Lesson 2: The Early Days of Flight

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Lesson 2: The Early Days of Flight"

Damon Martin
5 years ago
Views:

1 Lesson 2: The Early Days of Flight A. Define, Describe, or Identify: 1. Lift 2. Aerial reconnaissance 3. Dirigible 4. Rudder 5. Keel 6. Internal-combustion machine 7. Aeronaut 8. Drag 12

2 9. Thrust 10. Biplane 11. Patent 12. Monoplane 13

3 B. Matching: Match the definition in Column A with the name in Column B. You may use each name only once. Column A 1. He organized the Rough Riders to help Cuba win independence from Spain. 2. He is credited with inventing the hotair balloon. 3. His observations before the fireplace led to the first manned balloon flight. 4. He and a passenger made the first manned hydrogen balloon flight. Column B a. Count von Zeppelin b. Henri Giffard c. Laurenço Gusmão d. Abraham Lincoln e. Alberto Santos-Dumont f. Theodore Roosevelt g. Paul Haenlein h. J. A. C. Charles i. Joseph Montgolfier j. Thaddeus Lowe 5. Most historians give him credit for inventing the first successful dirigible. 6. In 1872, he built a dirigible with an internal-combustion engine. 7. He became famous for flying an airship around the Eiffel Tower. 8. He built and flew the first successful dirigible. 9. He made President Lincoln realize how useful balloons could be in wartime. 10. It took a note from him to get General Scott to meet with Thaddeus Lowe. 14

4 C. True/False: Put a T in the blank if the sentence is true and an F if it is false. 1. During the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Army had plenty of balloons in reserve because the government had just taken over a defunct balloon factory. 2. In the early days, balloonists had to carry fuel with them. 3. In their research on balloons, the Montgolfier brothers discovered a new gas. 4. A breakthrough in aeronautics came when balloonists started using pure oxygen instead of hydrogen for their balloons. 5. The Zeppelin rigid dirigibles had roomy wood-paneled cabins and carried 20 or more passengers. 6. When a balloon section was established in the US Army in 1892, the United States was the only country to have balloons in its armed services. 7. Sir George Cayley came up with the idea of using a fixed wing for lift and a separate system for propulsion. 8. John J. Montgomery and Otto Lilienthal both died in glider accidents. 9. In 1848 John Stringfellow s steam-driven model airplane made the first successful powered flight by a heavier-than-air craft. 10. Historians fault Samuel Langley for spending too much time trying to control his aircraft and not enough on powering it. 15

5 D. Word Find: Unscramble the words below and write them in the blanks. Then find and circle the words in the puzzle. 1. DELBIGERI 2. DURRED 3. NEONAPLOM 4. EIRANESNOCSNAC 5. ELEK 6. PLENIPEZ 7. GRAD 8. STRUTH 9. RISCAREW 10. NAPETT 11. TARAUNOE 12. ELANBIP 13. MILEUH 14. ENYDGHOR 16

6 E A R E T H G H K G E R D I L K P A E R O N A U T A F D Y O U P T A C H E T A N T E M N I D O R E N O T U R I E N A L P O N O M O L N I L E P P E Z E E N F E D P E N D A R B I T K S A A E N X A V A T R E N I A E M U I L E H W A I R T E O U P E G T R E G P O E S I H W E D R L U H S E O W I T S U R H T R U N A E C T R T N E A R E T D A D A G N R E D T P U N N D R I P D E A L E O Y E O E C R S E R R E E R E W N H E N U E L B I G I R I D E T T E R E E L K A P I C N I C D R E A M 17

7 E. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that provides the best answer. 1. Who was the American diplomat who observed J. A. C. Charles s demonstration of a hydrogen balloon? a. Theodore Roosevelt. b. Benjamin Franklin. c. John Adams. d. Abraham Lincoln. 2. Who discovered steam power? a. Henri Giffard. b. Joseph Montgolfier. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. James Watt. 3. When he gave a demonstration of a surveillance balloon over the National Mall in Washington, how did Thaddeus Lowe transmit messages to the ground below? a. By sending over a telegraph wire. b. By using signal flags. c. By using signal lanterns. d. By blowing on a special Army bugle in Morse code. 4. Who picked up where Leonardo da Vinci left off in developing gliders? a. Benjamin Franklin. b. Otto Lilienthal. c. Sir George Cayley. d. Alberto Santos-Dumont. 18

8 5. Who received a patent for designing an aircraft theoretically capable of carrying a man? a. The Wright brothers. b. W. S. Henson and John Stringfellow. c. The Montgolfier brothers. d. Thaddeus Lowe and Joseph Henry. 6. What provided the power for Samuel Langley s first flying models? a. Compressed gas. b. Small mechanical springs. c. Rubber bands. d. Small internal-combustion machines. 19

The main body of the balloon is known as an envelope and is built in sections called gores.

Materials: Hot-air balloon kit (Note: This kit can be ordered from the Civil Air Patrol Supply Depot (1-800-858-4370) for around $5.00.) Procedure: 1.

9 Chapter 1, Ancient Flight F. Optional Activity: Hot-Air Balloons Today hot-air balloons are made of nylon or polyester, and are filled with hot air from a propane burner. The main body of the balloon is known as an envelope and is built in sections called gores. In this activity, you will combine a series of gores to build a tissue-paper balloon. Materials: Hot-air balloon kit (Note: This kit can be ordered from the Civil Air Patrol Supply Depot ( ) for around $5.00.) Procedure: 1. Lay one gore (color panel) on top of the other allowing a half-inch margin to show on the bottom panel. 2. Apply a heavy line of stick glue to the half-inch margin on the bottom panel. 3. Fold this half-inch portion over and seal it to the top panel. 4. Repeat the process of bonding the gores together. 5. Bond gores #1 and #7 to close the balloon. 20

6. Tie the top of the balloon with a string or piece of fish line. 7. Use masking tape around the bottom opening. This adds weight and strengthens the opening. 8.

10 6. Tie the top of the balloon with a string or piece of fish line. 7. Use masking tape around the bottom opening. This adds weight and strengthens the opening. 8. Allow the balloon to dry for about two hours. 9. You can use a hair dryer later to inflate the balloon and to check for holes. 10. For the actual launch, an electric paint-removing gun works best. Optional Activity adapted from Millspaugh, Ben P. (n.d). AEX II, Volume I, Activity 18. Maxwell AFB, AL: Civil Air Patrol. 21

11 G: Optional Activity: Build a Glider The primary objective is for students to build a flying foam replica of the Air Force Academy s TG-4A Glider. Materials: Two foam meat trays per student (The real USAF Academy glider is yellow, so try to find yellow trays) A hot-glue gun A hobby knife Coffee stirring sticks One penny per student for nose weight Waxed paper Procedure: 1. Remove the template page in the Student Workbook. It can be enlarged or diminished in size depending upon your meat tray. 2. Put the template down on the outside surface of the foam tray. 3. Use a hobby knife to cut out the glider s parts. 4. Optional: make a sanding stick using # sanding paper. 5. Using a sanding stick, sand the edges of the glider s wing and tail pieces so that they look like elongated tear drops. 6. Position the horizontal stabilizer to the fuselage. Make sure that it is perpendicular to the fuselage. Run a bead of hot glue along the back end of the fuselage and mount the horizontal stabilizer into the glue centering it. 22

Chapter 1, Ancient Flight 7. Mount the vertical stabilizer onto the horizontal stabilizer using hot glue.

It is a good idea to put a piece of waxed paper under the wings so the wings won t be glued to the table.

Once the wing sets, install the small wing struts. Coffee-stirring sticks work well for these. 10.

12 Chapter 1, Ancient Flight 7. Mount the vertical stabilizer onto the horizontal stabilizer using hot glue. Make sure the vertical stab is perpendicular to the horizontal stab. 8. Glue together the wing halves at their roots. It is a good idea to put a piece of waxed paper under the wings so the wings won t be glued to the table. When set, glue the wing to the fuselage so that the leading edge of the wing will fit into the notch just behind the cockpit. 9. Once the wing sets, install the small wing struts. Coffee-stirring sticks work well for these. 10. Hot-glue a penny to the front of the fuselage. This will give the right amount of weight to make the glider fly! Optional Activity adapted from Millspaugh, Ben P. (n.d). AEX II, Volume I, Activity 14. Maxwell AFB, AL: Civil Air Patrol. 23

13 (This page intentionally left blank.) 24

14 Chapter 1, Ancient Flight The Fuselage Template for the Glider 25

15 (This page intentionally left blank.) 26

16 The Wings Template for the Glider 27

17 (This page intentionally left blank.) 28

Projectiles: Target Practice Student Advanced Version

Projectiles: Target Practice Student Advanced Version In this lab you will shoot a chopstick across the room with a rubber band and measure how different variables affect the distance it flies. You will