DATE: NAME: CLASS: BLM 4-8 ASSESSMENT

Transcription

1 Chapter 4 Test Goal Demonstrate your understanding of the information presented in Chapter 4. What to Do Carefully read the instructions before answering each set of questions. True/False On the line provided, indicate whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). If the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. 1. James Watt based the design of his steam engine on James Joule s theory of the mechanical equivalence of heat. 2. Modern scientists accept the caloric theory of heat. 3. When applying the formula for work, the direction of the force and the direction of the motion of the object must be parallel.

2 4. Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat in an object. 5. When an electrical conductor that is part of a complete circuit moves in a magnetic field, a current flows in the conductor. Matching Match each description in column A with the correct term in column B. Write the letter for the term on the line beside the description. A 6. force of gravity acting on an object 7. transfer of thermal energy 8. energy of motion 9. stored energy 10. transfer of mechanical energy Fill in the Blanks Complete each sentence with the correct term or terms. B (a) heat (b) potential energy (c) work (d) weight (e) kinetic energy 11. Most modern ocean liners are powered by steam engines. 12. When the force that is doing work on an object is changing, you can determine the amount of work done by using the method. 13. Most modern cars, trucks, and buses are powered by engines. 14. The modern theory of heat is called the theory. 15. The total mass of the fission products is the total mass of the unstable uranium nucleus.

3 Multiple Choice Circle the letter for the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16. The first patent for a steam engine was obtained by (a) James Watt (b) James Joule (c) Thomas Newcomen (d) Thomas Savery 17. The steam engine that helped to stimulate the industrial revolution was designed by (a) Thomas Newcomen (b) James Watt (c) Thomas Savery (d) Julius Robert Mayer 18. Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) developed his theory about the relationship between heat and energy after observing (a) the burning of magnesium (b) the bright red colour of blood in the veins of sailors in the tropics (c) the motion of paddles in water raising the temperature of the water (d) the boring of metal for cannons 19. Julius Robert Mayer s scientific paper on the equivalence of heat and energy was rejected because (a) the quality of his physics and math was poor (b) it was incorrect (c) other scientists could not understand it (d) there was no evidence to support it 20. In which situation is the teacher not doing work on the briefcase? (a) The teacher walks up a flight of stairs carrying the briefcase. (b) The teacher carries the briefcase while walking down the hall at a constant speed. (c) The teacher reaches across the desk to grasp the handle of the briefcase and slides the briefcase across the desk to bring it closer and open it. (d) The teacher lifts the briefcase up to put it on a shelf. 21. The product that is obtained when magnesium is burned has a greater mass than the original magnesium. Which theory of heat does this observation refute? (a) four-element theory (b) phlogiston theory (c) caloric theory (d) kinetic-molecular theory 22. Which statement about the kinetic-molecular theory of heat is not correct? (a) Heat is not a fluid. (b) Heat is a transfer of thermal energy. (c) Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. (d) A substance in which the molecules are moving more rapidly is cooler than a substance in which the molecules are moving more slowly.

4 23. Which statement is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. (b) No process can be 100 percent efficient. (c) You cannot remove all the thermal energy of a substance and convert it into work. (d) Unless energy is added to a system, the atoms and molecules of the system will become more disorderly. 24. In the four strokes of a piston in an internal combustion engine, the ignition of gases causes heat and pressure, which cause the piston to move in the (a) intake stroke (b) compression stroke (c) power stroke (d) exhaust stroke 25. Which of the following is not a major source of electricity in Canada? (a) windmills (b) hydro-electric plants in dams (c) coal-burning power plants (d) nuclear energy Numerical Response Record the answer to each numerical-response question as indicated. 26. A machine crushes old cars in a junkyard. If the machine exerts an average force of 1280 N and moves 0.94 m while crushing a car, how much work does the machine do on the car? Record your two-digit number and decimal point in the first three boxes. Record your exponent of 10 in the last box. 27. If you do 575 J of work while pushing an easy chair 5.25 m across a room, what force do you exert on the chair? Record your three-digit number and decimal point in the first four boxes and your exponent of 10 in the last box. 28. How high would you have to lift a N mouse to do the same amount of work that you would do if you lifted a N elephant 1.00 cm? Record your three-digit number and decimal point in the first four boxes and your exponent of 10 in the last box.

5 Long Answer Answer the following question in the space provided. Be sure to use complete sentences. 29. Describe, in detail, the method that James Joule used to determine the numerical value of the mechanical equivalence of heat.