(1) (discrete choice) (inter-city mode choice) (1) (1) c m m. t m m β m β t. ε m (1) Ortúzar(1996) (shadow price)

Transcription

1 69-8 () Orúzr(996) (disree hoie) (iner-iy mode hoie) m () m m m () m m m m β m β ε m () (996) Orúzr (shdow rie) 69

2 (). (). ( / ) () β β ε () () 70

3 () β = α β = α (4) (5) () (4) (5) () () (4) (5) ( '' ( ) ' ( ) + L ) + (4) () () (4) (5) d i i 0 (4) '' ' = α ( ) + α ( / + α ( / ) + L + α = α + α (5) 4 4 ( 4 ) 4 (6) (4) (5) (6) β = α ' ' β = α " " β = α 7

4 θ ( ) ( ) β 5 ) 0 θ (β 5 + () (7) (grou hoie) 5 5 ( 5 ) + θ β ( θ β 5 (7) θ 0 > θ (7) s nd h s nd LLLLL h s nd h s nd h (8) (7) θ 0 (β 5 ) s nd h s nd LLLLL h s nd h s nd h (9) 7

5 (8) (9) µ i i > (8) (9) ε ε = = ih ih ih ih ( ( (0) ih ih ) + ( λ ) + ( λ ih ih Ν (0) s nd h = µ = µ s LLLLL s s s = µ s s = µ ( λ s ( λ s s () s s s s nd = µ LLLLL s s = µ ( λ s h = µ s = µ s ( λ. s nd h = = L = = / h L = = λ s nd s nd = = L = L (0) ( ) + λ ( ) + λ (7) θ () (7). (s) h () + ( λ + ( λ s ( s s ( s s ( () () () i + µ i + µ + µ i + µ i + µ i s λ s s λ s s ) ) ) ) + ε + ε µ = = µ = µ s + [( ) µ ] λ ( ) ) s + [( ) µ ] λ = s s s + ε + ε (4) + µ = i s (5) 7

6 (5) µ µ> µ < µ = µ θ (0 < θ ) () () (5) (5) ( (5) + [ + ( ) µ ] λ + [ + ( ) µ ] λ s s ) + [ + ( ) µ ] (4) (mulinomil logi) Lermn, 985) ( ) (Ben-Akiv & + [ + ( ) µ ] λ s (6) ð ( ) 997 (7) s ð γ = + µ ) λ ; γ = ( + µ ) λ (8) ( d i (4) (7) 4,000, γ i (i >) (8) (5) µ 74

7 A () B () ( / ) C (4) ' ( ) ( ) C (5) ' = α ( ) + α ( / d ) = α + α C (6) ( ) 4 D () > ( ) + λ ( ) + λ E (7) > ( ) F () > F () > ( / ),855, 75

8 . 50% ( ) A C D E. () () F F F F , (7) 4 ( 4 4 ) L+ L+ E (9) γ γ γ γ 4 5 = ( + µ ) λ (6) (8) s = ( + µ ) λ = ( + 4µ ) λ = ( + 5µ ) λ ; s s s ; ; ; (0) ð γ = γ4 γ = γ5 γ4 = µ λ γ () ð γ γ 4 γ 5 γ µ = 0 () 76

9 A A C A A B C C C 0.46 (.).69 ( 5.8).4 ( 5.).09 (5.0) 0.99 ( 4.8).884 ( 9.4) 0.9 (.0).094 ( 5.9).046 ( 5.6).099 (5.8).080 ( 5.7).68 ( 7.5).55 ( 8.).48 (0.6).54 (.4). (0.0).40 (0.).6 ( 9.) (-7.6) -0. (-8.0) -0.7 (-9.4) (-5.9) (-8.) (-8.6) (-4.9) (-5.7) -0. (-.0) (-.9) -0.7 (-.6) (-.) (-.5) -0.4 (-.6) (-.4) (-4.).59 ( 7.9) 0. ( 0.9) (.9) 0.77 (.) 0.95 ( 4.) ρ A B C C C D F F F D E (-.7) ( 5.4) ( 7.9) 0.87 ( 7.0) (-4.9).008 ( 7.6) 0.8 ( 7.) ( 7.).0 (4.7).45 ( 9.).06 ( 9.).76 (0.) (-7.) -0.4 (-.6) (-.) -0. (-.6) (-5.) -0.6 (-5.4) (-8.8) -0.8 (-.) (-.9) (-4.9) (-6.7) ( ) ρ F F A B D E 77

10 ( ) () E F F D ( χ = 7.8) () A χ = A B A A C 4.04 χ = A A B 9.08 C. () C C C C C () D F F C (b ) ( β ) ' ( β, β ) = " ' ".567 ( β, β ) =4.75 ( β, β ) = 78

11 =.960 D E C ( =.4) ( ) ' " (, α α ) ' ( α, α ) = 5. ( α, α ) ' '' =.40 ( α, α ) = 0.76 '' () E. µ E () () γ γ 4 = (γ γ ) γ γ 5 = (γ γ ) γ γ 4 = (γ γ ) ( = 0.50; 0.05 =.960) γ γ 5 = (γ γ ) ( =.99). 4. E E () D. 79

12 4. () 5. (998) Orúzr J. de D. (996). Modeling roue nd mulimodl hoies wih reveled nd sed referene d. Proeedings of Seminr D & E, 4 h Euroen Trnsor Forum. Englnd: Brunel Universiy. 80

13 The Effe of he Size of Trveling Pry on Mode Choie Models LIAG-SHYOG DUA AD JI-LOG LEU Dermen of Trnsorion Mngemen, ionl Cheng-Kung Universiy, Tinn, Tiwn, Reubli of Chin. ABSTRACT This er exended disggrege hoie heory o grou hoie, nd derived grou uiliy funion. Severl ineriy mode hoie models h ook he size of rveling ry ino onsiderion were buil. The roosed models re differen from he rdiionl models nd Orúzr's model(996). They were boh bsed on he disggrege hoie ssumion nd used he disggrege uiliy funion o del wih he effe of he size of rveling ry. The grou hoie models showed h he size of rveling ry hd signifin effe on he rvel ime nd rvel os oeffiiens. This er lso roved h Orúzr's model ws seil se of roosed grou hoie model. The emiril resuls showed h segmening rvel os nd rvel ime vribles ording o he size of rveling ry ould inrese he exlnory biliies of hoe models. Grou hoie models should be used when he rveler ws no rveling lone. Keywords: mulinomil logi, size of rveling ry, iner-iy mode hoie, grou hoie 8