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Cecil Watkins
5 years ago
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12 S i = a b i A i r i i T avg T min T max T vit

17 e 2

18 e 2 (4/1.8) 2

19 ϕ inc ϕ diff m B λ = Λ(sin θ incident + sin θ diffracted ) m B λ Λ θ diffracted

20 F uel ext

21 Air Nozzle Fuel 1 Spark Vitiation Stage Second Stage Injector Fuel 2

22 (SNR) SNR σ t σ s σ d σ b σ r σ t σ 2 t = σ 2 s + σ 2 b + σ 2 d + σ 2 r, σ s S S σ s S R Q Q

23 S R S Q S = S R Q B σ b B τ B = Ḃτ τ > 700

24 τ

25 σ d σ d D τ D = Ḋτ σ 2 t = (QS R + QḂτ + Ḋτ) + σ2 r, S R

26 G σ 2 t = ( ) 2 2 N t σ 2 (QS R ) 2 s + ( ) 2 2 t σ 2 D 2 d + ( ) 2 2 t σ 2 (QB) 2 z

27 σ 2 t = G 2 QS R + G 2 QB + G 2 D + σ 2 r G σ 2 t = M 2 G 2 QS R + M 2 G 2 QB + M 2 G 2 D + σ 2 r M M SNR = MGQS R M 2 G 2 QS R + M 2 G 2 QB + M 2 G 2 D + σ 2 r M G F 2

28 SNR = QS R ( (QSR + QB + D) + σ r MG ) 2 G M σ r B 45

E B3 E N2 E CO2 E B4 E O2 E CO2 E B5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 γ δ 0 0 0 0 0 γ 1 δ 1 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 β α

33 E B3 E N2 E CO2 E B4 E O2 E CO2 E B γ δ γ 1 δ = β α β 1 α E B3 E N 2 E CO 2 E B4 E O 2 E CO 2 E B5 E i i E i i B i α β γ δ N 2 CO O 2 CO 2

34 α α = E O 2 E B4 E CO 2 E CO 2 = (E O2 E B4 ) + (E CO2 E B5 ) E CO 2 CO 2 β β = E CO 2 E B5 E O 2 E O 2 = (E O2 E B4 ) + (E CO2 E B5 ) α O 2

35 alpha Superpixel Num ber α O 2 α β O2

36 E i = ϵ n V X ilω [ ] σ E l ω i n V C = n/v X i l ω ( σ/ ω) i E l ϵ E i(λ, x) = S i (x)ϵ n V X ilω [ ] σ E l ω i S i (x) S(x)

37 1 N2 CO Superpixel S N2 (x) S CO2 (x) X i C ρ

38 Density [g/m 3 ] z (mm) r (mm)

41 Laser pulse Flashlamps 400 µs Q-switch var Q-switch Gate Q-switch Pulse Gen τ delay τ exp CCD Fire Laser CCD PD DAQ Lamps Q-switched fixed Q-switch var Trig Fire Trig A A B Trig Ext/Gate Out Trig Input LSO Pulse/Delay Gen Boxcar

42 E o α β γ δ

43 CO2 CO

44 E E E C i = E i ϵlω [ ] σ ω i E l C i C m v ρ = (X i W i ) C X i W i

45 Density [g/m3] Pixel N J N J = Ng J(2J + 1)e hcbj(j+1)/kt Q rot

46 Q rot = g J (2J + 1)e hcbj(j+1)/kt 0 N J j th g J j th Q rot 0 N J H 2 N J = N a g J(2J + 1)e hcbj(j+1)/kt Q rot E rot = E rot a a N J = N a g J(2J + 1)e hcbj(j+1)/kt Q rot

48 cm 1 cm 1

49 m R I/C I/C amb m R I C amb

50 I/C] amb I C I/C] amb m R.

51 F uel ext F uel ext

54 E i = E o ϵlωσ i C i E o ϵ l σ i Ω C i i E i ϵlω σ i

wavelength axis λ [nm] wavelength axis λ [nm] (a) 660 634 630 607 (c) H O 2 CH

-2-1 0 1 2 3 laser axis r (mm) O 2 CO 2 (b) -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 laser axis r (mm)

55 wavelength axis λ [nm] wavelength axis λ [nm] (a) (c) H O 2 CH 4 N O CO laser axis r (mm) 3 H O 2 CH 4N laser axis r (mm) O 2 CO 2 (b) laser axis r (mm) (d) laser axis r (mm) H 2 O CH 4 N 2 O 2 CO 2 H 2 O CH 4 N 2 O 2 CO 2

57 ṁ F 1 ṁ F 2 ṁ air P chamber ϕ vit ṁ F 1 ṁ air ϕ ext ṁ = Ap o γ (γrt o ) 1/2 ( 2 ) γ+1 2(γ 1) γ + 1 R T o p 0 γ

58 τ ( ν ϵ )1/2 ϵ ν C τ ṁ F 1 ṁ air ṁ F 2 P chamber ϕ vit ϕ ext Re D Da 0.065x x x x10 3

59 R1 CH O 2 CO + 2H 2 O R2 CO + 0.5O 2 CO 2 R1 CH O 2 CO + 2H 2 R2 CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2

60 R3 CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 R4 H O 2 H 2 O A β E a /R x10 11 [CH 4 ] 0.7 [O 2 ] 0.8 2f 2.24x10 12 [CO][O 2 ] 0.25 [H 2 O] 0.5 2b 5x10 8 [CO 2 ] 1 4.4x10 11 [CH 4 ] 0.5 [O 2 ] x10 8 [CH 4 ][O 2 ] 3f 2.75x10 9 [CO][H 2 O] 3b 6.71x10 10 [CO 2 ][H 2 ] 4f 5.69x10 11 [H2][O 2 ] 0.5 4b 2.51x10 14 [H 2 O] m 3

62 3.5 mm T [K] Length [mm] Vitiation Products T vit = 1080 K 5/10 cm Y X Temperature [K] External Fuel

63 P_cham ber [Pa] x Experiment Tem perature at thermocouple location [K] Experiment T_vit [K] T_vit [K]

64 ṁ p T

66 X i [%] Z X CH 4 O 2 H 2 O CH 4 O 2 H 2 O T [K] T[K]

67 T X i

68 E (t) Flow Tim e [s] Flow Tim e [s]

69 t m σ 2 t m = 0 te(t)dt, σ 2 = 0 (t t m ) 2 E(t)dt, COV = σ2 t m t inj t outlet t m = t outlet t inj σ 2 = 0

70 t inj t outlet t m σ x10 4 t m σ 2 σ 2 σ 2

71 S i = a b a b r i b/2 a /2 A i S i i=1 i=2 i=3 i=4 i=5 i=6 S i = a b i A i r i i A i

72 r i i r i A i /S i r i i a ϕ = 0.93rad w i A i S i (ϕ/2π)πr2 i (ϕ/2π)πr 2 i 1 a 2 = ϕ(2i 1)/2.

73 Exp Com p Vit / FC FC Vit 100 CH 4 O 2 PDF X X Vit FC Vit FC 100 PDF H 2 O CO X X

74 Exp Com p Vit / FC FC Vit 100 CH 4 O 2 PD F X X 100 Vit FC Vit FC PDF 10 H 2 O CO X X

76 RR CH RR CO RR H2O X CH X CO X H2O

80 1000 T [K] Tm in [K ] Tm ax [K ] Tavg [K ] Tvit [K] Height [m ] T avg T min T max T vit T avg T min T max T vit

81 Heat Flux [W / m 2 ]

82 T vit

90 e

Motion and motional qubit

Quantized motion Motion and motional qubit... > > n=> > > motional qubit N ions 3 N oscillators Motional sidebands Excitation spectrum of the S / transition -level-atom harmonic trap coupled system & transitions