Analysis of Industrialization, Urbanization and Land-use Change in East Asia According to the DPSER Framework
|
|
- Howard Hood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Analysis of Industrialization, Urbanization and Land-use Change in East Asia According to the DPSER Framework Hidefumi IMURA*, Jin CHEN*, Shinji KANEKO** and Toru MATSUMOTO* * Institute of Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University ** Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Abstract The most intensive interactions between human beings and the environment take place in cities and their peripheries. Urbanization causes land use /cover changes, while at the same time it brings about increasing environmental loads due to expanding use of energy and resources and impacts on human health and ecosystems. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the interrelations between land-use/cover changes and environmental impacts of urbanization based on the analysis framework of DPSER (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Effect-Response) model. Some preliminary study results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model focusing on rapidly urbanizing areas in China. 1. Introduction Although urbanization is proceeding all over the world at an unprecedented rate, it is especially outstanding in Asia in terms of its scale and speed. In particular, urbanization in East Asia including Japan, Korea and China exhibits unique characteristics in that it has taken place and going on in close tie with the rapid economic development and industrialization of the nations. Japan experienced a rapid urbanization and industrialization in its rapid economic growth period in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period, newly industrialized areas were created on the land reclaimed from the sea, and a large number of workers and their families were attracted to move to industrial cities with the development of heavy and chemical industries. In addition, a series of environment problems such as serious air and water pollution and decisive damages to ecosystems were caused in urban and suburban areas as a result of industrial production expansion. Korea experienced the similar phenomena to that of Japan in her rapid economic growth period that started in the 1970s, while the Coastal Region of China also accelerated its pace of industrial development and urbanization after the country adopted its economic reform and opening policy in Human interactions with the environment are at their most intense in cities. Human effects upon the global environment will largely be urban effects. Cities' environmental effects will span the globe, for their demands for food, water, and energy link them to the periphery at both near and remote locations. Because of the dense concentration and large scale of human activities in cities, the effects of even a small per capita change in negative environmental impacts may have large cumulative effects globally. The change in land-use is the result of urbanization, and at the same time it is the cause of the number of urban environmental problems, reflecting the direct and indirect interactions between human activities and the natural environment. Study on the mechanisms of land-use change associated with the industrialization and urbanization is essential not only for detecting the global environmental change but also for formulating sustainable development strategies on the local scale. This paper presents an analytical framework of the DPSER (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Effect-Response) model for understanding the mechanisms of urbanization, industrialization, land-use changes and their environmental implications. Some preliminary studies, focusing on rapidly urbanizing areas in China, are also conducted to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the framework. 2. DPSER Analytical Framework The PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model was developed by the OECD in its work on the State of the
2 2 Environment Reports and environmental data compendium (OECD (1)). This model has been widely used in various international and national studies such as those by UNCSD (United Nations Committee for Sustainable Development)(UNCSD (2)). The DPSER (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Effect-Response) model tries to describe the mechanisms of environmental changes more systematic and precise way than the simpler PSR model by adding Driving Force and Effect which can be separated from Pressure and State respectively. We apply the DPSER framework to analyze the urban environmental problems generated in the process of industrialization and urbanization. Fig.1 demonstrates the conceptual framework of the DPSER model for urban environment problems. The interactions between human activities in cities and the environment are particularly concerned with the flows of energy and resources such as air, water, food, raw materials and land which are needed to support cities. A more concrete example applied in land-use/cover change is also presented in Fig.2. Economy Politics Society Culture Resources Ecosystem D riving Force Economic growth P ressure S tate E ffect R esponse Laws, regulations Environmental investment, taxation Environmental Awareness, Education Increasing energy, resource consumption Land use change Air and water pollution, decreasing forest area Human health damage, change in ecosystem Recycling, Eco-technology Fig. 1 Conceptual framework of DPSER model for urban environmantal problem Land use planning, Driving Force Human Activities Economic development Population growth Response Industrialization Urbanization Life style Change in life style E conomic Develop policy Population policy Pressure Demand for urban land Demand for meat,vegetables State Land-use and land cover change Change agriculture structure U rban planning R egulation Monitoring system Effect Damage to ecosystem(heat island) Food problem Fig. 2 A concrete example of DPSER model for land-use change 3. Integrated Environmental Information System: IEIS As a basis of conducting studies according to the above framework, an integrated environmental information system (IEIS) of East Asia is being constructed with an emphasis on city and local level data. The IEIS aims to provide a platform for collecting, storing and analyzing a wide variety of economic, social and environmental data and
3 3 information related to the urban environment. It can audio-visually demonstrate the data by way of videos, pictures, maps and graphs with the help of user friendly interfaces. It will serve as an effective tool for us to analyze the history and current situation of the economic development, industrial structural transformation, urbanization and the land use cover changes in cities and local areas. Fig. 3 demonstrates the design and major components of the IEIS. Text Statistical Data Vector Data Mesh Data Knowledge Numerical data Maps, Image Text data Landsat TM Data Statistic Analysis Spatial Analysis Visualization Application Analysis Module Module Module Module(CA model) Interface Fig. 3 Conceptual Design of Integrated Environmental Information System(IEIS) 4. Preliminary Case Study Results 4.1 Background: Industrialization, Urbanization and Environment in China Industrialization and urbanization in China have far reaching implications for both local and global environment, in view of her large population and high population density as well as the rapid economic growth she has accomplished and expected to continue in the coming decades. Therefore, this paper takes up some areas in China for conducting case studies on interrelations among industrialization, urbanization and land-use change according to the DPSER framework. For understanding the whole features of these interrelations and their charac teristics and specificity of particular regions, both nationwide studies based on statistical data available for nearly 2600 counties, and detailed case studies on some selected cities and areas should be made (Fig.4.). Nationwide Studies Data Data by by counties I I ndustrial ndustrial product product A A gricultural gricultural product product U U rbanized areas areas I I rrigated cropland O O thers thers Specific Case Study Cities E E conomic conditions I I ndustrial ndustrial Structure Structure D D etailed LUCC LUCC Data Data I I nput/output of of Energy && Material O O thers thers Fig. 4 A research idea for industrialization, urbanization and environmental problems in China The change in agricultural population change by county in China for is demonstrated in Fig.5, while the industrial production of 1995 in rural areas is shown in Fig.6. It can be found that the decreasing trend of agricultural population is remarkable in the coastal region with high industrial production, such as Yangtze River Delta
4 4 Area, Pan Bohai Sea Area and Pearl River Delta Area. This means that the magnitude and speed of urbanization and industrialization in these areas are most striking in China. In addition, each of the above areas exhibits unique characteristics in the mechanisms and processes of industrialization and urbanization due to the economic and social background deeply related to the history, culture and natural geographical conditions of the areas. Therefore, more North-East Region Pan Bohai Sea Pan Bohai Sea Region Yangtze River Basin Yangtze River Delta Yangtze River Basin Yangtze River Delta Pearl-River Delta Pearl-River Delta Decrease -3% -1% 0% 1% 3% Increase Million Yuan Fig. 5 Agricultural population changes in China( ) Fig. 6 Industrial production in rural areas of China(1995) attention should be paid to the specificity of the areas and more detailed case studies for selected cities are necessary. 4.2 State of the Environment In many cases, land-use/cover change is a direct manifestation of the changes in the state of environment, providing a good basis for the understanding of the problems behind. For case studies, Shenzhen City located on the south coast of Guangdong Province and belonging to Pearl River delta area, and Wushi City in Yangtze River delta area are taken up to investigate the relationship between urbanization, industrialization and land-use change. The Landsat Data of Shenzhen City in 1980,1988,1994 and those of Wushi City in 1984,1988,1994 were collected to analyze the land-use change. Land use/cover change detection using multi-spectral remote sensor data was conducted, including the steps of pre-processing, land-use classification and change detection procedures. The overall accuracy of land use classification is about percent, or in terms of Kappa coefficient of agreement; it provides a fairly good base for the further analysis of land-use change. (Chen et al. (3)) The analyzed land-use change result in Shenzhen City and Wushi City are shown in Fig.7 and Fig.8. The first common characteristic of the land-use change in the two cities is the drastic increase of the urban land, converted from the agricultural land, especially from the cultivated land. The second characteristic is the land-use change associated with the structural changes that took place within agricultural sector; i.e., the change from the land use for grain cultivation to that for fishery and the production of more profitable products such as fruits and vegetables. The demand of land for the latter is growing rapidly stimulated by the increasing urban population and the rising living standard of city dwellers. On the other hand, there are distinctive differences between the two cities with respect to the spatial expansion mode of urban land. In Shenzhen City, urban land is expanding along the traffic lines starting from the city center, while a number of newly developed small towns are dispersedly formed in the suburbs of Wushi City. Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS techniques can describe the pattern of land-use change as demonstrated above. Understanding of urbanization mechanisms and prediction of land-use change, however, require further studies that are beyond the capabilities of GIS and RS. Cellular automata model (CA), for example, can be adopted for modeling the spatial dynamics of regional economic development, urbanization, land use and environmental changes. A constrained, stochastic CA-based model has been explored to represent and specify the characteristics of land-use change. The model includes a large number of cell states corresponding to a variety of land-uses. The transition rules are defined
5 Urban Water Paddy field Orchard Shrub & Grassland in 1980 Forest 1994 Wetland Barren land Fig. 7 Land-use changes of Shenzhen city in 1980,1988, Urban Paddy field Dry farmland Needleleaf Forest Broadleaf Forest Fig. 8 Land-use changes of Wushi city in 1984,1988,1994 Water taking into account the inherent suitability of the cell for each of the active land uses as well as the aggregate effect of the various land-uses within a neighborhood of the cell and the effect of stochastic perturbations. The parameters of model are calibrated by the Monte-Carlo method based on the past data of land-use change. The simulation result of Shenzhen City in the period of is shown in Fig.9, where the value of coincidence index is about 0.7.
6 6 Past (Landsat MSS) Present (Landsat TM) Future ? 2020 CA Model Fig. 9 Reproduction of past Land-use changes by cellular automata model 4.3 Driving Force and Pressure As a further study, interrelations among industrialization, urbanization and land-use change have been analyzed by using multivariable regression method based on the relevant maps and socioeconomic data. Determining factors chosen to explain the interrelations above are urban population, GDP, industrial structure, foreign direct investment (FDI) and investment in capital construction. The analysis result for Shenzhen City by stepwise regression analysis is shown in Table.1. It indicates that the urban population growth, industrial development of the tertiary sector and the foreign direct investment play key roles in the change of land-use in the City during On the other hand, a similar analysis for Wushi City shows that the industrial development of the secondary sector, especially the role of TVEs (township and village enterprises) has been the most important factor for causing the land-use change. Both of these analyses support the idea that industrialization and urbanization are the most significant driving force for causing the land-use change in the coastal region of China Table 1. The results of stepwise regression analysis on land-use changes Variables Coefficient Standard Coefficient Value Value Value Significance Standard Error Partial correlation coefficient correlation coefficient Urban Population ** Tertiary Industry share * Foreign direct investment ** Constant ** Precision ** Significant at 0.01level,* Significant at 0.05 level Coefficient of determination Multiple correlation coefficient Effect: Urban climatic response to land-use change Land-use change might bring some impacts on urban and suburban ecosystems. Changes in vegetation and land
7 7 topography might increase the risks to environmental degradation and natural disasters such as soil erosion and flood. Another ecological impact of land-use change in urban area is the heat island effect, which is regarded as climatic response to land-use change caused by urbanization. As enough meteorological date have not been available for Chinese cities, we will discuss the climatic effects induced by land-use change based on the existing studies conducted in Japanese cities(shibata et al. (4)). Fig.12 shows the land-use change of Fukuoka City from 1925 to1988, and Fig.13 the simulation results of the expanding heat islands in the city by using three-dimensional turbulence closure model developed by Mellor and Yamada (Mellor et al. (5)). It is demonstrated that the temperatures of the high temperature areas in 1988 are 0.5-2higher than those in 1925, and the high temperature areas have become larger in accordance with the urban growth. Others Urban Forest Water Dry farmland Paddy field Wetland Residential area 1988 Landsat TM :2500 Map The Geographical Survey Institute Water Barren land Forest Orchard Sandy beach Grass land Track field Golf field Paddy field Apartment Urban Building Metal Concrete Asphalt Railway Fig. 10 Land-use changes in Fukuoka city from 1925 to Fig. 11 Climatic response of land-use changes in Fukuoka city from 1925 to 1988
8 8 5. Concluding remarks Rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization in East-Asian countries have been accompanied by a number of environmental problems. This paper has presented the DPSER framework for analyzing the inter relations among industrialization, urbanization and land-use change, and some preliminary case study results for Chinese cities are demonstrated. Land-use plays a key role in our analyses to describe the environmental changes caused by human activities. Case studies for China shows that the conversion of cultivated land to urban land is drastically increasing, as a result of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Urban climatic change is an example of environmental impacts caused by land-use change. Case studies for Japanese cities reveal that the size and intensity of heat island in urban areas are growing, and similar changes must be taking place in Chinese cities. As a further study, the dynamic DPSER model can be conceived as illustrated in Fig 13. Cities are part of the natural world: they are integral parts of such large processes as the hydrological, carbon, and nitrogen cycles, rather than being apart from those cycles. What affects these cycles affects cities, and how cities change the cycles affects the globe. Cities also affect and are affected by man-made cycles, such as the materials cycle. Further studies should be made on successful innovations in urban environmental management, on ways to achieve sustainable cities, and on systems of environmental indicators abound. Collaborative data collection under the terms of the urban measurement protocol is necessary, and land use data will be a core of this exercise. Driving force Module Remote Sensing ex. SPOT 3-D information 2-D distribution 3-dimensional LUCC LUCC Model ex. CA Socioeconomic Factors -Urbanization -Industrialization Response Module -infrastructure -technology -laws, regulations -investment, funding L C A Pressure Module State Module Effect Module Fig.12 Framework of dynamic DPSER model for LUCC References 1) (1994): Environmental indicator, OECD core set, p ) (1996): Indicators of Sustainable Development, Methodology Sheets for CSD Forth Session, NewYork, p ) Chen jin, Ryo,Fujikura, Hidefumi Imura(1998): Study in the Relationship between Economic Development and Land-use Changes, Environment Systems Research Vol.26, pp ) Manabu Shibata, Hidefumi Imura(1998): A Numerical Model Study of Urban Climte Change in the Past: A Case Study of Fukuoka City Area, Environment Systems Research, Vol.26, pp ) Mellor, G.L and Yamada(1974): A Hierarchy of Turbulence Closure Models for Planetary Boundary Layer, J. Atmos. Sci., Vol.31, No. 5, pp
Most people used to live like this
Urbanization Most people used to live like this Increasingly people live like this. For the first time in history, there are now more urban residents than rural residents. Land Cover & Land Use Land cover
More informationLand Use/Cover Changes & Modeling Urban Expansion of Nairobi City
Land Use/Cover Changes & Modeling Urban Expansion of Nairobi City Overview Introduction Objectives Land use/cover changes Modeling with Cellular Automata Conclusions Introduction Urban land use/cover types
More informationUsing Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Technology to Analyze Land Use Change in Harbin, China from 2005 to 2015
Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Technology to Analyze Land Use Change in Harbin, China from 2005 to 2015 Yi Zhu Department of Resource Analysis, Saint Mary s University of Minnesota,
More informationThe international patterns of spatial planning system and choice of China. Cai yumei China land use planning and surveying institute (China, beijing)
FIG Working Week, Rome, Italy 6 10 May 2012 The international patterns of spatial system and choice of China Cai yumei China land use and surveying institute (China, beijing) Outline Background Problem
More informationApplications of GIS and Remote Sensing for Analysis of Urban Heat Island
Chuanxin Zhu Professor Peter V. August Professor Yeqiao Wang NRS 509 December 15, 2016 Applications of GIS and Remote Sensing for Analysis of Urban Heat Island Since the last century, the global mean surface
More informationApproach of Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses in The. Okinawa Island with Scenario-based of Input-Output Table. and Okinawa Earthquake Sources
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Approach of Estimating Tsunami Economic Losses in The Okinawa Island with Scenario-based of Input-Output Table and Okinawa Earthquake Sources Kwanchai Pakoksung 1*, Anawat Suppasri 1,
More informationTopic 4: Changing cities
Topic 4: Changing cities Overview of urban patterns and processes 4.1 Urbanisation is a global process a. Contrasting trends in urbanisation over the last 50 years in different parts of the world (developed,
More informationLand Use Changing Scenario at Kerniganj Thana of Dhaka District Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Research Paper Land Use Changing Scenario at Kerniganj Thana of Dhaka District Using Remote Sensing and GIS Farzana Raihan 1 * and Nowrine Kaiser 1 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry and Environment
More informationGRASS COVER CHANGE MODEL BASED ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA
GRASS COVER CHANGE MODEL BASED ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA Shuai Zhang *, Jingyin Zhao, Linyi Li Digital Agricultural Engineering Technological Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai,
More informationAN INTEGRATED MULTI-GOAL REGIONAL PLANNING PLATFORM BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
AN INTEGRATED MULTI-GOAL REGIONAL PLANNING PLATFORM BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Xinhui Ma, Bingfang Wu *, Zhiming Luo, Lan Zeng Institute of Remote Sensing Applicat ions, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
More informationFoundation Geospatial Information to serve National and Global Priorities
Foundation Geospatial Information to serve National and Global Priorities Greg Scott Inter-Regional Advisor Global Geospatial Information Management United Nations Statistics Division UN-GGIM: A global
More information1/20/2013. Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e. Case History: Island of Hispaniola. Earth History. Earth s Place in Space
Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e Edward A. Keller Chapter 1 Philosophy and Fundamental Concepts Intro to Geology: summary haiku Here's geology. It's the study of the Earth - complete entity. Lecture
More informationGraduate Courses Meteorology / Atmospheric Science UNC Charlotte
Graduate Courses Meteorology / Atmospheric Science UNC Charlotte In order to inform prospective M.S. Earth Science students as to what graduate-level courses are offered across the broad disciplines of
More informationSTUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN URBAN STRUCTURE AND LAND VALUE FACTORS IN THE TOKYO METROPOLIS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN URBAN STRUCTURE AND LAND VALUE FACTORS IN THE TOKYO METROPOLIS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) Ippei Harada 1, Akihiko Kondoh 2 1 Center for Environmental Remote Sensing,
More informationYear 11: Possible Extended Questions. 1. Using examples explain why it is difficult to predict future population growth.
Year 11: Possible Extended Questions Population Dynamics 1. Using examples explain why it is difficult to predict future population growth. 2. Explain why the future growth of world population is hard
More informationWORLD DAY TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION 2018 IN MONGOLIA
WORLD DAY TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION 2018 IN MONGOLIA This year the WDCD slogan was Land has true value. Invest in it to address the importance of sustainable land use, land degradation prevention and its
More informationIntegrating Remote Sensing and GIS for Ecological Capacity Assessment: The Case of Regional Planning in Melbourne, Australia
145 Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS for Ecological Capacity Assessment: The Case of Regional Planning in Melbourne, Australia Siqing CHEN The University of Melbourne, Melbourne/Australia chens@unimelb.edu.au
More informationTOWARDS STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING IN JAMAICA: THE NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN
TOWARDS STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING IN JAMAICA: THE NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN JIEP 5th Biennial Conference on the Environment: Balancing National Development and Environmental Protection June 6, 2011 Jamaica
More informationLand Use Change Patterns and Sustainable Urban Development in China
Land Use Change Patterns and Sustainable Urban Development in China Haiyan Zhang* 1, Michinori Uwasu 2, Keishiro Hara 3 and Helmut Yabar 2 1 Research Fellow, Research Institute for Sustainability Science,
More informationWorld Geography. WG.1.1 Explain Earth s grid system and be able to locate places using degrees of latitude and longitude.
Standard 1: The World in Spatial Terms Students will use maps, globes, atlases, and grid-referenced technologies, such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Global Positioning Systems
More informationIdentifying Megaregions in the US: Implications for Infrastructure Investment
7. 10. 2 0 08 Identifying Megaregions in the US: Implications for Infrastructure Investment Dr. Myungje Woo Dr. Catherine L. Ross Jason Barringer Harry West Jessica Lynn Harbour Doyle Center for Quality
More informationDeveloped new methodologies for mapping and characterizing suburban sprawl in the Northeastern Forests
Development of Functional Ecological Indicators of Suburban Sprawl for the Northeastern Forest Landscape Principal Investigator: Austin Troy UVM, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources
More informationLand Accounts - The Canadian Experience
Land Accounts - The Canadian Experience Development of a Geospatial database to measure the effect of human activity on the environment Who is doing Land Accounts Statistics Canada (national) Component
More informationIntroduction of the Asia-Oceania Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AOGEOSS) GEO Initiative(GI-22 )
Introduction of the Asia-Oceania Global Earth Observation System of Systems (AOGEOSS) GEO Initiative(GI-22 ) Prof. Xiang ZHOU Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS 11 May 2017 Kunming, China
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation. Past climate change and natural causes. Global climate change and human activity
GCSE Geography Edexcel B Revision Checklist Paper 1. Global Geographical Issues Topic 1. Hazardous Earth Key Idea I know/ understand The world s climate system Global Atmospheric Circulation Past climate
More informationBy Geri Flanary To accompany AP Human Geography: A Study Guide 3 rd edition By Ethel Wood
Session 1 By Geri Flanary To accompany AP Human Geography: A Study Guide 3 rd edition By Ethel Wood WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY? It is the scientific or statistical study of population. It comes from the Greek
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : GIS BASED FLOOD LOSS ESTIMATION MODELING IN JAPAN PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : GIS BASED FLOOD LOSS ESTIMATION MODELING IN JAPAN PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 gis based flood loss estimation modeling in japan gis based flood loss pdf gis based flood loss estimation
More informationINDIANA ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES, WORLD GEOGRAPHY. PAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not a book, cite appropriate location(s))
Prentice Hall: The Cultural Landscape, An Introduction to Human Geography 2002 Indiana Academic Standards for Social Studies, World Geography (Grades 9-12) STANDARD 1: THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS Students
More informationGENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS. Session 7. Breakout discussion. discuss on regional and interregional. proposals 1. COLLABORATION BETWEEN PROGRAMMES
Session 7 24 July 2016, 9.00-11.00 Breakout discussion on regional and interregional joint project proposals Mr Shahbaz Khan summarized the two days of presentations and exchanges and requested the participants
More informationAnalysis on Competitiveness of Regional Central Cities:
Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session IPS031) p.476 Analysis on Competitiveness of Regional Central Cities: the case of Yangtze River Delta Xiaolin Pang,
More informationSubject Area: Geography
Long Term Planning Overview Key Stage 3 Subject Area: Geography Academic : 08-9 7 Assessment Your Island Home the physical and human geography of the UK and will investigate weather patterns, population
More informationUrban Climate Resilience
Urban Climate Resilience in Southeast Asia Partnership Project Introduction Planning for climate change is a daunting challenge for governments in the Mekong Region. Limited capacity at the municipal level,
More informationThe Governance of Land Use
The planning system The Governance of Land Use United Kingdom Levels of government and their responsibilities The United Kingdom is a unitary state with three devolved governments in Northern Ireland,
More informationAmarillo ISD Social Studies Curriculum
Amarillo Independent School District follows the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). All of AISD curriculum and documents and resources are aligned to the TEKS. The State of Texas State Board
More informationGlobal Land Cover Mapping
Global Land Cover Mapping and its application in SDGs Prof. Chen Jun 1, Dr. He Chaoying 2 1 National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC) 2 Ministry of Natural Resources, P.R.China May 30, 2018, Copenhagen
More informationTOWARDS CLIMATE-RESILIENT COASTAL MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED ICZM IN BELIZE
TOWARDS CLIMATE-RESILIENT COASTAL MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED ICZM IN BELIZE CHANTALLE SAMUELS Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre VULNERABILITY
More informationINVESTIGATION LAND USE CHANGES IN MEGACITY ISTANBUL BETWEEN THE YEARS BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPATIAL DATA
INVESTIGATION LAND USE CHANGES IN MEGACITY ISTANBUL BETWEEN THE YEARS 1903-2010 BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPATIAL DATA T. Murat Celikoyan, Elif Sertel, Dursun Zafer Seker, Sinasi Kaya, Uğur Alganci ITU,
More informationArizona Educator Proficiency Assessments (AEPA ) FIELD 04: GEOGRAPHY TEST OBJECTIVES
Arizona Educator Proficiency Assessments (AEPA ) TEST OBJECTIVES Subarea Range of Objectives Approximate Test Proportions I. Geographic Concepts and Skills 1 6 25% II. World Geography 7 14 34% III. United
More informationLand Use in the context of sustainable, smart and inclusive growth
Land Use in the context of sustainable, smart and inclusive growth François Salgé Ministry of sustainable development France facilitator EUROGI vice president AFIGéO board member 1 Introduction e-content+
More informationESTIMATION OF LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LAND USE AND ITS CHANGE - Use of Object-based Classification and Altitude Data -
ESTIMATION OF LANDFORM CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LAND USE AND ITS CHANGE - Use of Object-based Classification and Altitude Data - Shoichi NAKAI 1 and Jaegyu BAE 2 1 Professor, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
More informationNavigable maritime and river waterways in the seaside - Danube Delta area and the connected rural development
SUMMARY OF Ph-D Thesis, with title RESEARCH STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT OF MARITIME AND RIVER TRANSPORT ACTIVITY IN THE COASTAL AND DANUBE DELTA AREA FROM AN ENVIROMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE
More informationA Review of Concept of Peri-urban Area & Its Identification
A Review of Concept of Peri-urban Area & Its Identification Ar. Manita Saxena Research Scholar Department of Architecture and Planning M.A.N.I.T, Bhopal Dr. Supriya Vyas Assistant Professor, Department
More informationLand Administration and Cadastre
Geomatics play a major role in hydropower, land and water resources and other infrastructure projects. Lahmeyer International s (LI) worldwide projects require a wide range of approaches to the integration
More informationThis table connects the content provided by Education Perfect to the NSW Syllabus.
Education Perfect Geography provides teachers with a wide range of quality, engaging and innovative content to drive positive student learning outcomes. Designed by teachers and written by our in-house
More information2 nd Semester. Core Courses. C 2.1 City and Metropolitan Planning. Module 1: Urban Structure and Growth Implications
2 nd Semester Core Courses C 2.1 City and Metropolitan Planning Module 1: Urban Structure and Growth Implications Growth of cities; cities as engine of growth; urban sprawl; land value, economic attributes
More informationG E O G RAP H Y Geomorphology: Climatology : Oceanography: Geographic Thought : Population Geography :
GEOGRAPHY SYALLABUS Geomorphology: Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and weathering; Geosynclines, continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle;
More informationURBAN CHANGE DETECTION OF LAHORE (PAKISTAN) USING A TIME SERIES OF SATELLITE IMAGES SINCE 1972
URBAN CHANGE DETECTION OF LAHORE (PAKISTAN) USING A TIME SERIES OF SATELLITE IMAGES SINCE 1972 Omar Riaz Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PAKISTAN. omarriazpk@gmail.com ABSTRACT
More informationPÀ ÁðlPÀ gádå G À Áå ÀPÀgÀ CºÀðvÁ ÀjÃPÉë KARNATAKA STATE ELIGIBILITY TEST FOR LECTUERSHIP
PÀ ÁðlPÀ gádå G À Áå ÀPÀgÀ CºÀðvÁ ÀjÃPÉë KARNATAKA STATE ELIGIBILITY TEST FOR LECTUERSHIP Subject: GEOGRAPHY Subject Code: 08 Note: There will be two question papers, Paper-II and Paper-III. Paper II will
More informationLand cover/land use mapping and cha Mongolian plateau using remote sens. Title. Author(s) Bagan, Hasi; Yamagata, Yoshiki. Citation Japan.
Title Land cover/land use mapping and cha Mongolian plateau using remote sens Author(s) Bagan, Hasi; Yamagata, Yoshiki International Symposium on "The Imp Citation Region Specific Systems". 6 Nove Japan.
More informationUse of Geospatial data for disaster managements
Use of Geospatial data for disaster managements Source: http://alertsystemsgroup.com Instructor : Professor Dr. Yuji Murayama Teaching Assistant : Manjula Ranagalage What is GIS? A powerful set of tools
More informationOCR 2008 AS and A level Geography Specification Mapping Guide
OCR 2008 AS and A level Geography Specification Mapping Guide Contents Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined. Specification map: 2008 OCR AS and A level Geography 3 What's new? 10 Introduction This
More informationSimulating urban growth in South Asia: A SLEUTH application
Simulating urban growth in South Asia: A SLEUTH application Gargi Chaudhuri* 1 1 1725 State St., 2022 Cowley Hall, Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse *Email: gchaudhuri@uwlax.edu
More informationM14/3/GEOGR/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/Q GEOGRAPHY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2. Monday 19 May 2014 (morning) 1 hour 20 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
M14/3/GEOGR/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/Q 22145203 GEOGRAPHY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Monday 19 May 2014 (morning) 1 hour 20 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do
More informationM11/3/GEOGR/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/Q GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 2. Friday 6 May 2011 (morning) 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
M11/3/GEOGR/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/Q 22115202 GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 2 Friday 6 May 2011 (morning) 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer
More informationSustainable development of the Greek islands
Sustainable development of the Greek islands Coccossis H. in Camarda D. (ed.), Grassini L. (ed.). Interdependency between agriculture and urbanization: Conflicts on sustainable use of soil and water Bari
More informationWest meets East: Monitoring and modeling urbanization in China Land Cover-Land Use Change Program Science Team Meeting April 3, 2012
West meets East: Monitoring and modeling urbanization in China Land Cover-Land Use Change Program Science Team Meeting April 3, 2012 Annemarie Schneider Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment,
More informationGovernment GIS and its Application for Decision Support
Government GIS and its Application for Decision Support Zhang Qingpu (Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Email: zhangqp@casm.ac.cn) Abstract: Application of GIS in government agencies is called
More informationA Spatial Decision Support System for Agriculture and Natural Resources Management in China
9 th APGEOSS Symposium Xiangzheng Deng A Spatial Decision Support System for Agriculture and Natural Resources Management in China Need to take decisions and make critical day-to-day and long-term planning
More informationImplementation Performance Evaluation on Land Use Planning: A Case of Chengdu, China
Cross-Cultural Communication Vol. 8, No. 4, 2012, pp. 34-38 DOI:10.3968/j.ccc.1923670020120804.1020 ISSN 1712-8358[Print] ISSN 1923-6700[Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Implementation Performance
More informationThe Governance of Land Use
The planning system Levels of government and their responsibilities The Governance of Land Use COUNTRY FACT SHEET NORWAY Norway is a unitary state with three levels of government; the national level, 19
More informationMulti scale and multi sensor analysis of urban cluster development and agricultural land loss in China and India
Multi scale and multi sensor analysis of urban cluster development and agricultural land loss in China and India Karen C. Seto, PI, Yale Michail Fragkias, Co I, Arizona State Annemarie Schneider, Co I,
More informationUrban Expansion. Urban Expansion: a global phenomenon with local causes? Stephen Sheppard Williams College
Urban Expansion: a global phenomenon with local causes? Stephen Sheppard Williams College Presentation for World Bank, April 30, 2007 Presentations and papers available at http://www.williams.edu/economics/urbangrowth/homepage.htm
More informationAnnotated Bibliography. GIS/RS Assessment of Desertification
David Hussong NRS 509 12/14/2017 Annotated Bibliography GIS/RS Assessment of Desertification Desertification is one of the greatest environmental challenges of the modern era. The United Nations Conference
More informationCurrent Feasibility Studies
Current Feasibility Studies Feasibility Studies are based on proposals solicited annually by RIHN from the research community at-large. If approved by the Project Review Task Committee, lead researchers
More informationThemes: To develop map reading skills. Themes: To investigate survival issues in polar landscapes. Assessment: Map skills examination.
2018-2019 Long-term plans at a glance: Key Stage 3 Year 7 Term 1 (7) Term 2 (7) Term 3 (5) Term 4 (5.5) Term 5 (5) Term 6 (5) Global Passport. Paradise Lost Map Skills Living on the edge: Glaciated landscapes.
More informationCLLD Cooperation OFFER
Title of the proposed project (English) CLLD Cooperation OFFER PARKS PROTECTION III - Management, Protection and Economic Development in Protected Areas Type of project (select as many as you want) Cooperation
More informationVISUALIZATION URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH OF DESERT CITIES FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
CO-439 VISUALIZATION URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH OF DESERT CITIES FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY YANG X. Florida State University, TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA, UNITED STATES ABSTRACT Desert cities, particularly
More informationScienceDirect. Local Climate Zone Study for Sustainable Megacities Development by Using Improved WUDAPT Methodology A Case Study in Guangzhou
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Environmental Sciences 36 (2016 ) 82 89 International Conference on Geographies of Health and Living in Cities: Making Cities Healthy for
More informationUrban Growth in South China and Impacts on Local Precipitation, Fifth Urban Research Symposium 2009
Urban Growth in South China and Impacts on Local Precipitation Karen C. Seto Associate Professor Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies karen.seto@yale.edu Robert K. Kaufmann Professor
More informationWorld Geography Fall 2013 Semester Review Project
Reporting Category RC 1: History, Government and Citizenship Standard WG.1 History. The student understands how geography and processes of spatial exchange (diffusion) influenced events in the past and
More informationSurface Connects Author Index
Surface Connects Author Index Shixin WANG, Yi ZHOU, Gewei LI, Weiqi ZHOU, Yalan LIU & Shirong CHEN NETWORK PLATFORM OF REMOTE SENSING FOR NATURAL DISASTER MONITORING & INFORMATION SERVING AND ITS APPLICATIONS
More informationSustainable tourism in for Sustaibale Danang
Sustainable tourism in for Sustaibale Danang A case study of Balearic Ecotax in Spain toward Sustainable tourism Miki Yoshizumi Associate Professor College of Gastronomy Management Ritsumeikan University
More informationNEDS. Nachhaltige Entwicklung zwischen Durchsatz und Symbolik Sustainable Development between Throuput and Symbolism
SERI Brownbag seminar 27.01.2004, Vienna NEDS Nachhaltige Entwicklung zwischen Durchsatz und Symbolik Sustainable Development between Throuput and Symbolism Mark Hammer SERI www.seri.at/neds www.neds-projekt.de
More informationAnalysis of Impact of Urban Agglomeration Planning of Middle and Lower Yangtze River on International Trade Development in Central China.
International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT 2015) Analysis of Impact of Urban Agglomeration Planning of Middle and Lower Yangtze River on International Trade Development
More informationChallenges and Potentials of Place Based Information Management in Nepal"
Nineteenth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, 29 October 1 November 2012 Challenges and Potentials of Place Based Information Management in Nepal"
More informationUrbanization in China A synthesis of local and regional case studies on land cover change
Urbanization in China A synthesis of local and regional case studies on land cover change Investigators: Annemarie Schneider (Wisconsin) Peilei Fan (Michigan State) Joseph Messina (Michigan State) Nathan
More informationLinking the value of ocean space and marine ecosystem to coastal reclamation planning: A case study of Xiamen
Linking the value of ocean space and marine ecosystem to coastal reclamation planning: A case study of Xiamen Benrong Peng, PhD Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University (COMI) Nov. 20,
More informationBelfairs Academy GEOGRAPHY Fundamentals Map
YEAR 12 Fundamentals Unit 1 Contemporary Urban Places Urbanisation Urbanisation and its importance in human affairs. Global patterns of urbanisation since 1945. Urbanisation, suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation,
More informationGGY 301: Research Methods
GGY 301: Research Methods Course No GGY 301 Course Title Research Methods Core/Optional Core for Special Degree :This course provides students with a basic knowledge and understanding of the research methodology
More informationWorld Geography TEKS 2nd Nine Weeks. Unit of Study Regional Studies; U.S. and Canada Regional Studies; Latin America; and Europe
World Geography TEKS 2nd Nine Weeks Unit of Study Regional Studies; U.S. and Canada Regional Studies; Latin America; and Europe 1) History. The student understands how geography and processes of spatial
More informationUse of Corona, Landsat TM, Spot 5 images to assess 40 years of land use/cover changes in Cavusbasi
New Strategies for European Remote Sensing, Olui (ed.) 2005 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 003 X Use of Corona, Landsat TM, Spot 5 images to assess 40 years of land use/cover changes in Cavusbasi N.
More informationAdvanced Image Analysis in Disaster Response
Advanced Image Analysis in Disaster Response Creating Geographic Knowledge Thomas Harris ITT The information contained in this document pertains to software products and services that are subject to the
More informationRange of Opportunities
Geograhy Curriculum Cropwell Bishop Primary School Range of Opportunities Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 All Key Stage 1 Key Stage 2 Investigate the countries and capitals of the United Kingdom.
More informationSTAAR Vocabulary Words extracted directly from the standard and/or associated with the instruction of the content within the standard.
STAAR Vocabulary Words extracted directly from the standard and/or associated with the instruction of the content within the standard. READINESS STANDARDS - World Geography (WG.1) History. The student
More informationOpportunities and challenges of HCMC in the process of development
Opportunities and challenges of HCMC in the process of development Lê Văn Thành HIDS HCMC, Sept. 16-17, 2009 Contents The city starting point Achievement and difficulties Development perspective and goals
More informationAP Human Geography Free-response Questions
AP Human Geography Free-response Questions 2000-2010 2000-preliminary test 1. A student concludes from maps of world languages and religions that Western Europe has greater cultural diversity than the
More informationDisaster Management & Recovery Framework: The Surveyors Response
Disaster Management & Recovery Framework: The Surveyors Response Greg Scott Inter-Regional Advisor Global Geospatial Information Management United Nations Statistics Division Department of Economic and
More informationInvestigation of the Effect of Transportation Network on Urban Growth by Using Satellite Images and Geographic Information Systems
Presented at the FIG Congress 2018, May 6-11, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey Investigation of the Effect of Transportation Network on Urban Growth by Using Satellite Images and Geographic Information Systems
More information1. Introduction. Chaithanya, V.V. 1, Binoy, B.V. 2, Vinod, T.R. 2. Publication Date: 8 April DOI: https://doi.org/ /cloud.ijarsg.
Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2017, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 2088-2096 ISSN 2320 0243, Crossref: 10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.112 Research Article Open Access Estimation
More informationBishkek City Development Agency. Urban Planning Bishkek
Bishkek City Development Agency Urban Planning Bishkek Bishkek City Development Agency Official name City budget Population Area GRP Import value Export value External trade turnover Foreign direct investments
More informationAAG CENTER FOR GLOBAL GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION Internationalizing the Teaching and Learning of Geography
Using the CGGE Materials in Advanced Placement Human Geography Classes About the CGGE: The AAG Center for Global Geography Education (CGGE) is a collection of online modules for undergraduate courses in
More informationDecision-making support tool for promotion policies of abandoned mine areas
2013 Esri International User Conference July 8 12, 2013 San Diego, California Decision-making support tool for promotion policies of abandoned mine areas Son, Jin Seoul National University Esri UC2013.
More informationDEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY B.A. PROGRAMME COURSE DESCRIPTION
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY B.A. PROGRAMME COURSE DESCRIPTION (3 Cr. Hrs) (2340100) Geography of Jordan (University Requirement) This Course pursues the following objectives: - The study the physical geographical
More informationAPPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN LAND USE CHANGE PATTERN IN DA NANG CITY, VIETNAM
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN LAND USE CHANGE PATTERN IN DA NANG CITY, VIETNAM Tran Thi An 1 and Vu Anh Tuan 2 1 Department of Geography - Danang University of Education 41 Le Duan, Danang, Vietnam
More informationDeveloping urban ecosystem accounts for Great Britain. Emily Connors Head of Natural Capital Accounting Office for National Statistics (UK)
Developing urban ecosystem accounts for Great Britain Emily Connors Head of Natural Capital Accounting Office for National Statistics (UK) UN 2014 UN 2014 ONS 2017 UK motivation 54% 82% 5,900 Of the world
More informationGRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12
GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY P1 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2013 MARKS: 300 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 11 pages and a 12-page annexure. Geography/P1 2 DBE/Feb. Mar. 2013
More informationRegional Plan 4: Integrating Ecosystem Services Mapping into Regional Land Use Planning
Rural-Urban Outlooks: Unlocking Synergies (ROBUST) ROBUST receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727988.* October 2018 Natural
More informationUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF ARTS & SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF ARTS & SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES Department of Geography and Environmental Studies TEACHING MODULE CGP/SGP 321: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
More informationRemote Sensing the Urban Landscape
Remote Sensing the Urban Landscape Urban landscape are composed of a diverse assemblage of materials (concrete, asphalt, metal, plastic, shingles, glass, water, grass, shrubbery, trees, and soil) arranged
More informationCLIMATE READY BOSTON. Climate Projections Consensus ADAPTED FROM THE BOSTON RESEARCH ADVISORY GROUP REPORT MAY 2016
CLIMATE READY BOSTON Sasaki Steering Committee Meeting, March 28 nd, 2016 Climate Projections Consensus ADAPTED FROM THE BOSTON RESEARCH ADVISORY GROUP REPORT MAY 2016 WHAT S IN STORE FOR BOSTON S CLIMATE?
More information