I think really just going over all the equations for each section and the basic theories. An equation sheet would be AWESOME!

Transcription

1 Review

2 From Warmup I think really just going over all the equations for each section and the basic theories. An equation sheet would be AWESOME! (Hasn t looked at the course website all semester.) This is today s agenda. Lots of request to cover things from the beginning of the year. I found it interesting that the semester went by so fast. It feels like it's only been a month, so I guess I've really just been travelling at 96% the speed of light. Hey! That means I really weigh less that I think I do! Good bye Freshman fifteen!

3 About the Final Problems are similar in difficulty and length to other exams. Format similar to previous exams, but longer. Multiple choice problems Warmup, conceptual questions Homework-type problems Cumulative. Roughly one homework problem for each major section of the course. Since the final is open book, you will be tempted to do the review while you take it. I would not recommend this. How to prepare

4 Preparing for the final Make a list of concepts Use these slides as a STARTING point How do concepts relate to one another? Review the equation sheet from last semester How do the equations relate to the concepts? Work through examples in the text Try it without looking at the answer first Peek at the answer second Carefully read the book s solution third Review old midterms (especially problems you missed) Review Homework (particularly the Extra-Problems )

5 Fluids Pascal s Law (changes in pressure transmitted through fluid) Archimedes Principle (buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid) Continuity equation (conservation of fluid) Bernoulli s equation (conservation of energy)

6 Thermodynamics Calorimetry (conservation of energy) Heat Capacity/Specific Heat Latent heat (phase transitions) Evaporative cooling Heat flow Convection Conduction Radiation

7 Thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics Heat Engines/Refrigerators/P-V Diagrams Efficiency Coefficient of performance (COP) Types of processes Isothermal Isobaric Isovolumetric Adiabatic Second law of thermodynamics Carnot engine/efficiency

8 Thermodynamics Macroscopic vs. Microscopic descriptions of a system Kinetic theory (temperature = average kinetic energy) Entropy Microstates / Macrostates Combinatorics (counting microstates) Temperature = (inverse) rate of change in entropy

9 Waves Wave equation/solutions Properties Amplitude Velocity Frequency Wavenumber Angular Frequency Waves carry energy

10 Complex Numbers Rectangular vs Polar representations Operations Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Complex Conjugate Absolute value Euler s Formula Used: Adding waves (super-position) Reflection/Transmission Optics (multiple slits)

11 Sound Sound Pressure wave/displacement Wave Intensity, Sound levels, Amplitude Harmonics, Beats, Standing Waves Boundary conditions Doppler Effect Moving source vs. moving observer Fourier Transforms

12 Geometric Optics Huygens Principle Law of Reflection Snell s Law Index of refraction Lenses, Mirrors Objects vs. Images Virtual vs. Real Upright vs. Inverted Magnification Aberrations Magnifier/Telescope Angular magnification

13 Wave Optics Waves in 3D Polarization (vector) Wave-vector (relation to velocity) Wave phase Optical path length Interference Multiple Slits Diffraction Gratings (many slits)

14 Relativity Time Dilation Length Contraction Space-time diagrams Events World lines Lorentz Transformations Energy and Momentum Relativistic momentum Energy/mass Relativistic mass vs. Rest mass

15 Topics and Relation to other courses Fluid Mechanics Physics 123 (Majors) Special Relativity Thermodynamics Math 352 Math Wave Mechanics We have covered a lot! You ve worked very hard. Optics

16 Thinking like a physicist You have been exposed to the topics of this course your entire life (fluids, heat, waves, light, maybe not relativity.) What could you possibly have left to learn? Physics is not so much a list of topics as a way of approaching problems Physics Education Research (PER) Most people think of the world in terms of Aristotelian physics Experience/Experiments -> Principles Principles allow us to extrapolate knowledge to new circumstances

17 Thinking like a physicist Contrast Physics 121 (Newtonian Physics algorithmic) Move beyond algorithmic problem solving into creative problem solving Ask: How do the principles determine the solution? Not: What are the mathematical steps to solve the problem? (These are secondary to our main purpose.) Analogy: We are building a scaffolding that you will fill in with Homework/Labs/other physics classes Solving problems vs. really DOING physics Think about the ideas and how they apply to real world scenarios. How do they relate to each other? What new problems does this principle let me solve? I teach them correct principles and they govern themselves -Joseph Smith

18 A problem you haven t seen before: Two slits are illuminated by coherent light and make an interference pattern on a distant screen. You know how to solve this problem. (Standard 2-slit interference) What happens if you put a lens between the slits and the screen? We never discussed this possibility in class or in homework. If this question on the final, your initial reaction would likely be: OMG, I have no idea how to do this Curse you, Dr. Transtrum! BUT, if you think about it for a few minutes, you could probably figure it out. After all, you know how lenses work, and you know how slits create interference patterns. Those are the ONLY principles involved. If you can imagine how those two different governing principles can be combined, you are well on your way to thinking like a physicist.

19 From Warmup Thank you for everything this semester :) This has been an interesting year. Thanks! Thanks! I ve enjoyed having you all in class this semester! Conclusion We ve covered a lot of material Fluids, Heat, Waves, Optics, Relativity We ve learned a lot of new math Complex Numbers, Fourier Transforms, Waves in 3D You ve done a lot of work. You ve all come a long way and should feel proud.