Topic: Meals astronauts eat in outer space have come a long way, but they still require careful storing and preparation.

Transcription

1 Concept Development Informative text tells information about a topic using facts and details. Before writing informative text, research information about the topic. Find facts and details from multiple sources related to the topic. A fact is a statement that can be proven about the topic. Details give related information all about the same topic. Group Related Information Topic: Meals astronauts eat in outer space have come a long way, but they still require careful storing and preparation. Clean Spaceships Astronauts, like all of us, need to have a clean ship. Since they are far from Earth, the astronauts must take care of all the cleaning themselves. While onboard the spaceship, astronauts must solve the challenge of keeping their spaceship clean when there is no gravity. One of the most critical spaces to keep clean is the kitchen. To help them do this, astronauts take neatly packaged food. Astronauts eat food from a tube, squeezing the semi-liquid substances into their mouths. It does not taste great, but it is an easy way to eat food without dishes or silverware. Eating in Space Modern spaceships have a big menu! Astronauts get to choose their menu before they go into space. They take foods, like cereal, in resealable bags. Other foods like bread, fruit and vegetables, are packaged in special containers to keep them fresh. In addition, each astronaut has his or her own food locker in which to store food. They can pick their own foods, but many astronauts take tortillas because they are an easy way to hold and eat all kinds of food. Tortillas are packaged in oxygen-free wrappers so they stay CFU fresh. In addition, astronauts have a variety of tools in their kitchens, too. They have forks, knives and spoons with which to eat. They even have an oven that can heat up to 77 degrees Celsius with which to cook. 1

2 Concept Development Informative text tells information about a topic using facts and details. Before writing informative text, research information about the topic. Find facts and details from multiple sources related to the topic. A fact is a statement that can be proven about the topic. Details give related information all about the same topic. Beginning (Introduction) Middle/ Body (facts and details) Ending (Conclusion) CFU Topic: Eating food in space requires planning Information Topic: What or who is the text about? Fact # 1 Fact # 2 Fact # 3 Conclusion: How should the text end? Which information below is related to the information provided? How do you know? A They use wet wipes in plastic bags to clean the dishes. Facts & Details Meals astronauts eat in outer space have come a long way, but they still require careful storing and preparation. Used to take tubes of food, now plan menus Used to take semi-liquid food Now more variety of food Packaged in special containers Tortillas in oxygen-free package Bread, fruit, vegetables in food locker Cooking with special tools Forks, knives and spoons Oven can heat to 77 degrees Celsius Astronauts have a big choice of food to eat. They must store and cook it carefully. B Astronauts can now take cereal and other standard foods with them. In your own words, what does related information refer to? Related information refers to. 2

3 Skill Development/ Guided Practice 1 Read the research, paying attention to the topic. 2 Identify the information needed to complete the graphic organizer. (underline) 3 Complete the graphic organizer. Topic: Historical and physical geologists both study the earth to understand the development of planet Earth. Physical Geology Geologists try to understand the history of the Earth over the course of billions of years. Physical geology studies the different ways the Earth can change. Some of those processes of change are volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes and floods. Volcanoes put new rocks on the Earth s surface from molten lava. Landsides change the shape of land masses. Earthquakes change coastlines and continents. Floods can erode mountains. Each of these processes uses different materials of the earth: rocks, air, seawater, soil and sediment. By studying these materials, scientists can understand these processes. Understanding these processes helps scientists to piece together the history of the Earth. Historical Geography Historical geography studies how the Earth was formed over time. Some geologists use rocks to understand Plate Tectonics, the movement of sections of Earth s crust. By understanding the type of rock and its age, scientists can piece together Earth s history. Other geologists study fossils. Fossils can reveal evolutionary history and can tell scientists about the environment of the past. This information also helps scientists understand how the Earth was formed over time. 3

4 Skill Development/ Guided Practice 1 Read the research, paying attention to the topic. 2 Identify the information needed to complete the graphic organizer. (underline) 3 Complete the graphic organizer. Topic: Eating food in space requires planning Beginning (Introduction) Information Topic: What or who is the text about? Facts & Details Historical and physical geologists both study the earth to understand the development of planet Earth. Fact # 1 Middle/ Body (facts and details) Fact # 2 Fact # 3 Ending (Conclusion) Conclusion: How should the text end? 4

5 Skill Development/ Guided Practice 1 Determine what the question or prompt is asking. 2 Determine the concept required. 3 Read the text to determine relevant information. 4 Answer the question. 5 Check that you answered all parts of the question. A student has used a graphic organizer to plan their informative text writing. Read the organizer below, and remove any information that does not support the topic. Topic: Eating food in space requires planning Beginning (Introduction) Middle/ Body (facts and details) Ending (Conclusion) Information Topic: What or who is the text about? Fact # 1 Fact # 2 Fact # 3 Conclusion: How should the text end? Facts & Details Mars has many volcanos. In Mars northern hemisphere is a huge lava-covered area. It is called the Great Tharsis Bulge There are four extinct volcanoes on the Bulge Mars is very cold and very dry. Temperatures vary from 2 F to -184 F Water on Mars today exists mostly as ice with a small amount in the air as gas. Mount Olympus is the largest volcano on Mars. It has been built up by many lava flows. It is 16 miles high. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on Earth. It is only 13,678 feet high. Volcanoes on Mars are numerous and impressive. 5

6 Closure Topic: Cacti have an important role in their environment. Cactus Skin The desert can be hot and dry. It can be a difficult place for many plants to survive, but not for the cactus! A cactus can survive quite well in the desert because of a special ability. It can store its own water! It has waxy skin that keeps the water inside the plant. This skin is an adaptation. An adaptation is a special part or way of acting that helps a plant or animal survive. The waxy skin of the cactus lets the plant store water to use when there is no rain. Cactus Homes A desert is a dry habitat. It is a good home for a plant like the cactus, which does not need much water to live. Not only can a cactus find a good home in the desert, it helps animals live there, too. Flowers grow on the cactus. These flowers have nectar that birds and bats can drink. The cactus also provides homes for some animals. Some birds use sticks to make nests on the cactus. Other birds dig holes in the cactus and use the holes for nests. Topic: Eating food in space requires planning Information Facts & Details Beginning (Introduction) Topic: What or who is the text about? Fact # 1 Middle/ Body (facts and details) Fact # 2 Fact # 3 Ending (Conclusion) Conclusion: How should the text end? 6

7 Closure Simon wants to use one of the two following facts in his text. Which one supports the topic? Why? 1. The Christmas Cactus has stems which are flat. 2. The fruit of cacti are eaten by animals and humans. What did you learn today about planning informative text? Topic: Cyclones are large powerful storms. How Cyclones Form Cyclones are huge storms that form over the ocean. They can be up to 590 miles across and the winds can reach speeds of 186 mph. Cyclones begin in tropical waters. When low-pressure areas form over warm waters, they give birth to cyclones. Cyclones gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. As the warm water evaporates, the cyclones gather power. Independent Practice Cyclone Damage Cyclones are some of the most destructive storms. Since cyclones require warm, moist air, cyclone season in the U.S. is June 1 through November 30. The storms form over the ocean but can travel close to the land. When they do, the heavy rain, powerful wind and large waves can ruin cities. Cyclones damage buildings, knock over trees and sweep away cars. Some cyclones have a storm surge that can cause inland flooding. These powerful storms can cause a lot of damage. Topic: Eating food in space requires planning Beginning (Introduction) Middle/ Body (facts and details) Ending (Conclusion) Information Topic: What or who is the text about? Fact # 1 Fact # 2 Fact # 3 Conclusion: How should the text end? 7 Facts & Details

8 Periodic Review 1 Circle the facts and details related to the topic. Complete the graphic organizer on a separate piece of paper or on the computer. Topic: Different types of telescopes allow us to see more than just what is visible. Telescopes make things appear more clear and bright. An optical telescope gathers light from the part of the light spectrum that is visible to the human eye. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the colors we see in a rainbow. Waves in the electromagnetic spectrum vary in size from very long radio waves to very short gamma waves. Radio telescopes use a huge mirror, which reflects radio waves to special detectors hanging above. Radio telescopes can look at planets, comets, and giant clouds of gas and dust. Radio waves carry signals for television and mobile phones. X-ray telescopes are located in orbit because the Earth s atmosphere blocks x-rays. X-rays can travel through substances and are used to take x-ray photos. Gamma-ray telescopes are used to observe black holes. Because gamma rays can kill living cells, doctors use gamma rays to kill cancer cells. How do you know that The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the colors we see in a rainbow is not related to the topic? 8

9 Periodic Review 2 Circle the facts and details related to the topic. Complete the graphic organizer on a separate piece of paper or on the computer. Topic: There is evidence of water on Mars. Mars is a very active planet, like Earth. Several probes have visited Mars. The rovers 1 have proven the existence of water on Mars. The rovers have taken photos of the red planet. Mars has polar ice caps, like Earth. The polar ice caps do not thaw. Mars has a dynamic climate. Mars has 40 percent of Earth s gravity. The probes have discovered many channels that go across the surface of Mars which may have been created by water. How do you know that Mars has 40 percent of Earth s gravity is not related to the topic? 9

10 Periodic Review 3 Circle the facts and details related to the topic. Complete the graphic organizer on a separate piece of paper or on the computer. Topic: The rock cycle is how rocks are changed and made. The rock cycle is the process that makes and recycles rocks. There are three types of rock, and each type can be changed into any of the others. Magma cools into igneous rock. Obsidian is a type of igneous rock that is used for surgical blades because it is very sharp. Erosion breaks down rocks. Overtime the small pieces of rocks are cemented together into sedimentary rocks. Coal is a type of sedimentary rock used as a source of heat. Some rocks are forced deep into the Earth where they become heated and baked, creating metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks can also be eroded on the Earth s surface, or they can be forced deeper to become magma. Metamorphic marble is used for countertops and sculpture. How do you know that Obsidian is a type of igneous rock that is used for surgical blades because it is very sharp is not related to the topic? (Pair-Share) 10