IMPACTS OF MARINE ENERGY ON COASTAL SEDIMENTATION B) TIDAL POWER C) COASTAL SEDIMENTS D) GRAND CHALLENGES
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1 IMPACTS OF MARINE ENERGY ON COASTAL SEDIMENTATION DAVID PRANDLE A) MARINE ENERGY PRACTICALITIES? B) TIDAL POWER C) COASTAL SEDIMENTS D) GRAND CHALLENGES
2 MARINE ENERGY PRACTICALITIES? PARAMETER THEORY LA KOREA FUNDY BRISTOL RANCE CHANNEL SURFACE AREA TIDAL A AMPLITUDE EMAX= 4ρgA 2 S/P Actual Output Km m MW % Rated Head, h h/a Rated Flow, q q/q
3 ONLY WITH A CARBON TAX/SUBSIDY PARAMETER THEORY LA KOREA FUNDY BRISTOL RANCE CHANNEL SURFACE AREA TIDAL A AMPLITUDE EMAX= 4ρgA 2 S/P Actual Output Km m MW % Rated Head, h h/a Rated Flow, q q/q
4 LIKELY SCENARIO? year 'window' for bitter 'proof' of GCC Renewable Energy Research Requirements: Assess scale & nature of availability Engineering designs for extraction Assess associated environmental impacts* *differentiate t from concurrent GCC impacts
5 B) TIDAL POWER BARRIER CHARACTERISTICS Net energy yield ~ 27% of 'maximum' ' (one-way) ~ 37% ( two-way Sea levels in impounded basin ~ msl to HW Flushing rate reduced ~ 50% 10 year construction period No energy production until completion
6 Tidal energy Tidal stream devices Marine current turbines e.g. Seaflow (left) Stingray (below) La Rance tidal barrage
7 Loch Broom Cromarty Firth Tapping the Tidal Power Potential of the Eastern Irish Sea Loch Etive Milford Haven Morecambe bay Solway Firth Mersey 11 hours Dee Dovey? Tidal barrage or Solway tidal fence Humber 7.46m Wash Hamford water Severn Thames Langstone Harbour Range (m) Length (m) Capacity (MW) Output t (GWh) Severn Morecambe Solway Dee Tidal stream Humber Wash Thames Relative time of tidal high water level Direction of tidal propagation Padstow Langstone Padstowe Irish Hamford Morecambe L. Etive Cromarty Sea Dovey L. Broom? Ribble Milford Haven ? Tidal lagoons Mersey m 10 hours 5.5m Spring tidal range Previous UK barrage Mersey studies Dee 55 e ous U ba age s ud es
8 OPERATIONAL, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, DESIGNED BARRIER SCHEMES PARAMETER THEORY LA RANCE KOREA FUNDY BRISTOL CHANNEL SURFACE AREA TIDAL A AMPLITUDE Km m EMAX= MW 4ρgA 2 S/P Actual % Output Rated Head, h h/a Rated Flow, q q/q
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11 C) COASTAL SEDIMENTATION FORCING (tides,waves,storms) SEDIMENT MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSPORT EVOLUTION all 3 closely inter-dependent at the coast
12 Sediment transport conservation eqn. with problems
13 NEAR-FIELD localised scour/sedimentation FAR-FIELD exchange of sediments on scales of : tides storms seasons climate events glacial cycles
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15 IMPACTS OF MARINE ENERGY ON SEDIMENTS Wind 'Mills' local/small effect on wave climate Tidal Barriers - 'settling pond' large-scale shift of tidal patterns Tidal Streams interruption of sediment pathways Wave - potential changes in magnitude and direction of longshore drift
16 Depth Breadth is ta n c e (m ) D FutureCoast estuaries number
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19 Challenges for coastal sedimentation IMPROVE DESCRIPTIONS OF: 1) SINKS & SOURCES coast/estuary 2)EROSION & DEPOSITION cohesives/mixed 3) FORMATION OF MESO-SCALE MORPHOLOGY dunes/saltmarsh/channels/banks 4)EFFECTS OF 'INTERVENTIONS' training walls/dredging/railways/offshore energy
20 GRAND CHALLENGES COASTAL SEDIMENTATION sensor instrument development platform flume experiments modelling coastal observatory forecasting morphology seasonal/post-event/long-term
21 10 Cumulati ive sedimen nt inflow/ou utflow (million to onnes) w s = ms 1 s inflow outflow w s = ms 1 inflow outflow Semi-diurnal tidal cycles NEAP SPRING NEAP
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23 High resolution Liverpool Bay/Dee coupled model EA LIDAR/sonar survey, 2003, Dee Experiment Model grid: 1/400 degree longitude by 1/600 degree latitude ~200m resolution 267*187 grid points Repeated 1-month process studies including observations of waves, currents, turbulence, suspended sediment and bottom profile measurements are being made PhD project on morphodynamic evolution
24 Tides Surges Waves Sed supply Biol/chem events Geology morphology coastal protection habitat conservation turbulence erosion/deposition bed & coastal features Impacts of GCC interventions'
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