LAA. Wassents that have sulfidic materials within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfiwassents

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Robyn Hensley
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1 Wassents Wassents are subaqueous Entisols. Defined as Entisols that have a positive water potential at the soil surface for at least 90% of each day. These soils are the first suborder to classify out under Entisols. The formative element Wass is derived from the German (Swiss) word wasser for water. Key to Great Groups LAA. Wassents that have sulfidic materials within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfiwassents LAB. Other Wassents that have, in all horizons within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface, an electrical conductivity of <10 ds/m in a saturated paste extract. Frasiwassents LAC. Other Wassents that have, in all horizons at a depth between 20 and 50 cm below the mineral soil surface, both an n value of more than 0.7 and 8 percent or more clay in the fine earth fraction. Hydrowassents LAD. Other Wassents that have a cryic soil temperature regime. Cryowassents LAE. Other Wassents that have less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments and a texture of loamy fine sand or coarser in all layers within the particle-size control section. Psammowassents LAF. Other Wassents that have either 0.2 percent or more organic carbon of Holocene age at a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or an irregular decrease in content of organic carbon from a depth of 25 cm to a depth of 125 cm or to a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact if shallower. Fluviwassents LAG. Other Wassents. Haplowassents Cryowassents Key to Subgroups LADA. Cryowassents that have sulfidic materials within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfic Cryowassents LADB. Other Cryowassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Cryowassents LADC. Other Cryowassents that have less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments and a texture of loamy fine sand or coarser in all layers within the particle-size control section. Psammic Cryowassents

2 LADD. Other Cryowassents that have either 0.2 percent or more organic carbon of Holocene age at a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or an irregular decrease in content of organic carbon from a depth of 25 cm to a depth of 125 cm or to a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact if shallower. Fluvic Cryowassents, LADE. Other Cryowassents that have a buried layer of organic soil materials, 20 cm or more thick, that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Thapto-Histic Cryowassents LADF. Other Cryowassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Cryowassents LADG. Other Cryowassents. Typic Cryowassents Fluviwassents Key to Subgroups LAFA. Fluviwassents that have sulfidic materials within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfic Fluviwassents LAFB. Other Fluviwassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Fluviwassents LAFC. Other Fluviwassents that have a buried layer of organic soil materials, 20 cm or more thick, that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Thapto-Histic Fluviwassents LAFD. Other Fluviwassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Fluviwassents LAFE. Other Fluvawassents. Typic Fluviwassents Frasiwassents Key to Subgroups LABA. Frasiwassents that have, in all horizons at a depth between 20 and 50 cm below the mineral soil surface, both an n value of more than 0.7 and 8 percent or more clay in the fine earth fraction. Haplic Frasiwassents LABB. Other Frasiwassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Frasiwassents

3 LABC. Other Frasiwassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Frasiwassents LABD. Other Frasiwassents that have either 0.2 percent or more organic carbon of Holocene age at a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or an irregular decrease in content of organic carbon from a depth of 25 cm to a depth of 125 cm or to a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact if shallower. Fluvic Frasiwassents LABE. Other Frasiwassents that have a buried layer of organic soil materials, 20 cm or more thick, that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Thapto-Histic Frasiwassents LABCF Other Frasiwassents that have less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments and a texture of loamy fine sand or coarser in all layers within the particle-size control section. Psammic Frasiwassents LABG. Other Frasiwassents. Typic Frasiwassents Haplowassents Key to Subgroups LAGA. Haplowassents that have a sulfidic materials within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfic Haplowassents LAGB. Haplowassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Haplowassents LAGC. Other Haplowassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Haplowassents LAGD. Other Haplowassents Typic Haplowassents Hydrowassents Key to Subgroups LACA. Hydrowassents that have sulfidic materials within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfic Hydrowassents LACB. Other Hydrowassents that have, in all horizons at a depth between 20 and 100 cm below the mineral soil surface, both an n value of more than 0.7 and 8 percent or more clay in the fine earth fraction. Grossic Hydrowassents LACC. Other Hydrowassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Hydrowassents

4 LACD. Other Hydrowassents that have a buried layer of organic soil materials, 20 cm or more thick, that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Thapto-Histic Hydrowassents LACE. Other Hydrawassents. Typic Hydrowassents Psammowassents Key to Subgroups LAEA. Psammawassents that have sulfidic materials within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Sulfic Psammowassents LAEB. Psammawassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Psammowassents LAEC. Other Psammowassents that have either 0.2 percent or more organic carbon of Holocene age at a depth of 125 cm below the mineral soil surface or an irregular decrease in content of organic carbon from a depth of 25 cm to a depth of 125 cm or to a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact if shallower. Fluventic Psammowassents LAED. Other Psammowassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Psammowassents LAEE. Other Psammowassents. Typic Psammowassents Sulfiwassents Key to Subgroups LAAA. Sulfiwassents that have a lithic contact within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Lithic Sulfiwassents LAAB. Other Sulfiwassents that have, in some horizons at a depth between 20 and 50 cm below the mineral soil surface, either or both: 1. An n value of 0.7 or less; or 2. Less than 8 percent clay in the fine-earth fraction. Haplic Sulfiwassents LAAC. Other Sulfiwassents that have a buried layer of organic soil materials, 20 cm or more thick, that has its upper boundary within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface. Thapto-Histic Sulfiwassents LAAD. Other Sulfiwassents that have a chroma of 3 or more in 40% or more of the matrix of one or more horizons between a depth of 15 and 100 cm from the soil surface. Aeric Sulfiwassents

5 LAAE. Other Sulfiwassents. Typic Sulfiwassents

6 Examples of Wassents: SINEPUXENT SERIES Tentative Series proposed by George Demas 11/2002 Proposed classification: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, nonacid, mesic Typic Sulfiwassents. TYPICAL PEDON: Sinepuxent sand, in an eelgrass meadow, on a 0 percent slope on a shoal under 2.0 feet of permanent estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soil.) Ag--0 to 3 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) sand; single grain; very friable; few fine and very fine roots; 5 percent, by volume shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick) 2Cg1--3 to 19 inches; very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) sandy loam; few fine faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) mottles; massive; friable; n-value 0.8, material flows with difficulty between fingers when squeezed; few very fine roots; 1 percent, by volume shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick) 3Cg2--19 to 38 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) sand; few medium distinct gray (5Y 5/1) mottles; single grain; loose; 10 percent, by volume shell fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick) 4Cg3--38 to 60 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) very fine sandy loam; massive; friable; n-value 0.8, material flows with difficulty between fingers when squeezed; 2 percent, by volume shell fragments; 3 percent, by volume very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline. TYPE LOCATION: Worcester County, Maryland; approximately 1,200 feet south of the Verrazano Bridge, 200 feet north of the remaining spoil island, Sinepuxent Bay, in an eelgrass meadow; Tingles Island USGS topographic quadrangle, lat. 38 degrees, 14 minutes, seconds N. and long. 75 degrees, 9 minutes, seconds W.

7 DEMAS SERIES Tentative Series proposed by George Demas 11/2002 In proposed classification would be a: Siliceous, mesic Typic Psammowassents TYPICAL PEDON: Demas loamy sand on a smooth 0 percent slope along the transitional edge of an island under 1.5 feet of permanent estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soil.) Ag--0 to 1 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) loamy sand; massive; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; 15 percent, by volume dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) organic fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 7 inches thick) Cg1--1 to 7 inches; greenish black (10Y 2.5/1) sand; common medium distinct black (N 2/0) mottles; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; 2 percent, by volume shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; gradual smooth boundary. Cg2--7 to 27 inches; greenish black (10Y 2.5/1) sand; single grain; loose; 3 percent, by volume very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) organic fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. Cg3--27 to 38 inches; greenish gray (5GY 5/1) sand; single grain; loose; 4 percent, by volume shell fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 33 or more inches.) 2Cg4--38 to 60 inches; greenish gray(5gy 5/1) coarse sand; single grain; loose; 20 percent, by volume shell fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline. TYPE LOCATION: Worcester County, Maryland; approximately 100 feet east of the center of Great Egging Island, Sinepuxent Bay, in a mixed seagrass meadow; lat. 38 degrees, 12 minutes, 5.21 seconds N. and long. 75 degrees, 10 minutes, seconds W.

8 WHITTINGTON SERIES Tentative Series proposed by George Demas 11/2002 Proposed classification: Siliceous, mesic Fluventic Psammowassents TYPICAL PEDON: Whittington sand on a smooth 0.2 percent slope on an overwash fans of a barrier island under 1.5 feet of permanent estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soil.) A--0 to 8 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) fine sand; single grain; very friable; 1 percent, by volume shell fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick) Cg1--8 to 17 inches; dark greenish gray (10Y 3/1) fine sand; few fine distinct dark gray (N 4/0) mottles; single grain; friable; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick) 2Cg2--17 to 28 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sand; single grain; firm; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. 2Cg3--28 to 45 inches; light gray (N 6/0) sand; single grain; firm; 15 percent, by volume shell fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Cg horizon is 20 to 48 inches.) 3Agb--45 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy fine sand; massive; firm; 15 percent, by volume dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) organic fragments; 5 percent, by volume shell fragments; slightly alkaline. TYPE LOCATION: Worcester County, Maryland; approximately 400 feet north of Great Egging Island, 700 feet southwest of the Assateague Island Ferry Landing, Sinepuxent Bay, in an unvegetated area; lat. 38 degrees, 12 minutes, seconds N. and long. 75 degrees, 8 minutes, seconds W.

9 SOUTHPOINT SERIES Tentative Series proposed by George Demas 11/2002 Proposed classification: Fine-silty, mixed, subactive, nonacid, mesic Thapto-Histic Sulfiwassents. TYPICAL PEDON: Southpoint sand on a smooth 0.5 percent slope in a deep mainland cove under 4.2 feet of permanent estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soil.) Ag--0 to 2 inches; black (N 2.5/0) sand; single grain; loose; 5 percent, by volume black (10YR 2/1) organic fragments; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick) Cg1--2 to 4 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) loam; single grain; loose; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick) 2Cg2--4 to 9 inches; dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silty clay; massive; firm; n-value 1.0, material flows easily between fingers when squeezed; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. 2Cg3--9 to 22 inches; dark bluish gray (10B 4/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; n-value 1.0, material flows easily between fingers when squeezed; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. 2Cg4--22 to 36 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) silty clay; massive; firm; n-value 1.0, material flows easily between fingers when squeezed; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (24 to 38 inches thick) Oeb--36 to 48 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mucky peat; hemic soil material, 50 percent, by volume rubbed fiber; 20 percent, by volume light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) organic fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; gradual smooth boundary. Oab--48 to 60 inches; black (N 2.5/0) muck; sapric soil material, 10 percent, by volume rubbed fiber; slightly alkaline; strongly saline. (Combined thickness of the O horizon is 8 or more inches thick.) TYPE LOCATION: Worcester County, Maryland; approximately 1.2 miles north of South Point along the mainland, 100 feet east of the mainland, Sinepuxent Bay, in an unvegetated area; lat. 38 degrees, 13 minutes, seconds N. and long. 75 degrees, 10 minutes, seconds W.

10 TRAPPE SERIES Tentative Series proposed by G. Demas, 11/2002. Proposed classification: Siliceous, mesic Aeric Psammowassents TYPICAL PEDON: Trappe loam on a smooth 0.1 percent slope in a shallow mainland cove under 1.1 feet of permanent estuarine water. (Colors are for moist soil.) A--0 to 2 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) loam; common medium distinct black (N 2/0) mottles; massive; friable; n-value 0.9, material flows easily between fingers when squeezed; common fine and many very fine roots; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick) Cg1--2 to 7 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) sandy loam; few fine faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) mottles; massive; friable; n-value 0.8, material flows with some difficulty between fingers when squeezed; few fine and many very fine roots; moderately alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. Cg2--7 to 15 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) sand; few fine distinct dark gray (N 4/0) mottles; single grain; loose; 20 percent, by volume shell fragments; 2 percent, by volume dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) organic fragments; few very fine roots; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 15 to 24 inches.) C3--15 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; 1percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) organic fragments; slightly alkaline; strongly saline; abrupt smooth boundary. (20 to 48 inches thick) 2C4--33 to 60 inches; olive (5Y 5/4) coarse sand; few medium prominent very dark gray (5Y 3/1) mottles; single grain; loose; 5 percent, by volume gravel; slightly alkaline; strongly saline.

11 These next examples are from Ninigret Pond in Rhode Island. For complete context see: Bradley, M.P., and M.H. Stolt Subaqueous soil-landscape relationships in a Rhode Island estuary. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67: Jim Turenne is currently putting the data together for several proposed OSD s from these or similar soils. Pedon: VBB, 9/18/2000 (M.P. Bradley). Landscape Unit: Flood-Tidal Delta Slope Water Depth: 1.1 m Proposed classification: Coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, Typic Fluviwassents A1--0 to 13 centimeters; black (N 2.5/0), very fine sandy loam; abrupt. A2--13 to 26 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), very fine sandy loam; coarse distinct olive gray (5Y 4/2) mottles; abrupt. C1--26 to 44 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) and dark gray (5Y 4/1), sand; clear. 2Ab--44 to 62 centimeters; black (N 2.5/0), very fine sandy loam; abrupt. 2C--62 to 69 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), sandy loam; abrupt. 3Ab--69 to 86 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), fine sandy loam; 1 percent shell fragments; abrupt. 3C1--86 to 93 centimeters; dark gray (5Y 4/1), loamy sand; abrupt. 3C2--93 to 100 centimeters; dark gray (5Y 4/1), loamy sand; abrupt. 4Ab--100 to 108 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), sandy loam. Horizon Depth Sand Silt Clay Coarse Shell ph ph (after (initial) 120 days) Salinity (ms) CaCO 3 (g kg -1 ) Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) A A C Ab trace trace C ND* ND 3Ab trace C ND ND 3C ND ND 4Ab ND ND

12 Pedon: VBC, Bradley, Landscape Unit: Lagoon Bottom (Shallow) Water Depth: 1.1 m Proposed classification: Typic Hydrowassent A--0 to 13 centimeters; black (N 2.5/0), silt loam; gradual. AC--13 to 26 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), fine sandy loam; clear. C1--26 to 39 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), silt loam; 1 percent shell fragments; abrupt. C2--39 to 50 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), silt loam; abrupt. 2C--50 to 60 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), sandy loam; 50 percent shell fragments; abrupt. 3C--60 to 88 centimeters; olive (5Y 4/3), coarse sand; 50 percent mixed rock fragments. Horizon Depth Coarse Shell Incubation ph Organic Carbon n- value Sand Silt Clay Texture Class A > sil AC > l C > sil C > sil 2C < ls 3C < egrlcos

13 Pedon: VBH, Bradley, Landscape Unit: Mainland Cove Water Depth: 1.1 m Proposed classification: Thapto-Histic Fluviwassent A--0 to 18 centimeters; black (5Y 2.5/1), silt loam; clear boundary. AC--18 to 38 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), silt loam; 1 percent shell fragments; clear boundary. C1--38 to 63 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), sandy loam; 15 percent shell fragments; clear boundary. C2--63 to 78 centimeters; very dark gray (5Y 3/1), sandy loam; abrupt boundary. C3--78 to 83 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1), sandy loam; abrupt boundary. 2Oeb--83 to 115 centimeters; black (7.5YR 2.5/1); clear boundary. 2O/C--115 to 124 centimeters; black (7.5YR 2.5/1) and very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silt loam. Horizon Depth Coarse Shell Incubation ph Organic Carbon n- value Sand Silt Clay Texture Class A > sil AC 38 0 < > sil C < lcos C < lcos C < sl 2Oeb O/C

14 Pedon VBG, Bradley, 2001 Landscape Unit: Glacial Fluvial Bar Water Depth: 1.1 m Proposed classification: Typic Haplowassent A--0 to 5 centimeters; 60 percent black (5Y 2.5/1) and 40 percent olive gray (5Y 4/2), sandy loam; 25 percent shell fragments; gradual. C1--5 to 12 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 4/2), sandy loam; 50 percent shell fragments; clear. C2--12 to 36 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 4/2), coarse sand; 60 percent mixed rock fragments; clear. C3--36 to 50 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 4/2), coarse sand; 35 percent mixed rock fragments. Horizon Depth Coarse Shell Incubation ph Organic Carbon n- value Sand Silt Clay Texture Class A < ls C < grlcos C < egrcos C < < vgrcos Pedon: 00NP056 M.P. Bradley. 9/12/2000 Landscape Unit: Lagoon Bottom Water Depth: 1.7 m Proposed classification: Fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, Grossic Hydrowassent A cm, black (5Y 2.5/1) silt loam, very fluid, gradual boundary. A cm, black (5Y 2.5/1) very fine sandy loam, very fluid, clear boundary. C cm, dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silt loam, very fluid, gradual boundary. C cm, dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silt loam, very fluid, clear boundary. C cm, dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) silt loam, very fluid. Horizon Depth Sand Silt Clay n-value Shell ph ph (after (initial) 120 days) Salinity (ms) CaCO 3 (g kg -1 ) Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) A > A > C > C > C > ND

15 The next couple of examples were from descriptions and samples collected by NRCS folks working in Little Narragansett Bay in southeastern Connecticut. Pedon: 183 CT-NRCS-LNB (Perch Island), Donald Parizek et al., 10/26/05 Water depth: >150 cm Proposed classification: Coarse-loamy Aeric Haplowassent A cm, N 2.5/0 sand; 10% gravels; 5% shell fragments; sulfurous odor; clear boundary; final incubation ph 5.0. C cm, 2.5Y 4/3 loamy sand; 10% gravels; clear boundary; final incubation ph 6.0. C cm; 2.5Y 4/3 sandy loam; 15% gravels; abrupt boundary; final incubation ph Cg cm; 2.5Y 4/2 silt loam; abrupt boundary; final incubation ph Cg cm; 2.5Y 4/2 very gravelly loamy sand; 40% gravels; final incubation ph 6.9. Upper parent materials are likely marine, Second parent materials are likely aeolian; last materials are likely till. Pedon: 170 CT-NRCS-LNB, Donald Parizek et al., 10/26/05 Mainland Cove Water depth: 140 cm Proposed classification: Coarse-loamy Haplic Sulfiwassent Horizon Lower depth CF Texture n- value matrix color Shells Sulfur odor Incubation ph A mk S >1 10YR 3/1 5 y 2.9 A mk S YR 3/2 0 y 5.7 C LCoS < Y 3/3 0 y 5.2 Cg 66 0 SiL <0.7 5GY 5/1 0 y 4.3 2C S < Y 3/3 0 y 4.1 2Cg CoSL <0.7 5Y 4/1 0 y 5.1 2Cg SiL <0.7 5Y 4/2 0 y 5.9

16 These next examples were from some work by Phil Angell on a freshwater pond in Massachusetts. For complete context see: Angell, Philip J Subaqueous Soils of Fresh Meadow Pond, Carver and Burrage Pond, Hanson. Master of Science non-thesis report, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. Sample # 1, P. Angell Date: August 16, 2003 Extraction method: bucket auger Water depth: 70 cm, freshwater pond Proposed Classification: Psammic Frasiwassent Vegetation: dense milfoil Horizon Depth Coarse Fragments USDA Textural Class Matrix Color (moist) Structure n- value Sulfur odor C sand 10 YR 4/2 sg <.7 N C loamy sand 5 YR 2.5/1 sg <.7 N C sand 10 YR 2/1 sg <.7 N Core: #3, P. Angell Date: September 27, 03 Sampling method: core Water depth: 75 cm, freshwater pond Proposed Classification: Fluvic Frasiwassents Horizon Depth Coarse Fragments USDA Textural Class Matrix Color (moist) Structure n-value Roots Sulfur odor Oi YR 2.5/1 - - N slight C <5 sand 2.5 Y 4/2 sg <.7 Y N C sand N 2.5 sg <.7 N N C sand 7.5 YR 5/1 sg <.7 N N Bwb sandy loam 7.5 YR 3/4 sg <.7 N N

17 Pedon #4, P. Angell Date: September 27, 2003 Extraction method: bucket auger Water depth: 39 cm, freshwater pond Proposed Classification: Aeric Frasiwassent Horizon Depth Coarse USDA Fragments Textural Class Matrix Color (moist) Redoximorphic Features n- Structure value Sulfur odor A ms 7.5 YR 2.5/1 30% 2.5 YR 3/6 sg <.7 N AE ms 10 YR 2/1 20% 2.5 YR 2.5/4 sg <.7 N E mfs 7.5 YR 6/1 10% 7.5 YR 5/4 sg <.7 N Bw <5 ls 10 YR 6/6 sg <.7 N B <5 cs 10 YR 5/6 5% 5 YR 5/8 sg <.7 N

Case Study: Soil Mapping in Chincoteague Bay Maryland. Martin C. Rabenhorst Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland

Case Study: Soil Mapping in Chincoteague Bay Maryland Martin C. Rabenhorst Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland Based upon the PhD work of Danielle Balduff Currently: USDA-NRCS Wetland