GY 111: Physical Geology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GY 111: Physical Geology"

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 21: Rock Deformation Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

2 Last Time A) How long is long? B) Geological time divisions Web notes 20

3 Geological Time The problem is that we have to deal with a lot of time. 4.6 GA = 4,600,000,000 years Demo time

4 Geological Time

5 Geological Time Time Eon Time 0 MA (today) Phanerozoic 550 MA to 0 MA Proterozoic 2.5 GA to 550 Ma 4.6 GA Archean Hadean 4.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga 4.6 Ga to 4.2 Ga Eons: the largest division of geological time

6 Geological Time Time Eon Era Time 0 MA (today) Phanerozoic Cenozoic 65 MA to 0 MA Mesozoic 245 MA to 65 MA Paleozoic 550 MA to 245 MA Proterozoic Neoproterozoic 900 MA to 550 Ma 4.6 GA Archean Hadean Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic 1.6 GA to 900 MA 2.5 GA to 1.6 GA 4.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga 4.6 Ga to 4.2 Ga Eras: the 3-fold division of the eons

7 Geological Time Era Cenozoic (0 to 65 Ma) Period Quaternary (0 to 2 Ma) Tertiary (2 MA to 65 Ma) Periods: the most useful subdivisions of (mostly) the Phanerozoic eon Mesozoic (65 to 251 Ma) Paleozoic (251 to 542 Ma) Proterozoic (2500 Ma to 542 Ma) Cretaceous (65 to 144 Ma) Jurassic (144 to 208 Ma) Triassic (208 to 251 Ma) Permian (251 to 286 Ma) Pennsylvanian (286 to 320 Ma) Mississippian (320 to 362 Ma) Devonian (362 to 418 Ma) Silurian(418 to 441 Ma) Ordovician (441 to 505 Ma) Cambrian (505 to 542 Ma)

8 Geological Time Era Period Epoch Cenozoic (0 to 65 Ma) Quaternary (0 to 2 Ma) Holocene (0 to 10 Ka) Pleistocene (10 Ka to 2 Ma) Tertiary (2 MA to 65 Ma) Pliocene (2 Ma to 5 Ma) Miocene (5 Ma to 24 Ma) Oligocene (24 to 37 Ma) Eocene (37 Ma to 58 Ma) Periods: the most useful subdivisions of (mostly) the Phanerozoic eon Mesozoic (65 to 251 Ma) Paleozoic (251 to 542 Ma) Cretaceous (65 to 144 Ma) Jurassic (144 to 208 Ma) Triassic (208 to 251 Ma) Permian (251 to 286 Ma) Pennsylvanian (286 to 320 Ma) Mississippian (320 to 362 Ma) Paleocene (58 to 65 Ma) Lots of Epochs in All Periods Devonian (362 to 418 Ma) Silurian(418 to 441 Ma) Ordovician (441 to 505 Ma) Cambrian (505 to 542 Ma) Proterozoic (2500 Ma to 542 Ma) Ediacarin* (600 to 542 Ma) Cryogenian* (850 to 600 Ma)

9 Geological Time (It s still be revised)

10 Today s Agenda Rock Deformation A) Confining pressure and rock deformation B) Elastic versus permanent deformation C) Types of deformation D) Test review? Web notes 21 Lab Manual Chapter 5

11 Rock Deformation Rock deformation: any change in the volume, shape or orientation of a rock body.

12 Rock Deformation Orientation (or attitude): sedimentary bedding starts off horizontal, but can be deformed into any configuration. Law of Superposition Law of Original Horizontality Two of the 5 Stratigraphy Principles

13 Stratigraphy Stratigraphy: the study, classification and correlation of rock layers and layering

14 Stratigraphic Principles 1) The principle of superposition that states in any sedimentary succession that has not been overturned, the oldest strata occur on the bottom.

15 Stratigraphic Principles 1) The principle of superposition that states in any sedimentary succession that has not been overturned, the oldest strata* occur on the bottom. 2) The principle of original horizontality that states sedimentary layers are originally deposited as horizontal sheets *the generic name we use when we are discussing sedimentary rock layers

16 Beds in 3D Space All sedimentary beds are initially deposited in horizontal sheets (strata). But you may not initially appreciate this with my 2D cartoons.

17 Beds in 3D Space All sedimentary beds are initially deposited in horizontal sheets (strata). But you may not initially appreciate this with my 2D cartoons.

18 Rock Deformation The strength of materials (including rocks) can be tested in labs using hydraulic presses. All materials behave elastically up to a point. Once past the elastic limit, deformation becomes permanent. Demonstration

19 Stress & Strain Stress: a force applied to an area (Example: tire pressure in psi) Strain: the amount of deformation produced by stress Elastic strain: analogous to a steel spring or rubber band Plastic strain: analogous to deforming mud or putty Brittle strain: analogous to breaking glass

20 Stress vs. Strain Diagrams Illustrate the mechanical behavior of rock materials Ductile deformation requires a significant component of plastic mechanical behavior Ductile Deformation Stress Elastic Limit Distortion below the elastic limit is 100% recoverable Strain %

21 Stress vs. Strain Diagrams Illustrate the mechanical behavior of rock materials Ductile deformation requires a significant component of plastic mechanical behavior Ductile Deformation Stress Elastic Limit Distortion below the elastic limit is 100% recoverable Strain %

22 Stress vs. Strain Diagrams Illustrate the mechanical behavior of rock materials Ductile deformation requires a significant component of plastic mechanical behavior Ductile Deformation plastic Stress Elastic Limit Distortion below the elastic limit is 100% recoverable Strain %

23 Stress vs. Strain Diagrams Illustrate the mechanical behavior of rock materials Brittle: rocks near the surface of the Earth behave as brittle materials Brittle Deformation Stress Elastic Limit Distortion below the elastic limit is 100% recoverable Strain %

24 Stress vs. Strain Diagrams Illustrate the mechanical behavior of rock materials Brittle: rocks near the surface of the Earth behave as brittle materials Brittle Deformation Stress Rupture Distortion below the elastic limit is 100% recoverable Strain %

25 Mechanical Behavior of Rocks Near-surface rocks that are under low T-P conditions behave as brittle material: Fault fracture (slippage) Joint fracture (no slippage) Deep rocks under elevated T-P conditions behave as ductile material: Folding

26 Today s Homework 1. Mac n Cheese Bonus (last days) Next Time 1. Quiz (multiple choice) Thursday 2. Thursday: begin Metamorphic rocks

27 GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 21: Rock Deformation Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM)

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 22: Agents of Metamorphism Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Rock Deformation A) Confining pressure

More information

Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 7 & 8: Dating Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. William Smith and Water 2. Stratigraphic Principles 3.

More information

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary Age of Earth/Geologic Time Vocabulary Big Ideas Geologic Time Earth Structures Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive

More information

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 The correct answers are listed at the bottom (no peeking!). These questions are to give you an idea of the type of questions that will be asked. They are not a

More information

Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils Part 1: Telling Time Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) Stable isotopes of use to geology (fractionation)

More information

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin

More information

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Time How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Stonehenge is 2000+ BC and indicates that ancient cultures counted days and knew precisely the repeat cycle of the seasons. 1 Renaissance

More information

The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle

The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief

More information

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments

More information

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture? CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes. Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological

More information

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time HISTORICAL GEOLOGY Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time Historical Geology A. Measuring Time 1. Relative Time (Relative Age) Measurement of time using comparison. No numbers used; uses words

More information

The Proterozoic Part 1

The Proterozoic Part 1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History The Proterozoic Part 1 Lectures 18/19: Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) The Early Atmosphere 2) The Oceans and Hydrosphere 3)

More information

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally Geologic Time Rock cycle diagram Leaves of History Chapter 21 Lateral Continuity Principle of Original Horizontality Sediment is deposited horizontally Principle of Superposition Oldest rock A Younger

More information

Earth - Home Sweet Home. Sunday, August 18, 13

Earth - Home Sweet Home. Sunday, August 18, 13 Earth - Home Sweet Home 1 From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous: Formation of the Solar Systems and Planets 2 Perspective on our place in the The Milky Way Galaxy video Perspective on our place in the The

More information

Geologic Time. Geologic Events

Geologic Time. Geologic Events Geologic Time Much of geology is focused on understanding Earth's history. The physical characteristics of rocks and minerals offer clues to the processes and conditions on and within Earth in the past.

More information

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions

Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Science Data Representation Questions: Strategies and Sample Questions Focus on understanding what information is given. Review any additional information given (descriptive paragraphs, headings, scale

More information

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE

Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE Geological Time Scale UG Hons.1 st Year) 1 DR. CHANDAN SURABHI DAS ASST. PROF. IN GEOGRAPHY BARASAT GOVT. COLLEGE 2 Imagine putting everything that has happened on Earth into a one hour time frame! 3 12:00am

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative

More information

Fossils: evidence of past life

Fossils: evidence of past life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed and

More information

Petroleum Systems (Part One) Source, Generation, and Migration

Petroleum Systems (Part One) Source, Generation, and Migration Petroleum Systems (Part One) Source, Generation, and Migration GEOL 4233 Class January 2008 Petroleum Systems Elements Source Rock Migration Route Reservoir Rock Seal Rock Trap Processes Generation Migration

More information

GY 112: Earth History

GY 112: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lectures 31: Mesozoic Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Mesozoic Overview A) The end of the Paleozoic B) Mesozoic time frame and evolutionary

More information

Lecture 24: Paleozoic 1:

Lecture 24: Paleozoic 1: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 24: Paleozoic 1: Laurentia Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time (before the exam) The Cambrian Explosion A) Why a Cambrian explosion B)

More information

GY 112: Earth History. Fossils Part:

GY 112: Earth History. Fossils Part: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils Part: Telling Time Predicting Paleoenvironments Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. Chronostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy 2. Paleontological

More information

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 5: Clever Thinking 2: Plate Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last time... 1. The first geologists and their

More information

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale

Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Deep Time and the Geologic Time Scale Prior to the 1700 s deep time did not exist... According to Genesis the Earth was created in 6 days about 6000 years ago. Earth history = Biblical history Dinosaurs

More information

Remains or traces of prehistoric life

Remains or traces of prehistoric life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated p mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed

More information

GEOLOGY GL1 Foundation Unit

GEOLOGY GL1 Foundation Unit Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number 2 General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced 451/01 GEOLOGY GL1 Foundation Unit P.M. THURSDAY, 10 January 2008 (1 hour) Examiner Question

More information

Quiz Nine (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Nine (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Nine (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALAAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 25: Paleozoic 2: More Laurentia! Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time The Paleozoic of North America 1) Laurentian

More information

Quiz 12 Bonus 2 (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz 12 Bonus 2 (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz 12 Bonus 2 (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lectures 32 and 33: Mesozoic Sedimentation Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Mesozoic Tectonics A) The Triassic

More information

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating.

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating. Geologic History TIME Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd Does not give the exact date of an event Gives a date or time of an event Uses the Law of Superposition Radioactive Dating Youngest Law

More information

GY 112L: Earth History Lab

GY 112L: Earth History Lab UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises) 1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2)

More information

GY 112L Earth History

GY 112L Earth History GY 112L Earth History Lab 2 Vertical Successions and Sequences of Events GY 112L Instructors: Douglas Haywick, James Connors, Mary Anne Connors Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama

More information

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time)

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Knowing the chronology of events is crucial for interpreting geologic history. One of the early figures in geology, James Hutton, observed of geologic time that there is "No

More information

UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME

UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME Name: Date: Period: UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC TIME The earth is 4.6 billion years old. That s a long time! The scale of geologic time is so different from what human beings experience that it s often quite

More information

Page 143: Geologic Time

Page 143: Geologic Time Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian

More information

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras:

TIME LINE OF LIFE. Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference. 1. Review the eras represented on the Clock of Eras: TIME LINE OF LIFE Material Time Line of Life Working Time Line of Life Clock of Eras Strip for Clock of Eras representing the circumference Elastic strip for Clock of Eras Presentation 1: Overview 1. Review

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes

More information

Lab 4: Structures and Geologic Maps

Lab 4: Structures and Geologic Maps Key Questions: GEOL 1311 Earth Science Lab 4 Structures and Geologic Maps What shapes do rock bodies take in the Earth? How do two-dimensional visualizations of the Earth, such as maps and cross-sections

More information

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy Geologic Time Terms Hadean Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic(Tertiary) Cambrian Unconformity Angular unconformity Half-life Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma ray Neutron UT How

More information

GY 112: Earth History

GY 112: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 8a: Stable Isotope Stratigraphy Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick GY 112: Lecture test preparation Thursday February 9th Word List for Lecture

More information

Study the architecture and processes responsible for deformation of Earth s crust. Folding and Faulting

Study the architecture and processes responsible for deformation of Earth s crust. Folding and Faulting Crustal Deformation AKA Structural geology (adapted from Brunkel, 2012) Study the architecture and processes responsible for deformation of Earth s crust. Folding and Faulting How Rocks Deform: 4 Controls

More information

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD NAME Multiple Choice 1. Fossils are most commonly found in A. sedimentary rocks. B. metamorphic rocks. C. igneous rocks. D. all kinds of rocks.

More information

UNIT 10 MOUNTAIN BUILDING AND EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTS

UNIT 10 MOUNTAIN BUILDING AND EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTS UNIT 10 MOUNTAIN BUILDING AND EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTS ROCK DEFORMATION Tectonic forces exert different types of stress on rocks in different geologic environments. STRESS The first, called confining stress

More information

Name. GEOL.5220 Structural Geology Faults, Folds, Outcrop Patterns and Geologic Maps. I. Properties of Earth Materials

Name. GEOL.5220 Structural Geology Faults, Folds, Outcrop Patterns and Geologic Maps. I. Properties of Earth Materials I. Properties of Earth Materials GEOL.5220 Structural Geology Faults, Folds, Outcrop Patterns and Geologic Maps Name When rocks are subjected to differential stress the resulting build-up in strain can

More information

Earth History

Earth History Earth History 89.331 Course information Prof. Lori Weeden Office: Olney 402b Office phone: 978-934-3344 Lori_weeden@uml.edu Course web page: http://faculty.uml.edu/lweeden/earthlife.htm Earth System History

More information

Geologic Time. This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017

Geologic Time. This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017 Page 1 of 16 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Geologic Time This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017 From the beginning of this course, we have stated that the Earth is

More information

There are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth

There are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift There are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence

More information

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 9: Walther s Law Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda 1. Walther s Law 2. Sequence stratigraphy 3. Markov Chain Analysis Named

More information

Geological Time How old is the Earth

Geological Time How old is the Earth Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

Answers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy)

Answers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy) Answers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy) 1. Analyse the adjustment of the crust to changes in loads associated with volcanism, mountain building, erosion, and glaciation by using the concept

More information

IRAQ. Target Exploration. Geodynamic Evolutions of The Sedimentary Basins of. This study is a major reference for Petroleum

IRAQ. Target Exploration. Geodynamic Evolutions of The Sedimentary Basins of. This study is a major reference for Petroleum barr Target Exploration Target Exploration Geodynamic Evolutions of The Sedimentary Basins of IRAQ This study is a major reference for Petroleum Explorationists on the tectonics, stratigraphy, sedimentary

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about

More information

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Superposition and horizontality tell stories in rocks. Key

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 3: The Rock Cycle Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. Alfred Wegener and Drifting Continents 2. The Plate Tectonic Revolution 3.

More information

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst

Geologic Time. Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Mr. Skirbst Geologic Time Geologic Time Scale Describing and dividing major events of Earth s history Like a timeline of your life! Birth Like a timeline of your life! Like a timeline of

More information

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 6: Primary and Diagnostic Sedimentary Structures Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Lecture 1. Models of traction structures 2.

More information

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 5: Bedform Development (Flume Studies) Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Lecture 1. What s a flume? 2. Traction induced bed forms

More information

THE COMMISSION FOR THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

THE COMMISSION FOR THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE WORLD IGCP Paris February 19, 2014 UNESCO THE COMMISSION FOR THE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE WORLD Some milestones in the life of CGMW 1881: 2 nd IGC (Bologna) Creation of the Commission for the International Geological

More information

Team members (First and Last Names): Fossil lab

Team members (First and Last Names): Fossil lab Team members (First and Last Names): Period: Group #: Fossil lab Background: Fossils are traces of organisms that lived in the past. When fossils are found, they are carefully excavated and then analyzed.

More information

History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth Lesson 4 The History of Life on Earth ESSENTIAL QUESTION How has life on Earth changed over time? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the evolution of life on Earth over time, using

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

SCIENCE SAMPLER ~ Geology ~ Unit 4 of 5

SCIENCE SAMPLER ~ Geology ~ Unit 4 of 5 College Guild PO Box 6448, Brunswick ME 04011 SCIENCE SAMPLER ~ Geology ~ Unit 4 of 5 1 Over the past three units we have learned about the birth of the universe, the laws of nature, and the structure

More information

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Questions? Key Points for today What are the 5 relative age dating principles and how do you apply the principles to determine a geologic history

More information

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Next Class: 1) Go over Exam 2 2) Continue: Telling Time Geologically 3) In Class Exercise: Radiometric dating Introduction to

More information

Rock cycle diagram. Relative dating. Placing rocks and events in proper sequence of formation Deciphering Earth s history from clues in the rocks

Rock cycle diagram. Relative dating. Placing rocks and events in proper sequence of formation Deciphering Earth s history from clues in the rocks Geologic Time Rock cycle diagram Leaves of History Chapter 21 Modern geology Uniformitarianism Fundamental principle of geology "The present is the key to the past Relative dating Placing rocks and events

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 1: Introduction to Physical Geology Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda 1. Introductions and class policy 2. What do geologists

More information

GY 112: Earth History

GY 112: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 4: Clever Thinking: Geological Principles Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. Formation of the solar system 2. Formation and differentiation

More information

Mesozoic rock formations in the NY region. The Geologic History of New York State. The Mesozoic. Mesozoic Rock Formations in the NY Region

Mesozoic rock formations in the NY region. The Geologic History of New York State. The Mesozoic. Mesozoic Rock Formations in the NY Region The eologic History of New York State The Mesozoic eologic Provinces NY Region Timescale and geologic provinces of NY-NJ Mesozoic Rock Formations in the NY Region Mesozoic rock formations in the NY region

More information

Stress and Strain. Stress is a force per unit area. Strain is a change in size or shape in response to stress

Stress and Strain. Stress is a force per unit area. Strain is a change in size or shape in response to stress Geologic Structures Geologic structures are dynamically-produced patterns or arrangements of rock or sediment that result from, and give information about, forces within the Earth Produced as rocks change

More information

Section 7. Reading the Geologic History of Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 7. Reading the Geologic History of Your Community. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 3 Minerals, Rocks, and Structures Section 7 Reading the Geologic History of Your Community What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Goals Text Learning Outcomes In this section,

More information

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old 1 GEOLOGIC TIME HISTORICAL NOTES Catastrophism James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology 1830. 3 HOW DO WE

More information

454/01 GEOLOGY GL4 EXTENSION GEOLOGY. P.M. FRIDAY, 14 June (2 Hours)

454/01 GEOLOGY GL4 EXTENSION GEOLOGY. P.M. FRIDAY, 14 June (2 Hours) WELSH JOINT EDUCATION COMMITTEE General Certificate of Education Advanced CYD-BWYLLGOR ADDYSG CYMRU Tystysgrif Addysg Gyffredinol Uwch 454/01 GEOLOGY GL4 EXTENSION GEOLOGY P.M. FRIDAY, 14 June 2002 (2

More information

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 16: Volcaniclastic Petrography Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time (online) Moscow Landing, Alabama Photo credit: Jan Smit (http://www.geo.vu.nl/~smit/indexjansmit/jansmitindex.htm)

More information

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina Geologic Time Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era,

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

Good Day everyone! Today is Wednesday 10/4/17

Good Day everyone! Today is Wednesday 10/4/17 Good Day everyone! Today is Wednesday 10/4/17 Agenda: 1. Warm Up 2. Video: Intro to the Geologic Time Scale 3. Notes: Geologic Time Scale a. How the Geologic Time Scale is Organized b. Principle of Uniformitarianism

More information

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to

More information

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck)

The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The Significance of the Fossil Record ( Susan Matthews and Graeme Lindbeck) The fossil record indicates the evolutionary history of life. Many events together, including: continental drift, changes in

More information

GEOLOGIC HISTORY DIAGRAMS

GEOLOGIC HISTORY DIAGRAMS NAME: Log onto YouTube and search for jocrisci channel. GEOLOGIC HISTORY DIAGRAMS (Video 6.1) 1. Given a geologic cross section, you must be able to recognize folding, faulting, intrusions, unconformities,

More information

Crustal Deformation Earth - Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.

Crustal Deformation Earth - Chapter Pearson Education, Inc. Crustal Deformation Earth - Chapter 10 Structural Geology Structural geologists study the architecture and processes responsible for deformation of Earth s crust. A working knowledge of rock structures

More information

Absolute Time. Part 8 Geochronology and the Time Scale

Absolute Time. Part 8 Geochronology and the Time Scale Absolute Time Part 8 Geochronology and the Time Scale Unless otherwise noted the artwork and photographs in this slide show are original and by Burt Carter. Permission is granted to use them for non-commercial,

More information

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old Geologic History Earth is very, very old Earth s History The history of Earth and the ages of rocks can be investigated and understood by studying rocks and fossils. Evidence of ancient, often extinct

More information

Earth s s Geologic History

Earth s s Geologic History The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 14: Sedimentary Rocks Part 2: Alluvial Fans and Rivers Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) Types of Sediment 2) Sedimentary Rock

More information

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013 Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation

More information

GY 112L: Earth History Lab

GY 112L: Earth History Lab UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 9: Paleozoic Part 3 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 3 (Week 9 exercises) 1) Brachiopods 2) Molluscs 3) Alabama

More information

TimeWalk. create your own

TimeWalk. create your own It is difficult to convey the immensity of time spanning Earth s history and the geological events and processes that have shaped the world we live in. To assist, Geoscience Australia established a 1.1km

More information

What is the Earth s time scale?

What is the Earth s time scale? Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.

More information

Deep Time: How Old Is Old?

Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Updated by: Based on slides prepared by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Ronald L. Parker, Senior Geologist

More information

GEO 303. Introduction to Geology LAB FINAL EXAM

GEO 303. Introduction to Geology LAB FINAL EXAM Name Lab section: Day Hour TA GEO 303 Introduction to Geology LAB FINAL EXAM Spring, 1999 100 points 2 INSTRUCTION: This multiple-choice, machine-graded exam consists of 100 questions, each worth 1 point.

More information

Geol 101: Physical Geology Spring 2006 EXAM 2

Geol 101: Physical Geology Spring 2006 EXAM 2 Geol 101: Physical Geology Spring 2006 EXAM 2 Write your name out in full on the scantron form and fill in the corresponding ovals to spell out your name. Also fill in your student ID number in the space

More information

Lab 6: Plate tectonics, structural geology and geologic maps

Lab 6: Plate tectonics, structural geology and geologic maps Geology 103 Name(s): Lab 6: Plate tectonics, structural geology and geologic maps Objective: To show the effects of plate tectonics on a large-scale set of rocks and to reconstruct the geological history

More information

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology

GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology Lecture 8: Sedimentary Facies Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Sedimentary sections 1. Important sedimentary data 2. Examples of sedimentary

More information

Unit 5: Earth s History Practice Problems

Unit 5: Earth s History Practice Problems Name: Date: 1. Which bedrock would be most likely to contain fossils? A. Precambrian granite B. Cambrian shale C. Pleistocene basalt D. Middle-Proterozoic quartzite 6. Base your answer(s) to the following

More information

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds

More information

Theme 7. Metamorphic rocks. Distinguishing rock types

Theme 7. Metamorphic rocks. Distinguishing rock types Theme 7. Metamorphic rocks. Distinguishing rock types 7.1. Metamorphic rocks formation 7.2. Classification of metamorphic rocks 7.3. Distinguishing rock types 7.1. Metamorphic rocks formation 7.1. Metamorphic

More information