LNEG Board of Directors Machado Leite November PORTUGUESE ORNAMENTAL STONES Potential and Perspectives
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1 LNEG Board of Directors Machado Leite November 2016 PORTUGUESE ORNAMENTAL STONES Potential and Perspectives
2 MISSION Research and Knowledge transfer for the Society and Economy LNEG National Laboratory for Energy and Geology VISION networking, seeking excellence and recognition by Society LEN Laboratory of Energy Member of European Energy Research Alliance EERA National Geological Survey EGS LGM Laboratory of Geology and Mining Member of European Geological Surveys >2.000 Professionals > Geologists 42
3 LNEG Monographs Granites and Similar Rocks of Portugal Portuguese Ornamental Marbles and Limestones Chapters: Geology, Petrography and Chemistry Physic-mechanical properties Mining and sustainability Application and Architecture Protection and restoration Catalogues 54 marbles 37 limestones 52 granites 6 Schists List of Producers Subject this presentation: 1. Igneous Stones 2. Limestones 3. Metamorphics Rocks
4 1- Igneous Stones Simplified classification Tonality Texture Tonality Tonality Leucocrate Visible crystals (plutonic rocks) Granites Syenites Gabbros Diorites Very small crystals (volcanic rocks) Ryolites Traquites Basaltes Andesites Mesocrate Peridotites Anphibolites Piroxenites STRECKEISEN classification IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences Modal composition: Q - Quartz A Alkaline Feldspar P - Plagioclase F Feldspathoidal minerals
5 BASIC ROCKS INTERMEDIATE ROCKS ACIDIC ROCKS Resistance to Abrasion Wear More Quartz 1- Igneous Stones Petrography and technological properties QUARTZ ALKAL. FELDS. Resistance to Atmospheric Weathering More stable minerals GRANITE GRANODIORITE ACIDIC PLAGIO. DIORITE GABBRO OTHERS OTHERS INTERM. PLAGIO OTHERS OTHERS CALCIC PLAIO.
6 Portuguese Igneous Stones Geographical distribution of Portuguese Ornamental Granites and similar stones Rosa Monção Cinzento Claro Grande Cristal Cristal Amarelo Cinzento S. Torcato Cristal Azul Cinzento Cinfães Branco Coral Cinzento Antas Pórfiro Ácido Sienito Monchique Verde Donai Cinzento Claro Cinza Telões Amarelo Vila Real Amarelo Figueira Cinzento de Pinhel Cinzento Claro Rosa Arronches Rosa Monforte Rosa Sta. Eulália Rosado Claro Branco Vimioso Cabo Verde Cinzento Diorito Granite Acidic Porphiry Diorite Gabbro Syenite Serpentinite
7 Portuguese Igneous Stones Tonality: Whitish to light greyish rocks
8 Portuguese Igneous Stones Tonality: Greyish to dark greyish rocks
9 2 - Limestones Simplified classification - FOLK, 1972 Detrital material Alochemical Rocks Carbonate sediments coming from outside the sedimentary basin Ortochemical Rocks Carbonate material chemically precipitated in place Coral Reefs carbonates Clastic Fossils Oolites Pellets
10 Portuguese Limestones Geographical distribution of production centers: - Codaçal - Moleanos - Pé de Pedreira - Cabeça Veada - Salgueiras - Fátima g Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal Casal Moura, INETI, 2007
11 Portuguese Limestones Textures and Petrographic fabric some examples - Carbonate breccia - Compact limestones - Good mechanic properties - Homogenous textures Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal Casal Moura, INETI, 2007
12 3 - Metamorphic Rocks Petrographic classification of Portuguese Metamorphic rocks: Black Slate Marbles Good quality Marbles Good quality Black Slate Dark Serpentinite Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal Casal Moura, INETI, 2007
13 Portuguese Marbles Textures and Petrographic fabric some examples - Calcitic marbles - > 90% calcite - Fine grained - Whitish, pinkish, greenish, violetish marbles Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal Casal Moura, INETI, 2007
14 Portuguese Marbles Geographical distribution of production centers Estremoz-Borba-Vila Viçosa geological anticline Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal Casal Moura, INETI, 2007
15 Portuguese Slate and Schist Valongo Canelas Bluisk grey to dark grey homogeneous, compact, finely grained and clear cleavage Slate Foz CôaSchist Fine grained dark-grey layered schist, showing deformation and irregular cleavage Barrancos Schist Micaceous schist, greenish tonality, sometimes yellowish, reddish,showing bioturbations Mourão Schist Greyish or bluish-grey schist, with spots and dark-grey punctuations
16 ROP LNEG portal for Ornamental Stones - Selection of the adequate lithotypes for a given purpose Search Engine Expert system supports Technical the decision constraints choosen by the operator Encreasing quality exigency
17 Technological Properties A good choice implies: Selection of the lithotype that better fits the fundamental use but also Dimensioning the construction elements according to its structural expected behavior Especificações para a Pedra Natural (Contributos para a Selecção e para o Dimensionamento) A. Casal Moura Boletim de Minas, 41 (2) Example: Recommended thickness (calculated) for slabs and cubes
18 Final Remarks Lisbon the City of Lioz Limestone Portuguese know-how and tradition using Ornamental Stones The extensive use of Lioz limestone in the reconstruction of the down-town of Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake has proved to have been a good choice: It is a raw-material from the region (Pero Pinheiro quarries) Its remarkable aesthetical and physico-mechanical capacities - one of the most resistant limestones to atmospheric weathering and to abrasion wear Monuments D. José I statue; Basílica da Estrela (ROP - Casal Moura LNEG) Photos -
19 Final Remarks Lioz Limestone Portuguese know-how and tradition using Ornamental Stones Story of the transportation of a big Lioz piece for the balcony of the Mafra Convent, weighing about 37 tones (7 x 6 x 0,64 m) sentirportugus.blogspot.com José Saramago, the Portuguese Literature Nobel Prize, in his masterpiece the Memorial do Convento, immortalized Baltasar, a former wheel barrow carrier who was promoted to ox commander of more than 400 oxen that pulled the wagon with the stone from Pero Pinheiro (Sintra, Lisbon) to Mafra (15 km away) this fictional romance will keep Lioz limestone to last for the times to come
20 Final Remarks Portuguese know-how and tradition using Ornamental Stones Porto the City of Granite Colonnades and arcades of different styles
21 Final Remarks Porto the City of Granite Portuguese know-how and tradition using Ornamental Stones Dimension stone and other facade elements
22 Final Remarks Can Portugal increase competiveness as exporter of manufactured ornamental stone? Portuguese ornamental stones are demanded from different parts of the World Portugal is the second ranked Ornamental Stone country in volume/capita, with rock reserves computed as: 270 Mm 3 granites 76 Mm 3 limestones 51 Mm 3 marbles 9 Mm 3 slates
23 Final Remarks Can Portugal increase competiveness as exporter of manufactured ornamental stone? Portuguese ornamental stones are demanded from different parts of the World Good and modern equipment and technologies to increase adding-value (high to low thickness) Importing high quality ornamental stones from other countries to enlarge national trade palettes Good infrastructures for internal transports and exportation Fluvial route of Douro River serves the triangle Viseu-Guarda-Mogadouro where there are huge reserves of high quality granites, adequate for several purposes The Atlantic border is a bridge to other Continents Portuguese Speaking Countries is a challenging market
24 Thanks for your attention
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