1.MEASUREMENT OF THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONCAVE MIRROR

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Ferdinand French
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1 1.MEASUREMENT OF THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONCAVE MIRROR u/cm v/cm /u 1/v Focal length = 12.0 cm 2.VERIFICATION OF SNELL S LAW OF REFRACTION angle of incidence i angle of refraction r sin i sin r sin i/sin r 30 o 19 o o 28 o o 37 o In each case sin i/sin r is (approximately) constant; therefore this verifies Snell s Law 3.TO FIND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A LIQUID BY MEASURING THE REAL DEPTH AND THE APPARENT DEPTH OF AN OBJECT IN THE LIQUID? 4.MEASUREMENT OF THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONVEX LENS u/cm v/cm f/cm /u+ 1/v = 1/f Average = 15.4 cm 5.TO CALIBRATE A THERMOMETER USING THE LABORATORY MERCURY THERMOMETER AS A STANDARD

2 6.MEASUREMENT OF THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER mass of calorimeter 55.7 g mass of calorimeter + water g mass of copper + calorimeter + water g initial temperature of water 16.5 o C temperature of hot copper 99.5 o C final temperature of water 21.0 o C (i) Heat lost by hot copper = heat gained by calorimeter + water = (0.0557)(390)(4.5) + (0.0455)(c w)(4.5) = cw c w = J kg -1 K -1 7.MEASUREMENT OF THE SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF FUSION OF ICE Mass of calorimeter...= 77.2 g Mass of water...= 92.5 g Initial temperature of water...= C Temperature of ice...= 0 0 C Mass of ice...= 19.2 g Final temperature of water...= C Room temperature was 21 0 C. mcδθ Al + mcδθ water = ml ice +mcδθ melted ice Fall in temperature = 16.2 o C Ans = J kg -1 8.MEASUREMENT OF THE SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION OF WATER Mass of calorimeter = 50.5 g Mass of calorimeter + water = 91.2 g Initial temperature of water = 10 o C Temperature of steam = 100 o C Mass of calorimeter + water + steam = 92.3 g Final temperature of water = 25 o C m sl w + m sc wδθ s = m wc wδθ w+ m cc cδθ c Δθ s = 75 0 C and Δθ w (= Δθ c) = 15 0 C (0.0011) l w + (0.0011)(4200)(75) = (0.0407)(4200)(15) + (0.0505)(390)(15) [(0.0011) l w = ] l w = J kg -1 9.TO VERIFY JOULE S LAW I/A I 2 /A Δθ/ C

10.TO MEASURE THE RESISTIVITY OF THE MATERIAL OF A WIRE resistivity of nichrome wire Recorded data: Resistance of wire = 32.1 Ω Length of wire = 90.1 cm Diameter of wire = 0.19 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.

3 10.TO MEASURE THE RESISTIVITY OF THE MATERIAL OF A WIRE resistivity of nichrome wire Recorded data: Resistance of wire = 32.1 Ω Length of wire = 90.1 cm Diameter of wire = 0.19 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.20 mm Calculations: Average diameter = mm A = πr 2 = m 2 ρ =RA/L ρ = (32.1)( )/0.901) ρ = Ω 11.TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF A METALLIC CONDUCTOR WITH TEMPERATURE Temperature / o C Resistance / Ω TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF A THERMISTOR WITH TEMPERATURE / 0 C R/ Ω TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF CURRENT (I) WITH P.D. (V) FOR COPPER ELECTRODES IN A COPPER-SULPHATE SOLUTION Potential Difference /V Current /A

4 14.TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF CURRENT (I) WITH P.D. (V) FOR A METALLIC CONDUCTOR AND HENCE CALCULATE THE RESISTANCE (OHM S LAW) V (V) I (A) TO INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF CURRENT (I) WITH P.D. (V) FOR A FILAMENT BULB Potential difference /V Current /A INVESTIGATE THE VARIATION OF CURRENT (I) WITH P.D. (V) FOR A SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE potential difference/v current/ma MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY USING A TICKER-TAPE TIMER Time/s He measured the distance between 11 dots on the tape. The time taken to cover that distance corresponded to the time for 10 intervals, where each interval was 1/50 th of a second. He calculated velocity using the formula velocity = distance/time

18.MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION (USING A TICKER-TAPE TIMER) Velocity/ m s -1 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.3 4.1 4.9 Time/s 0 2 4 6 8 10 He measured the distance between 11 dots on the tape.

5 18.MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION (USING A TICKER-TAPE TIMER) Velocity/ m s Time/s He measured the distance between 11 dots on the tape. The time taken to cover that distance corresponded to the time for 10 intervals, where each interval was 1/50 th of a second. He calculated velocity using the formula velocity = distance/time. (i) See graph (ii) Take any two points e.g. (0, 0.9) and (10, 4.9) and use the formula Slope = acceleration = 0.4 m s TO SHOW THAT ACCELERATION IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FORCE WHICH CAUSED IT Force /N acceleration /m s TO VERIFY THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM MOMENTUM BEFORE MOMENTUM AFTER Total Before Total After m 1 u 1 m 1u 1 m 2u 2 m 1u 1+m 2u 2 m 2 (m 1 + m 2) v 3 (m 1 + m 2)v

6 21.MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY (g) USING THE FREEFALL METHOD s/ cm t/ms t 2 / s Correct slope method, Slope = 5.02 // 0.198, g = (10.04 ± 0.20) m s 2 22.VERIFICATION OF BOYLE S LAW Pressure /kpa Volume /cm /Volume /cm INVESTIGATION OF THE LAWS OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR A SET OF CO-PLANAR FORCES position on metre stick/cm magnitude of force/n direction of force down up down up down (i) When The metre stick was at rest: F up = F down Total clockwise moments = Total anti-clockwise moments To prove F up = F down F up = = 10.2 N and F down = = 10.2 N net force = 0 To prove Total clockwise moments = Total anti-clockwise moments => (through zero) Moment = 2(0.115) + 3(0.383) +1.2(0.504) +4.0(0.802) = = 5.2 N m (through zero) Moment = 4.5(0.262) +5.7(0.704) = N m = 5.2 N 24.INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODIC TIME AND LENGTH FOR A SIMPLE PENDULUM AND HENCE CALCULATION OF g l/cm t/s time for 25 swings /s time for 1 swing/s t 2 /s l/m

7 25.TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR A cylindrical column of air closed at one end and three different tuning forks were used in an experiment to measure the speed of sound in air. A tuning fork of frequency f was set vibrating and held over the column of air. The length of the column of air was adjusted until it was vibrating at its first harmonic and its length l was then measured. This procedure was repeated for each tuning fork. Finally, the diameter of the column of air was measured. The following data was recorded. Diameter of column of air = 2.05 cm f/hz l/cm Calculations v = f λ λ = 4( l +0.3 d) v 1 = 340(.3) m s -1 ; v 2 = 342(.0) m s -1 ; v 3 = 341(.1) m s -1 v avg = 341(.13) m s INVESTIGATION OF THE VARIATION OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF A STRETCHED STRING WITH LENGTH f/hz l/m /l (m 1 ) INVESTIGATION OF THE VARIATION OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF A STRETCHED STRING WITH TENSION f /Hz T /N (i) Paper rider jumped vigorously / the string vibrated at maximum amplitude (ii) Six correct values for T Both axes correctly labelled Six points correctly plotted Straight line with a good fit f is proportional to square root of T because the graph was a straight line through the origin. If tension is 11 N T = 3.32 Use the graph to get f = 542 Hz 1 f 2l T Compare to the formula y = mx slope = 1/(2l μ), where l = 0.4 m Mass per unit length (μ) = kg m 1

8 28.MEASUREMENT OF THE WAVELENGTH OF MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT diffraction grating with 500 lines per mm. Angle between first Angle between second Angle between third order images order images order images (i) Measure x between 1st order images Measure D from screen to grating = tan -1 (x/d) (ii) Use nλ = d sinθ (n=1) λ = sin (17.1)/[( )(1)] = m (n=2) λ = sin (35.8)/[( )(2)] = m (n=3) λ = sin (60.8)/[( )(3)] = m λ = m = 585 nm

LC PHYSICS. Mandatory Experiments - Exam Questions and Solutions-

LC PHYSICS. Mandatory Experiments - Exam Questions and Solutions- LC PHYSICS Mandatory Experiments - Exam Questions and Solutions- This is 56 pages long so please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier. This