NAME: FORM: YEAR 6 SUMMER EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS 2017

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1 NAME: FORM: YEAR 6 SUMMER EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS 2017

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3 YEAR 6 SUMMER EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS The exam will be based upon the work that you have covered so far in Year Six and will have a question on each of the topics listed below. The exam will be fifty minutes long. Some answers will be just a few words; others will require sentences and diagrams. To revise we suggest that you read through your exercise book and make a mental note of all the important geographical words. Have a look at the attached glossary sheets and mind maps as well. Then try to answer the following questions. Perhaps you can find an adult to read the questions out to you and you can give them the answers? You might also like to jot down brief answers to these questions in the back of your book. Although the global locations section looks small below, there will be lots of questions on this section. Global Locations You will be asked to name and locate on a world map many of the examples and case studies that we have looked at this year. The types of places asked for are described in each of the sections below. Do not ignore those questions. Practise with the attached world map. Volcanoes and Earthquakes Describe the distribution (where they are found) of earthquakes and volcanoes. Can you describe the inside of the Earth and the types of plates? What is happening at an ocean ridge (constructive boundary), subduction zone (destructive boundary), transform fault (conservative boundary) and collision zone? Could you draw simple diagrams for each type of plate boundary and give an example of somewhere on earth that has each type of boundary? Could you name and label the main parts of a volcano? What are the differences between active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Could you name and locate examples on a world map? Why are volcanoes different shapes? What are their names? Using an example of an eruption that you know about (e.g. E15) can you describe what happened to both the volcano and humans before, during and after the eruption? Can you locate it on a world map? What causes earthquakes? What are the epicentre and focus? How are earthquake shockwaves measured and on what scale? Why don t the strongest earthquakes always lead to the greatest human losses? With reference to a case study (e.g. Sendai, Japan, 2011) describe how the earthquake affected humans. Can you locate it on a world map? How can humans try to protect themselves against the effects of earthquakes?

4 Climate and Weather What are the differences between weather and climate? How do latitude, distance from the sea, height and prevailing winds affect the climate? Describe the climate of Britain. Think about differences between north, south, east and west. What factors influence the climate of Britain? Think about latitude, distance from sea, mountains, prevailing winds, Gulf Stream. Draw labelled diagrams below to explain how relief, convectional and frontal rainfall are made. Why do we have seasons? Can you locate the Amazon Basin, Congo Basin and Indonesia on a world map? Why are equatorial countries warmer than polar areas? Why does it rain so often near the Equator? What type of rain is it? Describe the vegetation that grows in the rainforests. Along which lines of latitude are many of the world s deserts? Can you name and locate the hot deserts on a world map? What is the daily weather like in the desert? Why is it like this? Why is it so hot in the hot deserts? Why is it so dry in the hot deserts? How have plants and animals adapted to the desert climate? What is a microclimate? What factors affect the microclimate of the school grounds? Primary Activities What are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary industries (economic activities)? Give examples of each. What is the difference between pastoral and arable farming? What are the main human and physical factors that affect farmers? Define subsistence and commercial farming. Can you describe and explain where such types of farming are carried out and locate them on a world map? What are the differences between extensive and intensive farming? Give examples. In which parts of the UK do we find arable, pastoral and mixed farming? What are GMO s? Can you describe some of the benefits and negatives of GMO s O.S. Maps (We will practise these skills in class with an OS map) Look back at your Year Five work if necessary. Can you tell directions using the eight points of the compass? Can you use a scale and key? Can you describe locations using four and six figure grid references? How is height and relief (shape of he land) shown on an O.S. map? Can you recognise major land uses on a map?

5 YEAR SIX CLIMATE GLOSSARY Weather State of the atmosphere on a daily basis over a small area, e.g. London s weather is wet and cold today. Climate State of the atmosphere over a long period of time and a large area, the average weather conditions, e.g. Britain has a humid temperate climate. Latitude How far north or south of the Equator a place is. Altitude The height of a place Gulf Stream Warm current of water that flows from the Gulf of Mexico past the west of Britain which brings warm air in winter time to the west, sometimes called the North Atlantic Drift. Prevailing Winds The direction from which winds usually come. Temperate A climate that has no extremes of temperature. Maritime A climate influenced by the sea. Humid A wet climate. Relief rainfall When high land forces air to rise, cool, condense and precipitate. Frontal rainfall When cold air undercuts warm air, the warm air is forced to rise, cool, condense and precipitate. Convectional rainfall: When the sun heats the ground and warm air rises, cools, condenses and precipitates. Evaporation When warm air turns liquid water into water vapour. Condensation When water vapour is cooled and becomes liquid. Transpiration Evaporation of water from plants. Rainshadow The area on the lee of hills and mountains that receives less precipitation. Precipitation Any form of water that falls from the sky, e.g. rain, snow. Temperature range: The difference between maximum and minimum temperatures. Tropical Warm wet climate found near the Equator. Canopy The main layer of leaves in the forest. Emergent The very tallest trees. Buttress roots Large roots that offer support and collect nutrients for large forest trees. Adaptation Ways in which plants and animals have specialised to cope with climatic conditions. Desert An arid place, lacking in precipitation. The Sahara is a hot desert. Microclimate How the climate of a small area, such as the school grounds, differs from that of the surrounding area. Aspect The direction in which a place faces. A south facing aspect in Britain receives more sun than a north facing aspect. Urban Heat Island When urban areas, such as London, are warmer than the surrounding countryside due to heat released from industry, homes, vehicles as well as heat absorbed and then released from dark coloured surfaces such as roads and buildings.

6 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES GLOSSARY Inner/Outer Core Mantle Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Plate Magma Lava Ring of Fire Destructive Plate Boundary Hot insides of the Earth solid inner core, liquid outer core. Layer of Earth beneath crust that is sometimes semi-molten (magma). Outer layer of the Earth beneath oceans, about 5km thick. Outer layer of the Earth that makes up our land, average 35km thick. A piece of the crust, e.g. Eurasian Plate. Molten rock inside the Earth in the mantle. Molten rock on the surface of the Earth, usually from volcanoes. A ring of volcanoes that surround the Pacific Ocean. Where an oceanic plate is destroyed beneath a continental plate creating earthquakes and volcanoes, sometimes called a subduction zone, e.g. Japan where Eurasian continental plate collides with Philippine and Pacific oceanic plates. Constructive Plate Boundary Where two plates, often oceanic, move apart creating volcanoes, new crust and earthquakes, e.g. Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge Conservative Plate Boundary Where two plates slide past one another creating earthquakes, sometimes called a transform fault, e.g. San Andreas Fault. Collision Zone Magma Chamber Vent Crater Volcanic Bomb Active Volcano Dormant Volcano Extinct Volcano Pyroclastic Flow Lahar Tsunami Composite volcano Shield volcano Geothermal energy Geyser Mudpool Tremor Focus Shock/seismic wave Fracture/Fault Epicentre Mercalli Scale Richter Scale Hazard Where two continental plates collide creating earthquakes and fold mountains, e.g. Himalayas. Store of molten rock deep inside the earth. Channel through which magma flows to reach Earth s surface. Funnel-shaped hollow at the top of a volcanic cone. Lumps of molten rock that solidifies as it falls from the sky. One that has erupted recently and is likely to do so again, e.g. Etna. One that has erupted in last two thousand years but not recently, e.g. Pinatubo was dormant until One that will never erupt again, e.g. Arthur s Seat, Edinburgh, Snowdon. Boiling hot cloud of ash and pumice that travels very fast down some volcano slopes incinerating everything in its path. Mud flow possibly created by melted ice or rain mixing with ash. sea wave caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Made of alternate layers of ash and lava, have steep sides and slow moving lava and explosive eruptions. Usually on destructive boundaries, e.g. Pinatubo. If lava is runny then a flattish volcano is made, e.g. Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Usually found on constructive boundaries. Frequent, gentle eruptions. Heat and electricity produced from hot underground water. Jet of hot water and steam erupting from ground. Pool of hot mud which bubbles with volcanic gases. Slight shaking of the ground, usually before an eruption, a major quake, or even after a quake as after shocks. Where the actual earthquake originates from in the crust, the source of shockwaves. Energy that is sent out from the focus that creates shaking. Cracks on the Earth s surface where the plate is being put under tension. Point on the Earth s surface directly above the focus that will feel the greatest effects of an earthquake. Measures the strength of an earthquake by monitoring the effects, e.g. destruction to buildings. Measures the strength of an earthquake by recording the shaking on a seismometer to produce a seismograph. A danger to humans.

7 YEAR SIX FARMING GLOSSARY Farming Arable Farming Pastoral Farming Subsistence Farming Relief Market Gardening Market Commercial Alluvium Surplus Primary Activities Quarry Labour Extensive Capital Subsidies Humid CAP Tertiary Activities Mixed Farming Physical Factors Irrigation Labour Intensive Fertilizer Diversification GMO Secondary Activity LEDC MEDC The growing of crops and raising of animals. Farming crops. Rearing animals. Farming when, despite a lot of hard work, farmers only produce enough food for their families and have little extra for sale. Shape of the land. When you grow a variety of fruit and vegetables for commercial benefit any place where farmers can sell their goods Farming when most of the produce is sold for profit. Fertile soil dropped by rivers on the flood plain. Producing too much of something. These activities extract raw materials from the land or sea, e.g. a farmer. Another name for an opencast mine. When you farm a large area with few workers Another name for money. Extra government payments to encourage farmers to keep certain crops or animals. Wet and hot seasonal climate found in the Ganges Valley. Common Agricultural Policy these activities provide a service by selling a physical product (e.g. in a supermarket) or a skill (e.g. a doctor, nurse, lawyer) Farming a combination of crops and animals The sort of factors most important to a farmer in an LEDC. Watering fields artificially. Farming a small area of land with lots of workers or using lots of capital to buy technology and chemicals. General name for a substance added to soil to improve its fertility, e.g. nitrates. expanding into other business opportunities Genetically modified Organism These activities involve manufacturing or processing of the raw materials into goods. Less Economically Developed Country More Economically Developed Country

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