Name Class Date. Which landforms were formed due to the movement of tectonic plates?

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1 Edit File QUICK LAB Causes of Landforms In this activity, you will implement an investigation using technology in which you make observations about landforms shown on the topographic maps and satellite views provided and give a description of how the landform formed. You will also predict how the landforms might be reshaped by weathering. PROCEDURE Examine and interpret the topographic maps and satellite views provided by your teacher. Use a computer to construct a data table to organize information and identify patterns. Include the following column headers: Landform, Observations, Tectonic or Erosional? Use the computer to complete the table. First, determine what landforms are represented by the topographic maps and satellite views provided by your teacher. Then, fill in the columns with the identity of each landform, your observations, and how the landform was formed. Compare your results with the results of other members in your group. As a group, discuss and answer the following questions. Which landforms were formed by erosion? Which landforms were formed due to the movement of tectonic plates? Choose one of the landforms caused by tectonic movement that you have analyzed in this activity. Predict how this land feature may be reshaped by weathering. OBJECTIVES Interpret topographic maps and satellite views of landforms. Predict how landforms might be reshaped by weathering. MATERIALS For each group computer with Internet access topographic maps of three landforms satellite views of three landforms ScienceFusion 394 Unit 7, Lesson 2

2 Quick Lab continued Choose one of the landforms caused by erosion that you have analyzed in this activity. Predict how this land feature may be reshaped by weathering. EXTENSION Ask your teacher for a picture of the Rocky Mountains, or find one on the Internet. Be sure that the image shows both land and erosional features. Discuss with your group and then answer in the space provided: How did the Rocky Mountains form even though they are not located near a tectonic plate boundary? Predict how the land and erosional features you observed will change after many thousands of years of weathering. Implement your investigation of this question by using a computer to collect information. You may use the Internet or additional resources to find your answer. ScienceFusion 395 Unit 7, Lesson 2

3 Edit File QUICK LAB Tectonic Plate Landforms In this activity, each student group is responsible for making observations about the landforms in the pictures provided, finding the landform on the map provided, and giving a description of how the landform formed. The description should relate the stress involved at the tectonic plate boundary to the formation of the landform. PROCEDURE From the group of pictures provided, each person in your group selects two or three pictures of landforms about which they will make observations. On a separate sheet of paper, make a data table with the following column headers: Landform, Observations, Location, Tectonic Plate Boundary. Complete the table using two or three pictures of landforms, information from the Internet or other sources, and the map of the world. Compare your results with the results of other members in your group. As a group, discuss and answer the following questions. Which landforms are associated with convergent boundaries? Of the landforms associated with convergent boundaries, which are due to continental-continental convergence? OBJECTIVES Describe and give examples of landforms and features in Earth s crust associated with convergent boundaries with continentalcontinental convergence, with continental-oceanic convergence, and with partial melting at subduction zones. Describe and give examples of landforms and features in Earth s crust associated with divergent boundaries. Provide examples of features and changes caused by shear stress and plate movement at transform boundaries. ScienceFusion 398 Unit 7, Lesson 2

4 Quick Lab continued Of the landforms associated with convergent boundaries, which are due to continental-oceanic convergence? Of the landforms associated with convergent boundaries, which are due to partial melting at subduction zones? Which landforms are associated with divergent boundaries? Which landforms are associated with transform boundaries? EXTENSION Ask your teacher for a picture of the Rocky Mountains, or find one on the Internet. Locate the landform on the world map. Discuss with your group and then answer in the space provided: How did the Rocky Mountains form even though they are not located near a tectonic plate boundary? You may use the Internet or additional resources to find your answer. MATERIALS For each student map of the world with tectonic plate boundaries and landforms listed below labeled For each group of students Internet access pictures of the following landforms: Aleutian Islands (volcanic island arcs) Alpine fault in New Zealand (transform boundaries) Cascade Range (continental volcanic arcs) East African Rift (rift valleys) Himalayas (folded mountain belts) Marianas Trench (trenches) Mid-Atlantic Ridge (ocean ridges) Rocky Mountains (use for extension activity only) Sierra Nevada Mountains (fault-block mountains) ScienceFusion 399 Unit 7, Lesson 2

5 Edit File EXPLORATION LAB Modeling Tectonic Plate Boundaries In this activity, you will create a model of the different tectonic plate boundaries. Using observations made from the models, you will explain how landforms near and far from tectonic plate boundaries occur. PROCEDURE ASK A QUESTION There are different stresses that occur at tectonic plate boundaries. How does the stress at a plate boundary impact the deformation of the lithosphere near and far away from the boundary? FORM A PREDICTION Predict the types of landforms that are associated with convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, and transform plate boundaries. Be sure to include continental continental, oceanic continental, and oceanic oceanic convergent plate boundaries when forming your prediction. TEST THE PREDICTION Collect the materials listed. In the tray, add 50 ml of the cornstarch solution. OBJECTIVES Explain that most deformation occurs near plate boundaries, but stresses can act far away from plate boundaries as well. MATERIALS For each group two parts cornstarch and one part water, equal parts cornstarch and water paper towels plastic wrap, thin (2 pieces) polystyrene, 2.5 cm thick (2 pieces) tray, small (15 cm 25 cm) ScienceFusion 405 Unit 7, Lesson 2

6 Exploration Lab continued Place two pieces of thin plastic on top of the cornstarch solution, similar to what is depicted in Diagram a. Press down and together on each plastic piece. MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations about how the cornstarch and plastic pieces behaved. TEST THE PREDICTION Remove one of the plastic pieces from the tray, and place it on a paper towel. Replace the plastic piece with a piece of polystyrene. See Diagram b. Press down and together on the plastic piece and polystyrene piece. MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations about how the cornstarch and the plastic piece plus the polystyrene piece behaved. ScienceFusion 406 Unit 7, Lesson 2

7 Exploration Lab continued TEST THE PREDICTION Remove the second plastic piece from the tray, and place it on a paper towel. Replace the plastic piece with a piece of polystyrene. Check Diagram c. Press down together on each polystyrene piece. MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations about how the cornstarch and polystyrene pieces behaved. TEST THE PREDICTION Pull out the two pieces of polystyrene and lay them on the paper towel. Place two pieces of thin plastic on top of the cornstarch solution, similar to what is depicted in Diagram d. Press down and away on each plastic piece. ScienceFusion 407 Unit 7, Lesson 2

8 Exploration Lab continued MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations about how the cornstarch and plastic pieces behaved. TEST THE PREDICTION Adjust the two pieces of thin plastic on top of the cornstarch solution, similar to what is depicted in Diagram e. Press down, push one plastic piece away from you and pull the second plastic piece toward you. MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations about how the cornstarch and plastic pieces behaved. ANALYZE THE RESULTS Interpreting Models What part of the Earth does the cornstarch represent? Interpreting Models What part of the Earth s lithosphere do the thin plastic pieces represent? Interpreting Models What part of the Earth s lithosphere do the thick polystyrene pieces represent? ScienceFusion 408 Unit 7, Lesson 2

9 Exploration Lab continued Making Prediction For subduction to occur, one plate boundary moves beneath another. Of the three convergent boundaries continental-continental, continental-oceanic, and oceanicoceanic at which boundaries would subduction most likely take place? Why? DRAW CONCLUSIONS Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at convergent plate boundaries? Provide an example. Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at divergent plate boundaries? Provide an example. Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at transform plate boundaries? Provide an example. Explaining Concepts Research and explain how the Hawaiian Islands formed far from a plate boundary. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do landforms result from the movement of tectonic plates? ScienceFusion 409 Unit 7, Lesson 2

10 EXPLORATION LAB Modeling Tectonic Plate Boundaries In this activity, you will create a model of the different plate boundaries. Using observations made from the models, you will explain how landforms near and far from tectonic plate boundaries occur. PROCEDURE ASK A QUESTION There are different stresses that occur at tectonic plate boundaries. How does the stress at a plate boundary impact the deformation of the crust near and far away from the boundary? FORM A PREDICTION Predict the type of landform that will be associated with convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, and transform plate boundaries. Be sure to include continental continental, oceanic continental, and oceanic oceanic crustal boundaries when forming your prediction. TEST THE PREDICTION Collect the materials listed. Observe your teacher setting up the model. OBJECTIVES Explain that most deformation occurs near plate boundaries, but stresses can act far away from plate boundaries as well. MATERIALS For each group two parts cornstarch and one part water, equal parts cornstarch and water paper towels plastic wrap, thin (2 pieces) polystyrene, 1 inch thick (2 pieces) tray, small (15 cm 25 cm). ScienceFusion 410 Unit 7, Lesson 2

11 Exploration Lab continued With your lab group, design a procedure for modeling the three plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform. Once your procedure is complete, show your teacher for approval before starting. MAKE OBSERVATIONS Write down your observations of how the cornstarch and plastic/polystyrene pieces behaved for each plate boundary. ANALYZE THE RESULTS Interpreting Models What part of the Earth does the cornstarch represent? Interpreting Models What part of the Earth s lithosphere do the thin plastic pieces represent? ScienceFusion 411 Unit 7, Lesson 2

12 Exploration Lab continued Interpreting Models What part of the Earth s lithosphere do the thick polystyrene pieces represent? Making Predictions For subduction to occur, one of the boundaries is forced under another. Of the three convergent boundaries continental-continental, continental-oceanic, and oceanic-oceanic on which boundaries would subduction be most likely? Why? DRAW CONCLUSIONS Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at convergent plate boundaries? Provide an example. Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at divergent plate boundaries? Provide an example. Interpreting Observations Using your observations, what landforms are most likely to occur at transform plate boundaries? Provide an example. Explaining Concepts Research and explain how the Hawaiian Islands formed far from a plate boundary. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do landforms result from the movement of tectonic plates? ScienceFusion 412 Unit 7, Lesson 2