"New challenges for the Azorean deep-sea ecosystems"- Potential mining impacts- Case study during MIDAS project
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1 "New challenges for the Azorean deep-sea ecosystems"- Potential mining impacts- Case study during MIDAS project MIN-GUIDE Policy Laboratory - Innovations and Supporting Policies for Mineral Exploration and Extraction March 2017, Leoben, Austria Colaço, Ana 1,2 ; Carreiro e Silva, Marina 1,2 ; Juliano, Manuela, Martins, Inês; Pham,Christopher K. ; Morato, Telmo 1,2 ; 1. Center of IMAR from the University of the Azores, /2 MARE Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre-Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores, Portugal..
2 Potential future mining activities De: Nuno Lourenço EMAM- Conferência On exploring and utilizing the resources of the sea, Câmara do Comércio e Indústria, Lisboa, 14 de Dezembro de 2011
3 Biological characteristics Manganese nodule areas Active vents Inactive vents Crusts seamounts -High species diversity -Low biomass -Very long lived individuals -Slow growth -Extremely stable conditions -Many endemic species -High biomass -Low biodiversity -High biodiversity -Lower biomass -Hotspots biodiversity -Very diverse species including VME -Long lived individuals -Slow growth -Late maturity
4 Colaço et al, 2017 VanDover 2014
5 Thurber et al, 2014
6 Potential impacts toxicity toxicity Baker, E., and Beaudoin,Y (Eds.) Vol. 1A,
7 Coordination : Phil Weaver- Seascape Consultants, Romsey, UK
8 CASE STUDY From MIDAS Science-- Policy Panel Meeting 8 December 2015 Slide courtesy Telmo Morato
9 Nautilus Minerals
10 Plume and potential characteristics Particle laden May contain toxic substances May change ph Spread over large distances Sediment plume impacts seafloor Dewatering plume impacts depend on discharge depth Can rise in the water collumn Slide courtesy Daphne Cuvelier
11
12 Connectivitty Incl. Hydrothermal vent larvae Robert K. Cowen and Su Sponaugle Shank et al Oceanography 2010
13 Frequência relativa (%) Frequência acumulada (%) Experimental work µm PollyMetalic sulphide particles were obtained by grinding hydrothermal chimney rocks collected at the hydrothermal vent field Lucky Strike Dimensão (mm) PMS particle size matched the range expected by Seafloor Mining Tools excavation and by dewatering processes, according to the IHC Mining B.V. (80% um, and 80% between um) PMS PARTICLES INERT PARTICLES CONTROL t=13 General decrease in tissue t=27 Slide courtesy Marina Carreiro-Silva et al Unpublished results
14 Cascading effects of CWC loss Ecosystem services Economical value Biodiversity conservation Carbon storage Nutrient cycling Greenhouse gas regulation Commercial fish capture Ecosystem goods Biodiversity Species with commercial value (fish, crustaceans) Mining Fisheries Climate change Slide courtesy Marina Carreiro-Silva Sediment burial Metal exposure Ecological functions Habitat (refuge, nursing, feeding) Bioengeneering species Cold-water coral communities Negative Feed-back
15 Simulating the potential impact of SMS on deep-sea biodiversity (i) Develop for two different SMS areas (ii) Model scenarios (iii) Create of the likelihood of an area to be impacted by plumes (iv) To quantify potential due to deep-sea mining plumes From MIDAS Science-- Policy Panel Meeting 8 December 2015 Unpublished results Slide courtesy Telmo Morato
16 Results: Probability of plumes above a concentration threshold Unpublished results From MIDAS Science-- Policy Panel Meeting 8 December 2015 Slide courtesy Telmo Morato
17 From MIDAS Science-- Policy Panel Meeting 8 December 2015 Unpublished results Slide courtesy Telmo Morato Slide courtesy Telmo Morato
18 Paterson et al, 2014
19 We need: With the actual knowledge a precautionary approach and adaptative management are crucial. There is the need of set aside areas from mining. Definition of areas to be protected capturing the local and regional heterogeneity. Work with the industry to minimize the impacts based on Scientific knowledge and througout technological advances
20
21 Thank you Acknowledgements European Community 7th Framework Programme under the MIDAS (603418) project, Strategic Project (FCT/UID/MAR/04292/2013) granted to MARE. AC and TM are supported by Program Investigador FCT from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (IF/00029/2014/CP1230/ CT0002) and (IF/01194/2013) respectively.
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