Shale Reservoirs Similar, yet so different. AAPG ICE Calgary September 13, 2010
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1 Shale Reservoirs Similar, yet so different AAPG ICE Calgary September 13, 2010
2 Total Gas/Producible Source: NEB
3 World s Largest Gas Fields tcf 10 Producible Gas North American Gas Restricted Access Russian/FSU Other International 1 Source: EIA South Pars Marcellus Haynesville Urengoy Yamburg Hassi R Mel Shtokman Zapolyarn Hugoton Groningen Bonavenko Medvezhye Montney North Pars Horn River Dauletaba Karachag Kish Orenburg Barnett Fayetteville Kharsavey Transform proprietary information
4 World s Largest Gas Fields tcf 10 Producible Gas North American Gas Restricted Access Russian/FSU Other International 1 Source: EIA South Pars Marcellus Haynesville Urengoy Yamburg Hassi R Mel Shtokman Zapolyarn Hugoton Groningen Bonavenko Medvezhye Montney North Pars Horn River Dauletaba Karachag Kish Orenburg Barnett Fayetteville Kharsavey Transform proprietary information
5 FORMATION 57 US/Canadian Shales marcellus-shale.us PERIOD LOCATION FORMATION PERIOD LOCATION Antrim Shale Late Devonian Michigan Basin, Michigan Hovenweep Shale Pennsylvanian Paradox Basin, Colorado, Utah Baxter Shale Barnett Shale Bend Shale Cane Creek Shale Caney Shale Late Cretaceous Mississippian Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian Mississippian Vermillion Basin, Colorado, Wyoming Fort Worth and Permian, Texas Palo Duro Basin, Texas Paradox Basin, Utah Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma Huron Shale Klua/Evie Shale Lewis Shale Mancos Shale Devonian Middle Devonian Late Cretaceous Cretaceous Part of Ohio Shale; east Kentucky, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia Northeast British Columbia Colorado, New Mexico San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Uinta Basin, Utah Chattanooga Shale Chimney Rock Shale Cleveland Shale Clinton Shale Cody Shale Colorado Shale Conasauga Shale Dunkirk Shale Duvernay Shale Eagleford Shale Ellsworth Shale Excello Shale Exshaw Shale Fayetteville Shale Fernie Shale Floyd/Neal Shale Late Devonian Pennsylvanian Devonian Early Silurian Cretaceous Cretaceous Middle Cambrian Upper Devonian Late Devonian Late Cretaceous Late Devonian Pennsylvanian Devonian-Mississippian Mississippian Jurassic Late Mississippian Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee Paradox Basin, Colorado, Utah Eastern Kentucky Eastern Kentucky Montana Central Alberta, Saskatchewan Black Warrior Basin, Alabama Western New York West central Alberta Maverick Basin, Texas Michigan Basin, Michigan Kansas, Oklahoma Alberta, northeast British Columbia Arkoma Basin, Arkansas West central Alberta, northeast BC Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, Miss Manning Canyon Shale Marcellus Shale McClure Shale Monterey Shale Montney-Doig Shale Moorefield Shale Mowry Shale Muskwa Shale New Albany Shale Niobrara Shale Nordegg/Gordondale Sh Ohio Shale Pearsall Shale Percha Shale Pierre Shale Poker Chip Shale Mississippian Devonian Miocene Miocene Triassic Mississippian Cretaceous Late Devonian Devonian- Mississippian Late Cretaceous Late Jurassic Devonian Cretaceous Devonian-Miss Cretaceous Jurassic Central Utah New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, WV San Joaquin Basin, California Santa Maria Basin, California Alberta, northeast British Columbia Arkoma Basin, Arkansas Bighorn and Powder River, Wyoming Northeast British Columbia Illinois Basin, Illinois, Indiana Denver Basin, Colorado Alberta, northeast British Columbia East Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia Maverick Basin, Texas West Texas Raton Basin, Colorado West central Alberta, northeast B Frederick Brook Shale Gammon Shale Mississippian Late Cretaceous New Brunswick, Nova Scotia Williston Basin, Montana Queenston Shale Rhinestreet Shale Ordovician Devonian New York Appalachian Basin Gordondale Shale Gothic Shale Green River Shale Haynesville/Bossier Sh Horn River Shale Early Jurassic Pennsylvanian Eocene Late Jurassic Middle Devonian Northeast British Columbia Paradox Basin, Colorado, Utah Colorado, Utah Louisiana, east Texas Northeast British Columbia Second White Speckled Sunbury Shale Utica Shale Wilrich/Buckinghorse/ Garbutt/Moosebar Late Cretaceous Mississippian Ordovician Early Cretaceous Southern Alberta Appalachian Basin New York, Quebec West central Alberta, northeast British Columbia Horton Bluff Shale Early Mississippian Nova Scotia Woodford Shale Late Dev-Early Miss Oklahoma, Texas
6 5 US/Canadian Shales for Today FORMATION PERIOD LOCATION Barnett Shale Eagle Ford Shale Mississippian Late Cretaceous Fort Worth and Permian basins, Texas Maverick Basin, Texas Haynesville/Bossier Shale Marcellus Shale Horn River Shale Late Jurassic Devonian Middle Devonian Louisiana, east Texas New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia Northeast British Columbia marcellus-shale.us
7 Barnett
8 Barnett Map Max Stress Source: Texas RRC/Humble Geochemical Services
9 Pollastro USGS Barnett West-East Cross-section
10 Barnett Stratigraphy Source: USGS
11 Barnett Details Courtesy: Devon 300 Geologic Age Lithology Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%) Mississippian Siliceous Mudstone
12 Eagle Ford
13 Eagle Ford Map Oil Dry Gas Source: Texas RRC
14 Source: Wilcox Exploration Eagle Ford Setting
15 Eagle Ford Stratigraphy Source: USGS
16 Eagle Ford Details 200 Source: Matador Geologic Age Lithology Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%) Cretaceous Bituminous shales
17 Haynesville
18 Haynesville Map Source: Family Tree Oil and Gas Corporation
19 Haynesville Setting Source: Goldhammer 1999
20 Haynesville Stratigraphy Source: USGS
21 Haynesville Details 200 Geologic Age Lithology Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%) Upper Jurassic Siliceous/Calcareous MS
22 Marcellus
23 Marcellus Map Source: DOE
24 Marcellus Setting
25 Marcellus Stratigraphy Source: USGS
26 Marcellus Details 100 Source: WVGES Geologic Age Lithology Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%) Middle Devonian Argillaceous Mudstone
27 Horn River
28 Horn River Map Source: BC - EMPR
29 MUSKWA Horn River Setting
30 Horn River Stratigraphy Source: GSC/NEB of Canada
31 Horn River Details Source: BC Ministry of Energy Geologic Age Lithology Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%) Upper Devonian Brittle Shale /
32 Shale Comparisons
33 Gas in Place per Section Source: NEB
34 Basin Marcellus Eagle Ford Haynesville Horn River Barnett Geologic Age Middle Devonian Cretaceous Upper Jurassic Upper Devonian Mississippian Lithology Argillaceous Mudstone Bituminous shales Argillaceous/ Calcareous Brittle Shale Siliceous Mudstone Total Area Size (sq mi) Total Gas (tcf) GIP (bcf/sq mi) / Producable Gas (tcf) Depth (feet) Thickness (feet) Hor Well Cost ($M) Average EUR Pressure (psi) Temperature (F) Ro TOC (%) Porosity (%) Matrix Permeability (nd) Pressure Gradient (psi/ft) Clay Content (%) Adsorbed Gas (%)
35 GIP Rank by Basin Marcellus Eagle Ford Haynesville Horn River Barnett
36 Well Depth by Basin Marcellus Eagle Ford Haynesville Horn River Barnett
37 Thickness by Basin Marcellus Eagle Ford Haynesville Horn River Barnett
38 Geologic Age by Basin Marcellus Eagle Ford Haynesville Horn River Barnett
39 Similar Most shale basins fall in the Devonian-Mississippian fairway Economic shale reservoirs range between ft Devonian-Mississippian shale reservoir wells average ,000 Commercial shale basins generally range between 0.2 and 1.1 microd Prospective shale zones are generally conformably deposited on carbonate platforms and are conformably overlain by carbonates or other shales Shale plays are generally gas-focused Shale plays generally have a single economic target Shale plays are often heavily fractured and faulted
40 Yet so different Some of the best shale gas basins are Mesozoic and lie on the south side of major thrust belts (Eagle Ford, Haynesville) Some of the best shale gas basins have deeper well depths of 10,000-13,000 (Eagle Ford, Haynesville) Increasingly, shale plays are being developed as joint gas/oil assets (Barnett, Eagle Ford) Some shale plays have multiple, adjacent levels economic for development (Horn River) Differences in depth, thickness and age have little correlation with gas-in-place between shale plays
41 Hydrocarbon Potential Crackability Map TOC, mineralogy, fracturing and stresses are major driver of gas-in-place within shale plays Existing Fractures Induced Fractures
42 Hydrocarbon Potential TOC, thermal maturity, kerogen percentage, thickness, porosity, organic/matrix permeability
43 Crackability Maps Elastic inversion, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Young s modulus, Poisson s ratio (Vp/Vs)
44 Existing Fault/Fracture Map Incoherence, curvature, fault moment, FMI
45 Induced Fracture Maps Velocity anisotropy, curvature, triaxial stress, stress maps
46 Acknowledgements Huge thanks to anonymous data donors and Devon and Global Geophysical Services Many sources were used for data in this study, including USGS, NEB, GSC, BC-EM, WVGS, Hart s Unconventional Gas Center, American Oil and Gas Reporter, Oil and Gas Journal, and more Thanks to Michael Roth and Transform Software and Services Electronic version of abstract and slides (without seismic) available on Contact me with questions: murray@transformsw.com
47
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