Smart levees a new future for flood management?

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1 Smart levees a new future for flood management? Experiences from the EU FP7 UrbanFlood project Jonathan Simm David Jordan & Alexandra Topple (HR Wallingford, UK) Ilya Mokhov & Alexander Pyayt (Siemens, Russia) Tarek Abdoun & Victoria Bennett (Rensselaer Univ, NY, USA) Jeroen Broekhuijsen & Robert Meijer (TNO, Netherlands)

2 Drivers for smart levees Increasing magnitude/frequency of floods Lack of $ to repair improve our deteriorating levees Availability of instrumentation to allow continuous monitoring of levee health Allows possibility of Observational approach as a reality for routine levee management 2

3 UrbanFlood proof of concept Internet / cloud based system. 3 pilot sites in Europe with sensors Real time analysis stability analysis using pore pressure data AI to detect anomalies in levee behaviour. Early Warning System calls up models of breach, flood propagation, damage Interactive multi-touch surface for use in Emergency Operations Centers 3

4 UrbanFlood Pilot Sites Boston Dike Ringdijk Rhine Dike

5 RhineDike, Rees, Germany Land-side

6 RhineDike, Rees, Germany Water-side River Rhine 1km

7 RingDijk, Amsterdam, NL

8 The Haven, Boston high tide

9 The Haven, Boston low tide

10 Sensor selection The instrumentation was selected largely on the basis of previous experimentation and comparison of instruments installed in full scale dike failure tests in the Netherlands on the IJKDijk project. The sensors needed to provide continuous data, be simple to install and maintain, durable and not susceptible to vandalism monitor pore pressure, detect deformations, and monitor ground water flow near the toe.

11 GeoBeads (by Alert Solutions) Pore water pressure Inclination (tilt) Temperature (to locate water flow) June

12 Shape Acceleration Array (by Measurand and Rensselaer University)

13 GeoDetect (by TenCarte) Fiber optic technology Detection of early signs of ageing : Instability Internal Erosion Leakage Combined measurement of : Temperature (0.1 C) good indicator of leakage (< 1 l/m/min) Strain (0.01%) good indicator of movement

14 Instrumentation layout front side of larger houses 7m 2m 3m 4m pavement 2-3m? Layers of sand and clay recent escarpment Firm grey clay: glacial till Geobead : measures pore pressure, temperature (for flow) and local tilt GeoDetect S-BR : Fibre optic cable: measures deformation and groundwater flow SAA (ShapeAccelArray): measures global tilt and temperature SAAP (ShapeAccelArray with Pore Pressure) measures global tilt, pore pressure and temperature

15 Installing the Geobeads

16 Installation of GeoDetect fiber optics fabric in levee crest

17 Pore pressure phase shifts

18 Phase-shift scatter plot

19 Assessment of factor of safety / probability of failure Using drained geotechnical analysis, relationships were developed between a range of potential individual water level and pore pressure sensor readings and the Factor of Safety (FoS) or Probability of Failure (PoF). Water Level AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 AS1 AS2 Factor of (m) (mbar) (mbar) (mbar) (mbar) (mbar) (mbar) (mbar) safety Interpolation routine using this table then converts pore pressure & water level sensor data into instantaneous FoS or PoF.

20 Variation in probability of failure with time

21 Inclination Tidal level influence very clear at surface. Some mean trends 27 juli 2013 Vertrouwelijk 21 21

22 SAA (shape acceleration array) data SAA Disp Profile Toe of Section B-B SAA Disp Profile Toe of Section A-A 22

23 SAA data at section CC SAA inclinometer readings at Section CC suggest movement above a dense sand layer. Undrained stability analysis agrees, suggesting the possibility of deep seated movement.

24 GeoDetect data relative strain 1, m Relative strain - TOP 167 m 1,000.0 µstrain m/m , Section B:B Section A:A Section C:C Distance along the sensor from Towerstreet to Grand Sluice bridge "Y" Top/Bottom trench 6/14/2011 6/29/2011 8/11/2011 8/16/2011

25 Raw data Probabilities of abnormal behaviour Pre-processing Logical groups One-side classification Decision support Feature extraction Redundancy: physical, analytical Measurements synchronisation Gap filling 3 Type of sensor NC 1 Sen 1 Sen 2 Sen 1 Sen NC 2 Analytical dependency Placement Measurement Gap Filled value NC k

26 Stammerdike loading test

27 Results of Stammerdike test

28 UrbanFlood workflow

29 Breach modelling HR Breach Currently in the Urban Flood system: Simple Breach Model Representation of breaching processes based on prior analysis with HR Breach to yield a breach growth relation

30 Rapid Flood Spread Model In order to evaluate the potential consequences of a flood defence breach a Dynamic Flood Spreading Model is used. This model calculates the inundated area in case of the unlikely event of flood defence failure.

31 Life Safety Model (LSM) The Life Safety Model software is used to model emergency evacuation scenarios. With it, planners can compare different emergency management strategies that can assist in reducing the potential casualties during floods.

32 Multi-touch interface Use in Emergency Operations Centers Link to field tablet computers) Share / interrogate data to assist planning

33 Conclusions Proof of concept EWS established based on real time levee monitoring Instrumentation cost of order $100/m Engineering / AI analysis of levee fragility assists in decision-making Relevant for levee management decisions where either space or budget limited. EWS supports EOC decisions using fast modelling of levee breach consequences and interactive interface 33

34 UrbanFlood Smart dikes a new future for flood management? Demonstration available at HR Wallingford exhibit

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