ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES Series Editor: Antonino Zichichi

Transcription

1 Free Electron Lasers

2 ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES Series Editor: Antonino Zichichi European Physical Society Geneva, Switzerland (PHYSICAL SCIENCES) Recent va/urnes in the series: Volume 7 UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS I Edited by Sergio Ferrara, John Ellis, and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen Volume 8 Volume 9 CURRENT ISSUES IN QUANTUM LOGIC Edited by Enrico G. Beltrametti and Bas C. van Fraassen ENERGY DEMAND AND EFFICIENT USE Edited by Fernando Amman and Richard Wilson Volume 10 INTERACTING BOSE-FERMI SYSTEMS IN NUCLEI Edited by F. lac hello Volume 11 THE SOLUTION OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM IN GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION Edited by R. Cassin is Volume 12 NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS Edited by Ettore Fiorini Volume 13 UNCONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO FUSION Edited by B. Brunelli and G. G. Leotta Volume 14 MINIATURIZATION OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS DETECTORS Edited by A. Stefanini Volume 15 UNIFICATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE INTERACTIONS II Edited by John Ellis and Sergio Ferrara Volume 16 THE SEARCH FOR CHARM, BEAUTY, AND TRUTH AT HIGH ENERGIES Edited by G. Bellini and S. C. C. Ting Volume 17 PHYSICS AT LEAR WITH LOW-ENERGY COOLED ANTIPROTONS Edited by Ugo Gastaldi and Robert Klapisch Volume 18 FREE ELECTRON LASERS Edited by S. Martellucci and Arthur N. Chester A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

3 Free Electron lasers Edited by S. Martellucci CNEN-Euratom Frascati, Italy and Arthur N. Chester Hughes Aircraft Company EI Segundo, California Plenum Press New York and London

4 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Course on Physics and Technology of Free Electron Lasers of the International School of Quantum Electronics (7th: 1980: Erice, Italy) Free electron lasers. (Ettore Majorana international science series. Physical sciences; v. 18) "Proceedings of the Seventh Course on PhySics and Technology of Free Electron Lasers of the International School of Quantum Electronics, held August 17-29, 1980, in Erice, Sicily, Italy"-T.p. verso. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Free electron lasers-congresses. I. Martellucci, S. II. Chester, A. N. III. Title. IV. Series. TA1673.C ISBN-13: : / ' e-isbn-13: Proceedings of the Seventh Course on Physics and Technology of Free Electron Lasers of the International School of Quantum Electronics, held August 17-29, 1980, in Erice, Sicily, Italy 1983 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 PREFACE The volume contains the proceedings of the 7th Course on Physics and Technology of Free Electron Lasers of the International School of Quantum Electronics, which was held in Erice (Italy) from 17 to 29 August 1980, under the auspices of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The level of this Course was much closer to a workshop than to a school, and "Advances in Free Electron Lasers" might have been an appropriate title. Many of the world's leading scientists in the field (among them, the inventor of FEL, J.M.J. Madey) were brought together to review the accomplishments of FEL experiments, as well various trends in FEL theory. In editing this material we did not modify the original manuscripts except to assist in uniformity of style. The papers. are presented without reference to the chronology of the Course but in the following topical arrangement: A. "Fundamentals of free electron lasers," a group of tutorial papers; B. "Free electron lasers operating in the Compton regime," where theories and experiments of FELs based on Compton scattering are reviewed; C. "Free electron lasers operating in the Raman regime," a discussion of FELs based on Raman scattering; D. "Optical klystrons," where the possibility of this class of FEL is discussed from a theoretical viewpoint; E. "Accelerator and magnet technologies related to FEL design," where the technical state of the art is discussed in relation to proposed new FEL schemes; and, F. "Applications of FELs," (It is unfortunate that among the v

6 vi FOREWORD various informal contributions given at the Panel and Round Tables, only the application of FELs to photochemistry is reported here). Several reasons have prevented the inclusion of the contributions by some busy authors (C.D. Cantrell, Y. Farge and G.J. Yevick). A. Szoke's lectures were based o~ a paper already submitted for publication to another publisher and have not been included in these proceedings. The unexpected absence of Soviet scientists led the Course to be dominated by Western lectures. Before concluding, we acknowledge the invaluable help of Mrs. M. Fiorini for much of the organization of the Course. Our thanks are also due to the organizations who sponsored the School, especially the E. Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, whose financial support made this Course possible. The editing of these proceedings has been carried out at the Frascati CNEN Research Center, under the scientific supervision of Dr. Alberto Renieri. It has also been a pleasure to work with R.H. Andrews of Plenum Press in the preparation of this volume. Directors of the Int. School of Quantum Electronics: A.N. Chester Hughes Aircraft Company El Segundo, CA (USA) S. Martellucci Facolta di Ingegneria Universita di Napoli (Italy) December 16, 1980

7 CONTENTS FUNDAMENTALS OF FREE ELECTRON LASERS A Unified Linear Formulation and the Operating Parameters of Cerenkov-Smith-Purcell, Bremsstrahlung and Compton Scattering Free Electron Lasers A. Gover and P. Sprangle Physics of the Free Electron Laser C. Pellegrini Classical Trajectories and Coherent States of a Free Electron Laser R. Bonifacio, F. Casagrande and L.A. Lugiato FREE ELECTRON LASERS OPERATING IN THE COMPTON REGIME On the Theory of the Free Electron Laser. 139 G. Dattoli, A. Marino and A. Renieri Pulse Propagation and Laser Lethargy in the Free Electron Laser G.T. Moore and M.O. Scully Free Electron Laser Wave and Particle Dynamics W.B. Colson Analysis of the Single Pass Free Electron Laser: The Multimode Small Signal Regime... G. Dattoli, A. Marino and A. Renieri The Non-Linear Theory of the Free Electron Laser with Transverse Dimensional Effects.... P. Sprangle and Cha-Mei Tang vii

8 viii A Three Dimensional Calculation of Electron Energy Loss in a Variable Parameter Free-Electron Laser A. Luccio and C. Pellegrini An experiment on Free Electron Laser Efficiency Enhancement with a Variable Wiggler. H. Boehmer, M.Z. Caponi, J. Munch, G. Neil and N. Schoen Free Electron Laser Development Program at LASL R.W. Warren FELIX - A Proposed Experimental Facility for Free Electron Laser Investigations M.W. Poole CONTENTS The FEL-Microtron Activity at the CNEN Frascati Center G. Dattoli, A. Marino and A. Renieri Optimization of a Free Electron Laser for Far Infarared 311 E.D. Shaw and C.K.N. Patel The UCSB Free Electron Laser Experimental Program L.R. Elias Storage Ring Operation of Free Electron Laser G. Dattoli, A. Marino and A. Renieri Gain Expanded Free Electron Lasers. J.N. Eckstein Cancellation of Transverse Excitation in Gain Expanded Free Electron Lasers J.M.J. Madey An Introduction to the Theory of the Isochronous Storage Ring Laser D.A.G. Deacon FEL Activity in Frascati INFN National Laboratories S. Tazzari FREE ELECTRON LASERS OPERATING IN THE RAMAN REGIME High-Gain Millimeter and Submillimeter Free Electron Lasers.. V.L. Granatstein. P. Sprangle and R.K. Parker 501

9 CONTENTS ix Free Electron Lasers Based Upon Stimulated Raman Backstattering: A Survey T.C. Marshall A Free Electron Laser Experiment H. Boehmer, M.Z. Caponi and J. Munch OPTICAL KLYSTRONS The Optical Klystron for Coherent X-Ray Generation F. De Martini and J.A. Edighoffer Coherent Emission from a Bunched Electron Beam in a Wiggler I. Boscolo and V. Stagno ACCELERATOR AND MAGNET TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO FREE ELECTRON LASER DESIGN Fundamentals of Accelerators for Single-Pass Free Electron Lasers... A. Luccio Electrostatic Accelerator Free Electron Lasers L.R. Elias Periodic Magnets for Free Electron Lasers 633 M.W. Poole Technical Problems in the Construction of Wigglers and Undulators for Free Ele'ctron Lasers. A. Luccio 645 APPLICATIONS OF FREE ELECTRON LASERS Some Potential Applications of Free Electron Lasers to Photochemistry.. K.L. Kampa 669 INDEX 685