzles are presented in word groups of four. You must circle the one word in each series that is not related to the remaining three words. 15. casting a fly fishing rod, throwing a baseball, a parked car, kinetic energy 16. losing PE, dropping a ball, a frog jumping up, a bird landing on the ground 17. renewable, polluting, natural gas, petroleum 18. energy can t be created, energy can t be destroyed, law of conservation of energy, energy can t be transferred 19. climbing stairs, gravitational potential energy, driving on a flat road, skydiving 20. KE = ½ mv 2, EPE = (m A g) h, GPE = w h, Joules 21. The PE and the KE of a block freely sliding down a ramp are shown at the top of the ramp. Fill in the missing PE and KE values at the halfway mark and at the bottom of the ramp. How much work was done to raise the block to the top of the ramp? PE = 90J 22. Fill in the blanks. PE= KE= PE= 1000J KE= KE = 0J PE = KE = 54J PE = KE = PE= KE= 800J PE= 0 KE= 1500J To do these two problems, remember that total energy must be the same at each point! Total Energy = PE + KE 17