Minnelusa Play: The impact of tectonics and an ancient dune field on production

Transcription

1 Minnelusa Play: The impact of tectonics and an ancient dune field on production Steven G. Fryberger ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE

2 Permian Tectonic Map of Wyoming 200 miles after Inden, et al, 1996

3 PermoPennsylvanian Uplifts of the Rocky Mountains 200 mi after Inden, et al 1996, Stone, 1975 and Maughan, 1983

4 Permo-Pennsylvanian Rocks of the Northern Rockies after Inden, et al, 1996 Minnelusa Tensleep

5 Permian P Distribution of Permian Sandstones, and age of underlying formations (after RMAG Atlas, 1972)

6 Middle Minnelusa Thickness (ft.) Desmoines, Missouri, Virgil after Trotter, 1984 A Sheridan B Buffalo Gillette Newcastle B A

7 Upper Minnelusa Thickness (ft.) After Trotter, 1984 Sheridan A Swartz draw C sand field Buffalo Gillette B Newcastle B A

8 A A NW Montana Minnelusa Cross Section A-A after Trotter, 1984 Wyoming SE Upper Minnelusa (Wolfcamp) Middle Minnelusa (Virgil, Missouri, Demoines) Lower Minnelusa (Atoka, Morrow) Mississippian

9 SW to NE Minnelusa Cross Section B-B (after Trotter, 1984) B B SW NE Opeche Upper Minnelusa Middle Minnelusa Lower Minnelusa

10 Minnelusa Oil Fields: Northern Powder River Basin after Trotter, 1984 A Zero edge Minnekahta Sheridan Swartz Draw Camp Creek Buffalo Gillette B Kaycee B Newcastle A

11 South to North Stratigraphic truncation of Upper Minnelusa Fm. after Fryberger, 1984 C -South C Sand A Sand D Sand B Sand

12 Minnelusa Production fairways by Zone C Sand B Sand Upper B Sand A Sand A Zero edge Minnekahta Sheridan Swartz Draw Rocky Point C Camp Creek Buffalo Gillette? B? X Kaycee B C Newcastle A

13 Minnelusa Hydocarbon Fairway Trapping configurations Fryberger, 2013

14 Minnelusa Stratigraphic zone Depositional Environment Sand geometry trap style Reservoir quality reservoir connectivity drive mechanism A Sand small dunes in complexes flat to low relief opeche truncation, diagenetic good shallow, poor deeper goodpoor DEP Coastal dunes of the Jafurah sand sea, Saudi Arabia

15 Minnelusa Stratigraphic zone Upper B Sand Depositional Environment small dunes in complexes Sand geometry trap style Reservoir quality Fills topo lows opeche truncation, pinchout reservoir connectivity drive mechanism commonly very good excellent DEP Tom Clisham Interdune cross bedding, Jafurah Sand Sea, Saudi Arabia

16 Minnelusa zone Depositional Environment Sand geometry trap style Reservoir quality reservoir connectivity drive B Sand medium dunes, complexes dune buildups Opeche truncation, geomorphic good-poor, coarser sands than A good water drive Slipface with avalanches, Jafurah Sand Sea, Saudi Arabia

17 Minnelusa zone Depositional Environment Sand geometry trap style Reservoir quality reservoir connectivity drive mechanism C Sand mediumlarge dunes dune buld-ups geomorphic, less common Opeche excellent porosity many areas excellent strong water drive Saline evaporites at Bristol Dry Lake, California

18 Minnelusa zone D Sand Depositional Environment Sand geometry trap style Reservoir quality reservoir connectivity drive mechanism small dunes, shoreline sands flat porosity loss fair unknown unknown Star dunes of the Rub al Khali near Umm As Samim, Oman

19 Raven Creek Minnelusa Oil Field, Wyoming after Charles Trantor, 1963 Minnelusa outcrops Raven Creek Dan Bean s line of doom Raven Creek

20 Raven Creek Field A sand truncation trap after Charles Trantor, 1963 A Sand Raven Creek Field Contour interval 20 Isopach Upper Minnelusa A Sand

21 Minnelusa Cross Section at Raven Creek Field after Charles Trantor, 1963 A Sand

22 Raven Creek Oil Field Core Cross Section and Depositional Model after Fryberger, 1984 (left) and A.E. Allen, 1966 (right)

23 Facies control of productivity: Camp Creek B Sand Minnelusa Field after A.E. Allen, 1966 (left) and Fryberger, 1984 (right) Low Perm Productive

24 Big Hand Minnelusa B Sand oil field, Wyoming (After George, 1984)

25 Minnelusa B sand: Top Minnelusa structure (ft) After George, 1984

26 Big Hand Minnelusa oil field cross section A-A (After George, 1984) A Sand B Sand B dolomite

27 Big Hand Minnelusa B Sand oil Field cross section B-B After George, 1984

28 Big Hand Minnelusa B Sand oil Field cross section D-D After George, 1984 Tight, dolomitic sand

29 Rourke Gap: 5700 C Sand Minnelusa oil field After Fryberger, 1984

30 The Minnelusa C Sand Erg B dolomite isopach reveals dune buildups Gillette after Fryberger, 1993

31 Rourke Gap Minnelusa C sand field (After Fryberger, 1984) A Sand B Sand C Dune Complex

32 Distribution of Minnelusa Oil Fields Opeche channels/structure A Sand Upper B Sand B Sand C Sand 50/70 49/72 49/71 49/70 49/69 49/68 48/70 47/70 UB sand SE limit approx Fryberger 2013 B sand SE limit approx

33 Index Map Donkey Creek North Field (Upper B Sand) Upper B Sand A Sand B Sand C Sand Opeche greater than 80 feet thick Black contours show structure TVDSS Fryberger, 2013

34 Isopach of Upper B Sand with 3D seismic outline, 1992 after Frederick et al.1995??

35 North Donkey Creek Field Stratigraphy of the field extension well after Frederick et al

36 Seismic across the extension well at Donkey Creek North after Frederick et al.1995

37 1000 feet Donkey Creek North 3D seismic After Frederick et al.1995

38 Minnelusa facies in outlier fields: Camp Creek B Sand After A.E. Allen 1963 B Sand B dolomite

39 Minnelusa facies in outlier fields: Reno after A.E. Allen, 1966 after beard, % Secondary porosity? Porosity versus depth, PP sands

40 Regional tectonics, principally erosion, have determined the present distribution of Minnelusa sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs in Wyoming. Uplift in the Bighorns and ancestral front range removed or limited deposition of Permian rocks that comprise most of the present Minnelusa production. Erosion beneath the post- Wolfcampian unconformity has created stratigraphic traps for petroleum in the Upper Minnelusa. The coastal eolian depositional system of the Minnelusa has resulted in sedimentary features that control production characteristics. The partial preservation of dune relief has resulted in discrete sandstone reservoirs comprised of dune or shoreline sands. Oil is trapped by relief on the dunes, and lateral seals created by tighter facies such as sandy sabkhas and marine dolomites. Diagenetic relationships include abundance of anhydrite and other cements subject to dissolution and creation of secondary porosity. Texture also imposes strong controls on reservoir behavior, along with poroperm anisotropy due to cross-bedding.