SEDIMENTS can have different sizes and we can sort them using standard sieves. What size mesh is each sieve?
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1 SEDIMENTS can have different sizes and we can sort them using standard sieves What size mesh is each sieve?
2
3 Streams are the most obvious sculptors of the earth, weathering and eroding the Earth and causing different landscapes!!! But, besides water, there s Wind Ice Gravity Organisms
4 Water, wind, gravity, ice PREDICT which ones sort sediments PREDICT which ones don t sort sediments
5 Erosion by wind check out this sandstorm in Iraq
6 Just like sandblasting!
7
8 Then there s the effect of gravity look out below!
9 Mass movement from high to low
10 Sinkhole in Florida
11 Rapid Earth Flow, Ohio
12 La Conchita CA landslide
13 Landslides, Madagascar
14 Rockslides
15 Earthquake - Romania
16 Undercutting then what?
17 Wave erosion landslides
18 Undercutting from boatgenerated waves
19 Chimney Bluffs State Park, along Lake Ontario, NY
20 Greenland Ice sheet
21 GLACIERS And don t forget about glacial W-E-D based on our video Earth, the Biography: Ice on the website
22 Supraglacial (on top) transport of rock debris from landslides in the Alps
23 Supraglacial transport from landslides
24 Alps glaciers move landslide debris in Switzerland
25 Angular chunks of landslide debris deposited by glacial streams in Wyoming
26 What natural processes are happening? Weathering (break down) Erosion (transport or move) Deposition (drop off)
27 Water or ice or wind that slows down causes 1. Deposition = the dropping off (or settling out) of material that s in motion 2. This is a building up process
28 Deposition by water Can water sort particles of mixed (unsorted) sizes, shapes, and densities if it is not moving? Can moving water also sort particles?
29 Why would sediments show SORTING by size? UNSORTED INCREASED SORTING WELL SORTED GRAVITY & GLACIERS (BULK MOVEMENT) AGENTS of EROSION It s based on the composition & agent of erosion that moved them! WATER & WIND SPEED SORTING
30 Why would sediments have different shapes and sizes? ANGULAR & ROUGH Also, FLAT vs. SPHERICAL ROUNDED & SMOOTH LESS ABRASION & CLOSE to SOURCE MORE ABRASION & FARTHER FROM SOURCE All sediment is not created equal!
31 Lab Journey s End What factors affect how sediment settles? OBJECTIVES Collect and analyze settling rate data for sediments with different characteristics to see what factors affect how they settle out Apply this analysis to the real world where erosion and deposition occur along streams
32 In this lab you will be testing the effect of different properties on how fast they settle in a column of water. We will use density, shape and roundness as variables.
33 Settling Rate vs. Settling Time Graphs for density, size and shape
34 Vertical sorting based on sediment characteristics
35 VERTICAL SORTING of sediments during DEPOSITION
36 Horizontal sorting, deposition, and water speed
37 Question- Why would sediments have different shapes and sizes? ANGULAR & ROUGH Also, FLAT vs. SPHERICAL ROUNDED & SMOOTH LESS ABRASION & CLOSE to SOURCE MORE ABRASION & FARTHER FROM SOURCE Answer - Depends on their composition (resistance to abrasion) & how long (time and distance) they traveled from their source!
38 Draw horizontal sorting (based on water speed and hill slope)
39 Does a stream sort sediments?
40 Based on the stream table model, can you explain why my stream looks like this?
41 Is water the only medium of erosion that has speed?
42 Sediments and sorting create the features of a stream. These are all about the speed of the water. LAB What affects the stream speed? - slope of the land (gradient) - volume of water (discharge)
43 How will you calculate the gradient of your stream? Slope of a line = change in y = gradient change in x gradient = change in elevation (y) distance (x)
44 How will you set up the equipment to calculate the speed of the water 3 different gradients 2 different flow volumes
45 REMEMBER the GOAL of the LAB How does changing the discharge and slope of a stream affect the speed of the water flowing in the stream?
46 Why do we need to understand discharge of water in a stream?
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