Quantitative Imaging with Y-90 Bremsstrahlung SPECT (Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography)
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1 Quantitative Imaging with Y-90 Bremsstrahlung SPECT (Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography) S. Beykan, M. Lassmann, S. Schlögl Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin Direktor: Prof. Dr. A. Buck
2 Structure Motivation Objectives Literature Survey Materials and Methods Results Conclusion
3 Motivation Example: Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) Transarterial embolization of radioactive labeled microspheres (Y-90) Highly selective tumor uptake by intra-arterial administration of the particles through the arteria hepatica Image quantification for dosimetry (Describes & analyses the physical effects which degrade image quality & affect the accuracy of quantification )
4 The Apparent Complexity & Limited Accuracy : Spectrum of Tc-99m and Y-90 Tc-99m Y-90
5 The Apparent Complexity & Limited Accuracy : Images of Tc-99m and Y-90 Tc-99m Y-90
6 Objectives To investigate the quality of Y-90 Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT imaging and evaluate the possibility of quantifying the activity in differently shaped sources. To study the influence of various parameters on the reliability of the quantitative Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT.
7 Literature Survey: X: no information ph: parallel hole 1-Cylindrical Plexiglas phantom 2-Torso-shaped phantom 3-A voxel-based phantom 4-The RSD thorax phantom 5-Elliptical water phantom 6-The NEMA 2007/IEC 2008 Torso phantom 7-Digital phantom 8-Cyclindrical phantom 9-SPECT phantom JSP type NEMA cylindrical phantom, bar phantom, and a cold block phantom 10-Line source phantom 11- Hot spot phantom 12- Heart liver phantom 13-The NEMA torso-shaped phantom
8 Materials and Method Investigated Parameters: Energy Window Settings Influence of Collimator (HEGP& MEGP) Reconstruction Algorithms (2D OSEM and 3D FLASH) Image Noise Image Contrast The Contrast Recovery Coefficient The Coefficient of Variation Partial Volume Effect
9 Torso-shaped phantom containing 6 hot spheres of various sizes 6 fillable glass spheres diameter: 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm Y-90 activity: 42, 18, 9, 4, 2, and 1 MBq fillable 9700 ml torso-shaped compartment (1911 MBq) [Sphere to background activity ratio:1/7] cylindrical lung insert The NEMA NU PET/SPECT-Phantom
10 Calibration in Gamma Camera phantom Phantom + Bottle (~79 MBq Y-90 & 50 ml) bottle For all scans, the same acquisition duration (30 min) were used.
11 Delineations of Volume of Interests (VOIs) The results of the corresponding VOIs for each energy window and collimator are reported as: total (TC) and mean(ch) number of counts in VOIs total (BG) and mean(cb) number of counts the standard deviation of counts in the background (std.bg)
12 Calculations By using the information from the drawn VOIs: Signal to Noise Ratio Image Contrast Coefficient of Variation Contrast Recovery Coefficient Visibility were calculated for each acquisition parameter, collimators and reconstruction algorithms. The ratios of the total number of counts to activity concentrations (CA-Ratio) in each sphere Total numbers of counts for each sphere and the bottle were calculated.
13 Image Quality and Quantification Where: C[%]: relative contrast QH: contrast recovery coefficient CV: coefficient of variation - (counts -1 ) VH: visibility - (counts) SNR: signal to noise ratio - (counts) R: the true sphere-to-background activity concentration ratio (8.37) t: acquisition duration - (30 sec) A 0 : amount of activity in the bottle (MBq) N voxels: the number of voxels in the VOIs Cc: calibration constant - (counts (MBq s) -1 )
14 Results Optimal Energy Window: For SNR, C [%], QH and VH For CV [ kev] [ kev] The Best Collimator Choice: HEGP
15 Results The Best Reconstruction Algorithm: For SNR, C[%], CV, QH and VH 2D-OSEM The quality parameters related to 2D-OSEM and 3D-FLASH
16 Results: Partial Volume Effect (PVE) The influence of the PVE described by the total number of counts-to-activity concentration ratios (CA-Ratio) for each of the spheres as a function of sphere diameter [ kev] MEGP collimator, selected energy window settings
17 Results: Quantification The unexpected result: total count and activity ratios of spheres and the bottle were not consistent. ~ 1 ~ 2 Same activity concentrations in bottle and spheres were used.
18 Conclusion Best energy window setting = kev (the lowest CV with the highest VH, C[%], QH and SNR) The recommended energy window = kev Best choice of collimator = High energy collimator [HEGP] Reconstruction Algorithm = 2D-OSEM and 3D-FLASH Phantoms with glass spheres may not be a perfect material for calibration and quantification purposes due to modification of the Bremsstrahlung yield most likely caused by the glass walls of the spheres.
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20 SPECT-CT(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) Medical Imaging Physics, W.A.Hendee, E.R.Ritenour
21 Bremsstrahlung X rays continuous x rays emitted through electron-nucleus interactions produced by accelerating electrons with high voltage in order to allow them to collide with a metal target X rays. When the electrons suddenly decelerated upon collision with the metal target and lose their energy, then Bremsstrahlung X rays are produced. the interaction of β particles emitted from Y-90 decay with atomic nuclei in the body produces bremsstrahlung photons.
22 Y-90 The interaction of β particles emitted from Y-90 decay with atomic nuclei in the body produces bremsstrahlung photons.
23 Partial Volume Effect (PVE) Due to limited resolution and spatial resolution of the system Comparison of PETand Bremsstrahlung Imaging todetect Particle Distribution in Patients Undergoing Y-90 Radioembolization for Large Hepatocellular Ca: or Associated Portal VeinThrombosis -S. A.Padia,A. Alessio,S.W. Kwan, D. H. Lewis, S. Vaidya, and S.Minoshima
24 Collimator to define the direction of the detected γ rays to minimize the scattered photons that created artifacts results in poor image quality
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