1. Quark mixing and CKM matrix

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1 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon IX. Flavor ollaon an C volaon. Quark xng an h CM arx. Flavor ollaon: Mxng o nural on 3. C volaon. Nurno ollaon. Quark xng an CM arx. Quark xng: Ma gna ar no ual o h wak gna: Quark-xng r y unary CM arx u u u For wak harg urrn on oan: CM µ J µ u γ µ - γ 5 CM ν CM unary: CM CM CM CM U. Uwr

2 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon. Cao-oayah-Makawa arx Nur o nnn arar: 8 arar 9 olx ln -5 rlav uark ha unorval -9 unary onon nnn arar: 3 angl ha DG ararzaon 3 Eulr angl ha ' ' ' δ 3 33 δ δ 3 3 δ δ δ δ 3 3 whr oθ nθ j j j j Unorval ha ha o l-han l n J ar unorval: ol rnon u φ u φ u φ φ φ φ Unr ha ranoraon: Ral nur φ u φ φ u u u φ φ φ α j x[ φ j φ α] αj 5 unorval ha rn! U. Uwr

3 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon olnn ararzaon λ A ρ η u u λ 3 λ Aλ ρ η λ CM λ Aλ O 3 Aλ ρ η Aλ β γ λ Magnu o h CM ln: j hrarhy xr y orr o λ nθ. Colx CM ln an C volaon j u j R j R u j C u j j T C T volaon j j.. Colx ln Rark: For uark gnraon h xng r y h ral x Cao arx no C volaon!!. To xlan C n h SM oayah an Makawa hav r a hr uark gnraon. U. Uwr 3

4 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon U. Uwr. Flavor ollaon: Mxng o nural on Sanar Mol r ollaon o nural on: u u u u Nural on: u D u D : : Tranon an r y arx ln: ovry 96. hnonologal ron o xng Shröngr uaon or unal on: CT C M an hran: * * * * M D D For nural on onr oonn

5 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon 5 U. Uwr wh wh I R I R ± un y x Ma gna y agonalzng arx avy an lgh a gna: olx on arar o h a a.6 Moron7.9 /.7 9% / CDF DG.7.5 ± < ± ± C Nural on Flavor gna an [ ] / / ± ± T voluon Gnr arl or

6 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon Mxng o nural on T voluon o ra: CT [ ] / o [ ] / o [ ] / o Two xng han: y O Mxng hrough ay Mxng hrough ollaon x O D D C T- volaon n xng: how rn ollaon havor Mxng han:.g. π π long an on-hll a For oran or nglgl u hor an vrual a U. Uwr 6

7 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon. Nural kaon Orvaon o wo nural kaon long an S hor wh rn l: τ 5.7 ±. n >> τ.89± 3π S π. n C C an S an n wh h a gna gnorng C volaon S S " " " " C C ha onvnon: C C arg rn wn l.533±.9 3.9± h h M x.9±.7 y Nural kaon y Exaon Inally ur a Maurn π ν an π ν 8 6 ~ o CEAR τ S U. Uwr 7

8 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon - rangn ollaon n h SM u π π Shor rang ong rang Ollaon runy : ~ G F GF π u π uark onruon onan: alhough vry larg h aor ~ λ 5 vry all!.3 Nural Mon Mxng han: Mxng hrough ay: any ol haron ay larg y or all O. or on' x xng va ay Mxng hrough ollaon Sgnan onruon only ro o loo ~ ~ 6 O λ ~ ~ O λ arg : ~/λ o. aou 35 ar han o. U. Uwr 8

9 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon Dovry o xng Fr - aory a DESY: a.58 G : ΥS σ n ARGUS 987 l Υ ν l l ν l l l l l l l unx µ µ x D * ν D π S π D * µ ν µ D π γγ π π Mxng o nural on 8 6 o o unx x A unx x π τ.56 ±.6 ±..77 τ - U. Uwr 9

10 Avan arl hy: IX. Flavor Ollaon an C olaon 5σ Mung Orvaon: Srng 6 [] 7.77 ±.a. ±.7y. CDF Collaoraon Sr 6-6 τ 35 ar han U. Uwr

V A. V-A ansatz for fundamental fermions

V A. V-A ansatz for fundamental fermions Avan Parl Phy: I. ak nraon. A Thory Carfl analy of xprnal aa (pary volaon, nrno hly pn hang n nlar β-ay, on ay propr oghr w/ nvraly fnally l o h -A hory of (nlar wak ay: M A A ( ( ( ( v p A n nlon lpon