Spatial Data Infrastructures in Finland: State of play 2007

Transcription

1 Spatial Data Infrastructures in : State of play 2007 Country report on SDI elaborated in the context of a study commissioned by the EC (EUROSTAT) in the framework of the INSPIRE initiative (Under Framework Contract REGIO/G Lot 2) January 2008 SPATIAL APPLICATIONS DIVISION K.U.LEUVEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Celestijnenlaan 200 E, BE-3001 LEUVEN TEL.: FAX: URL:

2 Report meta-information Title Spatial Data Infrastructures in : State of Play 2007 Creator Margaret Hall & Peter Beusen (ICRI) Date Issued Subject INSPIRE State of Play Publisher K.U.Leuven (SADL + ICRI) + Margaret Hall consultant (HALL) Description This report is summarizing the review of SDI in Contributor Margaret Hall (Independent Consultant); Jos Van Orshoven, Catharina Bamps, Danny Vandenbroucke (SADL); Peter Beusen, Katleen Janssen (ICRI); Antti Vertanen, Reino Ruotsalainen, Yrjö Sucksdorff, Riitta Teiniranta (FI) Format MS Word 97/2000 Audience INSPIRE stakeholders Identifier rcr07fiv111 Language EN Coverage Snapshot at Version number Date Modified by Comments Margaret Hall & Peter First version Beusen (ICRI) Margaret Hall Second version based on new template Jos Van Orshoven (SADL) Completion & harmonization with 31 other country reports Margaret Hall Use of improved outline. Integration of completing and correcting remarks from Antti Vertanen (Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), Reino Ruotsalainen (National Land Survey of ) and Yrjö Sucksdorff and Riitta Teiniranta (Finnish Environment Institute) Jos Van Orshoven (SADL) Harmonisation with 31 other country reports Catharina Bamps (SADL) Integration of information from limited review of web sites General review, correction and update

3 Addition of table pointing to changes with regard to Version Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, correction and update of legal framework Jos Van Orshoven Consolidation (SADL) Antti Vertanen Review of the status of Danny Vandenbroucke Review of the 2005 update and consolidation Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, correction and update of legal framework Danny Vandenbroucke Final Report based on minor comments from Commission Katleen Janssen (ICRI) General review, correction and update of legal framework Danny Vandenbroucke Review of the 2006 update and consolidation Katleen Janssen (ICRI) Correction and update legal and organizational framework Danny Vandenbroucke, Ludo Engelen (SADL) Danny Vandenbroucke (SADL) Integration results survey Metadata and final changes

4 Change matrix 2007 versus 2006 Paragraphs in which information is reported which deviates in a significant way from what was reported in the Autumn 2006 version of this country report are listed in the below table. They are indicated in red. Paragraph Type of change 1.1 Update section on methodology Adding info on tasks of the FCGI New information on pricing Add tables with information on data sets Annex I, II, III 2.6 Add table services 2.9 Reference to the use of the geo-portal K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 1

5 Executive summary The Finnish NSDI is emerging from well developed premises. We can not yet speak about a fully operation al and formal NSDI, but it is clear that important components are in place. Major part of the basic geographic data collection and maintenance in is based on legal roles and tasks of public institutions. The major governmental bodies have practiced active voluntary cooperation and participated jointly in several projects, thereby aiming to avoid overlapping in data collection and at the same ensuring that all necessary themes were covered. The collection of the geographic data has normally been based on common recommendations and guidelines. The building of the Finnish NSDI will be largely been based on this kind of voluntary participation. Fundamental data sets in the present NSDI-like environment (i.e. in the emerging Finnish NSDI) include national official base registers (real estate register, population register, building register), the national GI data sets (e.g. topographic database, land parcel information system), and various local GI data sets. The common identification system of the base register objects (real estates, buildings, peoples) is advanced. The private sector is providing a non-negligible part of the reference and core thematic datasets (e.g. orthophotos, road networks, utilities). Several well functioning and widely used data services are available. A number of organizations are particularly active on the GI-scene and contribute to the emerging NSDI. There is the Finnish Council for GI (FCGI) which since has a mandate to develop vision and strategy, the NLS (National Mapping Agency) which is the de facto leading and executive agency for the NSDI, the ProGIS-stakeholder association, the Finnish Environment Institute and some regional or local and transnational initiatives. FCGI includes all the key central government departments, local government and the private sector. The Finnish Council for Geographic Information was set up 2001 to prepare national GI strategy and to coordinate and follow the NSDI development. The council includes all key central government departments, governmental institutions, local government and the private sector. The council released the first version of the Finnish GI strategy in august 2004 to develop the Finnish NSDI. The Council has actively followed the INSPIRE initiative in the strategy preparation process. In autumn 2004 the GI council started to implement the NSDI strategy according to the agreed development plan and INSPIRE principles. Data policy relies on good access, state and institution copyrights, use licenses and open pricing principles. has a long tradition in promoting the shared use of GI. Data sharing between the public administrations is developing gradually to more open direction. Points where the NSDI situation in admittedly needs further attention include: ensuring the availability of sufficient dedicated resources for the coordination and maintenance of the NSDI; putting in place clear guidelines as to the roles and responsibilities of the players; addressing issues of pricing policies, funding requirements and budget policies; improving the coordinated and adequate use of metadata information to improve data discovery and eventual exploitation. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 2

6 Table of Contents CHANGE MATRIX 2007 VERSUS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...2 TABLE OF CONTENTS...3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS GENERAL INFORMATION METHOD KEY PLAYERS ON THE NSDI-SCENE DETAILS OF AN EMERGING FINNISH NSDI AS LED BY NLS GENERAL INFORMATION COMPONENT 1: COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES COMPONENT 2: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND FUNDING COMPONENT 3: DATA FOR THEMES OF THE INSPIRE ANNEXES COMPONENT 4: METADATA COMPONENT 4: NETWORK SERVICES COMPONENT 6: THEMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL DATA USE AND EFFICIENCY OF SDI ANNEXES LIST OF SDI ADDRESSES / CONTACTS FOR FINLAND LIST OF REFERENCES FOR FINLAND K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 3

7 Abbreviations and acronyms BDBP CT EDSO EULIS FCGI FEI FGI GDB GI GII GiMoDig GINIE GIS GIT GPS GSF INSPIRE JUHTA Kkj LIS MADAME MAF ME MGI NIA NLS NMA NONDB NSDI PPP PSI REF SDI SFS SYKE WMS Baltic Drainage Basin Project Core Thematic Data European Datum coordinate system European Land Information Service Finnish Council for Geographic Information Finnish Environment Institute Finnish Geodetic Institute Geographical Data Base Geographical Information Geographical Information Infrastructure Geospatial info-mobility service by real-time data-integration and generalisation Geographic Information Network in Europe Geographical Information System Geographic Information Technology Global Positioning System Geological Survey of (GTK in Finnish) INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe Consultative Committee for Data Administration in Public Administration National Grid coordinate system Land Information System Methods to Access Data and Metadata in Europe Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of Environment Municipal Geographical Infrastructure No Information Available National Land Survey National Mapping Agency Nordic Place Names Database National Spatial Data Infrastructures Public-Private Partnerships Policy and legislation on access to public sector information Reference data Spatial Data Infrastructures Finnish standards association Finnish Environment Institute WebMapServer K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 4

8 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Method This report is summarizing the review of SDI in, and reflects the degree to which the SDI situation is similar to the ideas set out in the INSPIRE position papers 1 and the more recent INSPIRE scoping documents. The report is based mainly on the analysis of documents and many web sites readily accessible 2, the most important of which are: The report has further been completed by the integration and consolidation of comments received from representatives of the NSDI initiatives and organisations. Those comments were provided either in written form or through interviews organized in May 2003 in the framework of Activity 2 of the State-of-Play project. Comments were received in 2004 on the State of Play report but nor integrated anymore in the version of The update of 2005 was based on input from the Finnish experts and integrated in the last version of the report. For the 2005 update, following additional sources of information were used: Finnish Council for Geographic Information: (in Finnish) National Mapping Agency: Environmental Administration: Geodetic Institute: Map viewing service: Metadata service: new internet address coming 2004/5 Turku University: (in Finnish) For the update of 2006, some modifications were made for the legal aspect based on specific sources. Additional information could be obtained through the presentation of Lasse Nurmi and Tuuli Toivonen during the EC GI&GIS workshop in Innsbruck, June 1 INSPIRE position papers, final versions: RDM, ETC, DPLI, ASF, IST, IAS (latest version). 2 Including the analysis of various documents, project references and web sites readily accessible. Most resources were gathered from the Internet. Throughout the report a distinction is made between actual SDI initiatives and GI and GIS based projects. Key elements that should be in place for an SDI to exist are: Status - strategy (or mandate) for SDI to be developed and not a one-off effort; Coordination - who will administer and organise the SDI; Scope - broad based interest and stakeholder involvement; Promoting - awareness, documentation, access; Funding - dedicated resources, a clear plan to pay for it; Partnerships - getting players on-board. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 5

9 2006. For the update of 2007, input was received regarding data sets and services, data sharing practices and use of the infrastructure. 1.2 Key players on the NSDI-scene It is interesting to look back at the conclusions from the MADAME project (Methods to access data and metadata in Europe, Comparative evaluation of national data infrastructures Deliverable D1, June 1999). In this report was described as having a well developed policy framework for data access and dissemination, a mature information market, and a well developed spatial data infrastructure in respect to both the data available and the facility to find it (metadata). This report seems to have been referring more to the potential for the Finnish NSDI rather than an existing NSDI. On the other hand, the document points to a number of issues needing attention, which seem still to remain valid: The absence of dedicated resources for the coordination and maintenance of the SDI which leaves it vulnerable to the internal changes of participating organizations; The lack of clear guidelines on how to implement the data policy framework, thus leaving room to different interpretations and practices, including pricing policy; The limited culture of information maintenance and exploitation, even in what is otherwise an extremely developed context. [MAF] The promotion of the shared use of GI between different stakeholders has been active in since 1980 s. There has been several initiatives (e.g. LIS-project 1985) where the different elements (co-ordination bodies, metadata catalog, data exchange formats, core data sets, standards etc.) of an SDI has been discussed and developed, however these initiatives were not named as SDI but development of shared use of GI. As a result, the positional interoperability of the basic registers in (person register, real estate register, building register and enterprise register) is generally high as the registers are well managed and linked with unique official identifiers. Since 1980 s the GI technology and applications have spread to nearly all fields of business and both government and the organizations have faced the actual challenges of the interoperability. At the beginning the problems were linked primarily to the technology but lately the problems have been linked more to the administrative and data policy issues. For the past few years (since 2000) the standard of the Finnish spatial data service improved but there is still lot of work to do to create a solid Finnish NSDI. In there is not yet a complete operational NSDI, but NSDI 3 has been prepared and promoted by numerous multi-interest GIS projects and other related activities. Some organizations undertake SDI-related initiatives and to the extent possible or useful, these organizations are referred to as possible building blocks for an NSDI. In 2001 Ministry of Agriculture published public mapping strategy: Maps and Geographic Information - essential elements in a well-functioning society. 3 The NSDI is in fact in the planning stage and in May/June 2004 the draft strategy document had just been prepared by the FGIC and the MAF. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 6

10 Since August 2004, there exists a strategy for further developing the emerging NSDI called the Finnish GI Strategy. It has been prepared by the Finnish Council for Geographic Information. The following table presents a non-exhaustive list of key-players for the emerging NSDI. The discussion that follows looks at some of these in greater detail. Table: Country-wide overview of SDI. Key players NUTS region name(s) National level NUTS codes FCGI F I NLS F I ProGIS F I FEI (SYKE) F I FGI F I Geological Survey Road Administration Maritime Administration Statistics Population Register Centre Local (SDI concept) MGI Municipal Geographic Infrastructure Various pilot municipalities in F I F I F I F I F I Status Spatial coverage: National Operational 100% - Operational 100% 100% Spatial coverage: Region Operational *1 100% 100% Operational *1 100% 100% Operational 100 % 100% Operational 100 % 100 % Operational 100 % 100 % (land) Operational 100 % - (marine) Operational 100 % - Operational 100 % - - Semioperational *3 Unknown Unknown Transnational Barents GIT Northern Artic - Operational *2 Unknown 100% Baltic Sea Maps Baltic Region - Operational *2 Unknown 100% *1 Organisations that are part of the NSDI (NLS) *2 Projects funded or supported by the NLS and that are examples of large scale GIS projects *3 Waiting for further funding/grants. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 7

11 1.2.1 Council for Geographic Information In 2001, the multi-agency Finnish Council for Geographic Information (FCGI) was established to move forward NSDI issues. It is currently coordinating the NSDI development. The FCGI is a high-level permanent co-operation between ministry departments, national institutions and private companies and acts presently as the central part of the Finnish SDI institutional framework. It was instituted at the end of July 2001 and its 17 members are all key stakeholders in the GI world (state departments, governmental organisations, local administration, industry and GI data services companies). The FCGI has a number of tasks: The tasks of the Council are: 1) to function as an expert, cooperation and negotiating body in matters relating to the joint use of geographic information, especially the national work on the proposed Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community (INSPIRE); 2) to launch and follow the implementation of the National Geographic Information Strategy; 3) to promote the production, maintenance and information service of geographic information to improve the possibilities for diversified use of the information in society and to minimise overlapping activities and information management systems; and 4) to evaluate the state of the research and education in the field of geographic information and the related development needs. To support the implementation of the tasks and the National Geographic Information Strategy, he Council has appointed sections for metainformation, harmonisation, information service and joint use, and research and education. ( The FCGI has a mandate to give recommendations and elaborate strategies concerning the implementation of the SDI, but not to make decisions that directly bind single stakeholders. The proposal for the creation of the FCGI (with its role and tasks) was submitted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (which has a mandate to submit proposals in GIS related issues in ) and the appointment decision was made by the Finnish Council of State. The role and tasks of FCGI were defined in the decision document. Set down in the National Geographic Information Strategy, the National Council for Geographic Information functions as a cooperation body of actors in the field of geographic information in. The Council specifies the outlines for developing the National Geographic Information Infrastructure, follows its development, deals with problems in practical operations, approves the common principles and launches the necessary projects. The Council also follow the international trends and makes sure that international needs are taken into account in developing the national infrastructure. Educational aspects regarding GI (and we can assume SDI) are felt to be important as a part of the Finnish SDI development. Awareness-raising is clearly recognized as a K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 8

12 priority under responsibility of the FCGI. Additionally, Finnish universities are very active in GI research and education and several national seminars are organised in GI technology and applications every year by scientific associations, ProGIS (see section 1.2.3) and various other institutions National Land Survey Since the 1980s the NLS (national mapping agency) is the de facto leading and executive agency for SDI-developments at the national level. With the advent of the FCGI, this role is not expected to change. The NLS is described in this report as the main body for the emerging NSDI and is described in Chapter 2. An example of the presence of NLS on the NSDI-scene is MapSite, a web service offering an access point to certain spatial data produced by the NLS 4 and to the spatial data directory which offers information from national level organizations and regional and local level associations. There are however many other players and services in the SDI field, which are not covered by the NLS pages. At the moment in there is no common SDI portal for all SDI stakeholders ProGIS The private sector participates at the national level as members in ProGIS, a Finnish association for geographic information, which aims to promote, stimulate and support the development and use of geographic information in the Finnish society. ProGIS is an open forum for users and data producers, system and service providers regarding various national and international GI topics and SDI. Membership includes about 40 organizations, including NLS, and 140 private persons. ProGIS is the Finnish member of Eurogi. In practice, the forum is more focused on GI related seminars and other member activities than national GI policy making. and Finnish Geodetic Institute Finnish Geodetic Institute deals with the basic geodetic measurements for and establishes and maintains the national geodetic reference systems for. In this work FGI maintains the Finnish permanent GPS network and carries out the precise levelling for the national height system. Finnish Geodetic Institute is also a governmental research institute for mapping sciences serving research community and academia, public administration and private industry by carrying out high quality research and work for developing methods and instruments in geodesy, geoinformatics, remote sensing and navigation ( Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Additional SDI-related sites covering are provided by the Finnish Environmental Institute (SYKE) 4 The NLS is the National Mapping Agency (NMA) for. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 9

13 SYKE is a research and development centre, performing and organizing R&D type work. It is also active in developing GIS applications for use within the organization. In fact SYKE has its own environmental SDI but it is called an environmental GIS. The environmental GIS was built to serve the whole environmental administration in the country. SYKE is functioning under the Ministry of Environment (ME) and to a lesser degree (indirectly) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). SYKE was established in 1995 and has some 600+ employees which are situated in the main office in Helsinki. The Environmental Administration consists of the ME, SYKE and 13 regional environment centers. The evolution of GIS use within SYKE has moved from creating a database to doing more and more analysis work. For example there is the expected mega work to implement the new water framework directive (refer to discussion on watersheds database). Now already and Sweden are having informal discussions about the next steps for the watersheds databases. The hope is that the INSPIRE proposal for a Directive will have a little more definition than the Watershed Framework legislation regarding the needed databases. It is SYKE that prepares and maintains tools for the standardization of environmental data in, and follows those set out in the publication Nordic Concept for Environmental Data which was prepared by the Nordic Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Data. No access to the environmental data system was located via the Internet, and neither the full description of the special standards as mentioned. The availability of LUMONET the Finnish Clearing-House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity is worth to be mentioned Finnish Standards Association (SFS) The Finnish Standards Association (SFS) deals with SDI s technical standards. The SFS is an independent, non-profit making organisation that co-operates with trade federations, industry, research institutes, labour market organisations, consumer organisations, government and local authorities. Specific to the GI sector there is a set of technical recommendations for public administrations (JHS) that are co-ordinated by the Consultative Committee for Data Administration in Public Administration (JUHTA). The technical recommendations concerning the new coordinate reference system and map projection has been published recently MAF has launched several projects to update and complement the set of the national recommendations for GI. The recommendations will be published in the series of "recommendations for public administration", but they are directed to all GI producers and users. The development of European standards, specifications and recommendations is also followed actively Local and regional initiatives SDI activities specific to the local and regional levels are limited and no operational examples were identified. It should be mentioned that, as with Sweden, the role of the cadastre appears to play an important role with respect to SDI. In a number of K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 10

14 the municipalities are key players in developing the national cadastral data and are planning data services. And in general the municipalities have a central role in developing many operational services. All provinces and numerous municipalities and cities have a presence on the Internet but they are not present in a SDI framework. Nevertheless, a number of GI or GIS projects that demonstrate a number of SDI characteristics are mentioned in this report. One example was found of a project that may lead to a local level SDI. The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities in cooperation with a number of stakeholders in mid-2002 put forward an idea to create a Municipal Geographical Infrastructure (MGI) that will be based on Municipal registers and databases. The aim is to improve the availability of up-to-date municipal geographic data in public administration and private organizations. This project, if realized, satisfies many aspects of SDI. Information can be found on The stated MGI objectives are: To improve data resources and capabilities to establish regional cooperation between municipalities in the field of infrastructure planning, building and use; To improve municipalities capabilities to create added value to digital data markets; To improve the workability of digital data markets; To certify unified basic geographical data classification and conceptual model of municipal infrastructure; To establish unified municipal geographical infrastructure data exchange interface and process. The expected MGI results include: data classification and conceptual model, data exchange interface, implemented and coordinated data exchange services. Register-based and address-based data is a fundamental part of Finnish GI and likewise this will be an important aspect of an eventual NSDI. The data for the registers are mainly generated by local administrations, but the registers are often managed by regional or national officials Transnational initiatives In addition to the noted key players on the (N)SDI scene there are a number of interesting inter-regional, international GI based projects that can serve as examples of the traditions of cooperation and joint use of data in : The Nordic Forum for Geo-statistics The Nordic Forum for Geo-statistics conducts a project that includes data harmonization of Nordic data sets, mapping with grids, delimitation, dissemination, etc. The project would address issues such as: understanding customer needs, partnership agreements, project development over the web, codes and geo-coding, Nordic statistical databases, a K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 11

15 system of maps, dissemination products. An operational website was however not located The EULIS-project As part of the econtent Programme of the European Union, national land registries with computerized systems have started a co-operation in a project called European Land Information Service (EULIS). The European housing and real estate credit markets are still almost totally national. A broader competition in this area could give the public benefits in the form of lower housing costs. This reduction in cost could be realized on account of increased competition between international lenders. Though all participants (including the NLS of ) have computerized national land information registers in operation, there are still certain barriers that have to be overcome. At present there are for example no common principles for collecting and storing information, no common legal and regulatory framework and no common principles for access to information. The participating agencies have agreed to work together to overcome these difficulties. An important part of such a development is the creation of international access to land and property registers. The EULIS project will create a demonstrator that will provide improved access to information on-line from eight national land registries. The extent to which the EULIS project would provide a SDI-like environment remains to be evaluated: The GISEDI-project The GISEDI Europe Project (a multi-national project including ) which was completed in January 2001, set up a market place for geographical information. The Finnish database contained information from the Uusimaa region published by different data producers. During the autumn 2000 the GISEDI on-line prototype was tested in four different European countries:, Greece, Portugal and Spain. With the GISEDI Online web browser it was possible to search and order geographical information. In order to make the search process easier the system contained GISEDI metadata i.e. description of each dataset. GISEDI Europe project aimed to "develop a European commercial and technical network infrastructure which will both facilitate and accelerate the exchange and trading of geographic information at the local, regional, national and international level": and The GiMoDig-project The Geospatial info-mobility service by real-time data-integration and generalisation, GiMoDig -project is a multi-national three-year project funded by the European Commission for the period The objective of the GiMoDig -project is to develop and test methods for delivering geospatial data to a mobile user by means of real-time data-integration and generalisation. The project aims at the creation of a seamless data service providing access, through a common interface, to the primary topographic geo-databases maintained by the National Mapping Agencies (NMAs) in various countries. A special emphasis will be put on providing appropriately generalised K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 12

16 map data to the user depending on a mobile terminal with limited display capabilities. Finnish Geodetic Institute coordinates the project, the other partners being the University of Hanover, Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (Germany), National Survey and Cadastre Denmark, National Land Survey of Sweden and National Land Survey of. Regarding Spatial Data Infrastructures, a prototype service has been developed in the GiMoDig -project, demonstrating the integration of different databases in webenvironment by means of schema translations. More information available at Examples of other SDI related international projects Baltic Sea Region GIS, Maps and Statistical Database are results of the Baltic Drainage Basin Project (BDBP), a multi-disciplinary research project under the EU Environment Research Programme, developed as a joint effort between the Beijer Institute, Stockholm, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University and UNEP/GRID-Arendal. Although new GI technologies and applications are developing rapidly, future growth of regional co-operation in the Barents Region will be hampered in the current situation by major differences in the way GI is collected, stored and distributed in the different countries and in different sectors of government and commerce. Different groups have already begun to capture data to satisfy their own requirements. This is going on without co-ordination and without taking into consideration the needs of other users. There may be short term reasons for preserving radically different systems, but in long term, standardization and ease of exchange will bring lasting benefits. All this together means that without establishment and development of joint structures and common base data, there will be no common policy on GI, nor will there be operational standards for data definition and exchange, and nor readily available base data set supporting technology and knowledge infrastructure. The overall objective of the BarentsGIT project was to produce homogeneous geographic information that can be used for all kind of planning and decision-making; communications, infrastructure, control of the environment, nuclear power supervision, cultural co-operation, technical, industrial and economic co-operation, tourism and even security interests. It will also be an important information source for educational institutions at all levels and for all who require a complete and comprehensive picture of and data about the Barents Region. A further objective for the project was to facilitate the rapid build-up of a regional infrastructure for the production, revision, dissemination and exchange of geographic information. By addressing the problems of trans-national areas and multinational projects on a common basis, it will be easier to foster the idea of the development of critical trans-national area like the Barents Region as a whole. Results are to be used by public sector authorities and private sector bodies. Expected results from the project include many aspects of SDI: 1. produce and keep up-to-date maps and geographic databases covering the whole region that have a homogeneous and reliable content, K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 13

17 2. create possibilities to spatially link basic thematic and statistical information; 3. produce an atlas for the Barents Region, in both a printed and digital format, containing a variety of themes; 4. satisfy other needs of geographic data, which can arise within the region; 5. contribute to the spread of technology and competence in the region; 6. develop a system for the common use and distribution of data to users; 7. initiate the development of a general and efficient infrastructure for data communication within the Barents Region. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 14

18 2 Details of an emerging Finnish NSDI as led by NLS 2.1 General Information The National Land Survey is playing an important if not leading role in the emerging NSDI. In, national surveying and mapping is guided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), but the Finnish Geodetic Institute as the mapping research institute and the National Land Survey of are responsible for the actual public land survey duties. The NLS has a role to promote shared use of GI in. Although nowadays the NSDI is a broader issue than the promotion of shared use, the NLS clearly remains one of the key players for SDI. The NLS is a decentralized government agency, but the role of the NLS as the public sector body responsible for Finnish NSDI is handled centrally (Onsrud). The NLS produces and provides information on and services in real estate, topography and the environment for the needs of citizens, other customers and the community at large. It is also responsible for s cadastral system and general mapping assignments. It also promotes the shared use of geographic information. The NLS seeks to promote the shared use of GI on natural resources, the relief, land use and ownership, traffic, municipal infrastructure networks, state of the environment. The NLS maintains the National Geographic data description directory as a part of the task of promotion of geographic information and products. The NLS consists of 13 District Survey Offices, five national operational units and the small central administration. The NLS has staff of 1.800, of who over 80 % are employed in the District Survey Offices. The NLS is a governmental agency subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. District Survey Offices provide expert assistance in matters pertaining to land, real estate and maps. They carry out land surveys and help to prepare deeds of sale, and provide assistance in applications for registration of title to property. They also supply cadastral information such as extracts from the cadastral register. The Offices gather and update data on the maps covering their areas for the topographic database, and this is used for producing printed topographic maps on scales 1:20,000 and 1:50,000, for example. The Offices also supply up-to-date printouts of the topographic database and produce maps to customers' orders. Standard maps are on sale at all District Survey Offices. The NLS national operational units are responsible for development and research in their own areas, coordination of activities and nationwide services. The NLS central administration is responsible for managing and developing the land survey administration and for NLS operations and unity. Overall development of cadastral and mapping activities, financial planning, result management, general administration, personnel and labour market policy, strategic data management planning, and data security also fall within the purview of the central administration. It is also responsible for internal auditing, legal services and communications. There are also a number of strategic development projects under the Director General. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 15

19 The NLS functions actively on international forums in co-operation with other European National Mapping Agencies (NMAs) in both mapping and real estate activities. The NLS participates in the international work in mapping through EuroGeographics. The NLS is also a member of the Working Party on Land Administration dealing with real estate systems which functions under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The Land Information System (LIS) managed by the National Land Survey (NLS) integrates both rural and urban cadastral information systems to provide a common service for the whole country. Updates in the structure of the system and the services it provides are foreseen based on the new legislation planned for 2003 (GINIE). In 1995 a vision paper was written for the National Geographic Information Infrastructure of, there was no further action taken after this document. And it is only relatively recently that concrete steps to discuss and define the NSDI have been realized. The MAF is in the process to create a plan for the Core of Geographic Information and this work is nowadays included in the development of the national GI strategy, done under the federal council for GI. 2.2 Component 1: Coordination and organizational issues The current building of a Finnish NSDI is largely based on this kind of voluntary participation. Despite a voluntary basis, overall coordination for GI has nevertheless been quite good in. Recent steps have been taken to improve the situation. In 2001, the multi-agency Finnish Council for Geographic Information (FCGI) was established to move forward NSDI issues and is currently coordinating the NSDI development. The mandate of the FCGI is to give recommendations and make strategies concerning the implementation of the SDI, but not to make decisions that directly bind single stakeholders. An example of collaboration is the regional/local SDI of Lounaispaikka (South Western ). It is a joined effort of 7 partners which was renewed in Partners are: the University of Turku, the Regional Environmental Centre, the Regional Council, Sydväst Polytechnics, Turku School of Economics, Abo Akademi University and Turku University of Applied Sciences. A coordinating body has been set up, as well as a center for joint GI services. Regional data are made available according to the following principles: to develop regional collaboration, to develop and offer GI services, to seek for synergy and to adhere the non-profit principle. The regional level collaborates with the national level. 2.3 Component 2: Legal framework and funding Legal and organisational framework In the past, data collection was never formally coordinated between the public authorities. Instead of formal coordination, the major governmental bodies have since 1980 s practiced voluntary cooperation, and participated in several projects, thereby aiming to K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 16

20 avoid overlapping data collection and at the same ensuring that all necessary themes were covered. There is no legislation formally establishing the equivalent of a national centre for GI. However the NLS has a legal responsibility to promote the shared use and interoperability of GI in. This was in turn backed up by a number of voluntary agreements and initiatives. The lack of an explicit legal basis with funding allocated thereto was and is considered a problem. This problem may be solved in relation to the implementation of the proposed INSPIRE proposal for a Directive. The FCGI prepared a national Geographic Information Strategy , planning the following steps for the implementation of the Finnish SDI. There are four working groups preparing the strategy for the different elements Public-private partnerships (PPP s) The interaction between public sector data providers and private sector service developers functions pretty well in. The public sector is mainly responsible for data collection while the private sector takes care of value added products and information services. The national mapping agencies have been cutting down on their value added production over the last decade. It is possible for public bodies to enter the markets with their products and services, but in many cases it is not profitable, because the costs and expenditure of the production are often much higher than in the private sector. For this reason the NLS, for example, is not producing road maps even if it would be technically quite easy. Instead, it has chosen the strategy of co-operation with the private sector. The biggest map publishing house in (AffectoGenimap, uses the NLS s data in their road maps. Also, the maintenance and updating of real estate information service including the maintenance of basic register data systems and databases are supported via the private sector, although all the data of the system is collected by the public sector. Another form of co-operation between the public and private sectors are joint ventures. The NLS established from its Satellite Image Centre with a big Finnish software and hardware company (Novo Group) a joint company, which distributed satellite images and provided services in the field of satellite image processing. At the moment, after a business reorganisation, the satellite image services are offered by a totally privately owned company Soil and Water Ltd Policy and legislation on access to and re-use of public sector information (PSI) The availability and access of public sector information has traditionally been good in. The right of access to PSI was implemented by the Publicity of Official Documents Act of 1951 (83/51), but this has been replaced by the Act on the Openness of Government Activities (Publicity Act). It entered into force on 1 December The 1999 Publicity Act provides for a general right of access to legally defined administrative documents created, sent, or received by a government agency on the condition that the document is in the public domain. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 17

21 There also exist several laws specifically concerning one or more datasets, e.g. the Real Estate Register Act (392/85) and the Real Estate Market Price Register Act (552/801). New legislation concerning the real estate data service entered into force in The National Metadata Service for Geographic Information is part of the public domain but for discovery purposes. It is freely available to all users and data producers through the Internet. The major private companies involved in data collection in have described their datasets in this National Metadata Service for Geographical Information (descriptions are available in Finnish). However, there are no public domain datasets available. It is also possible to access topographic maps for viewing (in MapSite), but these are expressly limited to personal use. Directive 2003/4 on access to environmental information and Directive 2003/98 on the re-use of PSI have been fully transposed into national law Legal protection of GI by intellectual property rights The Finnish Copyright Act of 1961 (law no. 404 of 8 July 1961) has been amended several times throughout the years. For example, law no. 250/1998 implemented the EC database directive 96/9/EC into Finnish legislation. The 2001 directive on copyright in the information society has been transposed into national law in According to article 9 of the Copyright Act, copyright does not subsist in laws and decrees, or in decrees and declarations of public authorities and other public organizations. Collections of data are protected under article 49. These collections might be catalogues, programs, tables or similar products that contain a large amount of items of information. The protection lasts for fifteen years after completion. Non-original photographs are protected by section 49a of the copyright act, which provides for an exclusive right of the photographer to reproduce and distribute photographs taken. The term of protection is fifty years after the photograph was made. The free browse-able maps offered by the MapSite can be printed for personal use only as defined by Copyright law. Any other kind of use is subject to charges (Onsrud) Restricted access to GI further to the legal protection of privacy The Personal Data Act (523/1999) of 22 April which entered into force on 1 June brought the Finnish national legislation in line with the EC Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. This Act restates many of the principles in the previous Data Protection Act of is fully compliant with Directive 2002/58 on privacy and electronic communications. Unregulated use of the basic registers may violate the right of privacy of an individual. Data protection is addressed in the legislation concerning the basic registers. Data sets can be delivered only for authorized use. The Personal Data Act was superficially amended by Act on the amendment of the Personal Data Act (986/2000). K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 18

22 2.3.6 Licensing framework There is no general or common licensing framework for GI in. However he Finnish GI markets are quite limited and the licensing principles are pretty similar in different organisations. The license fee is normally dependent on data usage and use period. Spatial data of the NLS are inter alia available through MapSite ( a service provided by the NLS. This site provides access to brows-able topographic maps at various scales from all over. Two versions exist. On the "Citizen's MapSite" brows-able topographic maps are accessible to all users free of charge. Nevertheless these free brows-able maps are copyright protected. Thus, a user may print only one copy for personal use as defined by the copyright law (see above). Other kinds of use are chargeable. The "Professional's MapSite" offers a more varied range of maps and additional on-line ordering services which are subject to charges. A permit to copy, print or scan NLS products or material, and to use them as such or integrated into their own products (maps, books, brochures, newspapers and periodicals, advertising material and multimedia, etc.) is usually granted automatically, but the customer must pay the NLS a fee for using the material. The fee depends on the intended purpose of the product, the number of copies to be produced, and the type of material in question and the way it is incorporated into the end product. The fees charged for using NLS material and products are on a case-by-case basis. NLS normally grants ten-year parallel licences for use of the information in its databases. Alternatively, the customer can be granted a one-year licence for which an annual fee is payable. Licences based on the number of users comprise basic licences (1-5 users), multi-user licences (6-20 users) and institutional licences (more than 20 users). Licences for a larger number of users and one-off licences covering short periods can also be granted. Customers intending to use the material on the Internet need a separate permit (see Funding model and pricing policy Funding Funding of the national basic registries is mainly provided by the government. However the funding of the maintenance of the national topographic database and cadastral system is based on partial cost recovery. For example, the costs of the general mapping performed by the NLS is partly (20-30%) covered by income from the market. The funding of the maintenance of the national topographic database and cadastral system is also based on partial cost recovery. Most of the activities of the Finnish Geodetic Institute - which is a national mapping research institute - are funded through the national budget. Regarding funding of specific NSDI activities, the national budget refers to the responsibility of the NLS to promote the shared use of GI, but it does not specify the K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 19

23 details of how the NLS budget should be apportioned. The NLS own budget sets aside for the task of promoting5 GI approximately EURO (Onsrud). At the moment the FCGI receives limited funding from the Finnish government to cover meeting and secretary expenses. All real development measures must be funded through the acting organizations through their normal funding mechanisms which are often state grants. Of course the FCGI may promote projects, which may apply for funding from research funds or technical development funds. The Finnish National Fund for Research and Development funded a project on Finnish information society, which identified originally seven spearhead projects for the future development of the Finnish information society. One of these is the Personal Navigation (NAVI) programme, which lasted for three years ( ). The target level for the overall budget is EUR million, half of which would be financed by the public sector. New programme for GI and remote sensing is planned Pricing The pricing of digital datasets is a continuous topic of discussion within the GI community in. The general conditions and the level of pricing for the provision of geographic services in are not yet fully established. The definition of proper prices for datasets produced by the public administration are in most cases derived according to the market situation. There is thus a great variety in the pricing policies applied even between different departments. The prices for many of the registers are set according to the amount of data purchased, per views of the data, on annual fees or are charged according to units of time. For vector datasets the most common methods used for pricing are according to map sheets, area covered, or by the number of entities purchased. For raster datasets the area covered or a standardised map sheet are used as criteria. Many times prices are set according to the number of users that are allowed to use the data. Also the use of the data and the rights the customer gets affects the price. The State Cost Assessment Act (150/92) establishes the basic rules for pricing for the provision of datasets owned by governmental bodies. It distinguishes datasets governed by public law from products subject to market conditions. Generally cost recovery is expected for services that are not related to law-based demand. The cost recovery policy of the data production depends on the funding structures of the responsible organization. For example, the cost recovery of the national mapping tasks is agreed annually between the NLS and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The charging principles are public information. Another law, which might have certain implications, is the Publicity Act of Any charges for access to PSI are defined by this Act, which permits charging for some forms of access, while others are free of charge. This Act was in fact linked to the EU Information Society project in order to make the possibility of commercial exploitation clear and to encourage uniform practice by the authorities. 5 It remains difficult for the MAF and NLS to give any figures, because it is not so easy to say, what the promoting contains. The promoting is shared in many different operations. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 20

24 As a result, there is also a great variety of pricing policies applied between different government departments, and it is not possible to compare value for money that a customer gets from these different data sets. Since January 2008, the National Land Survey lowered its prices for access of educational institutions and authorities. They only have to pay extraction costs, and no longer any usage rights fees. The new prices apply to all digital geographic information provided by the National Land Survey, unless their user right fees are determined by legislation elsewhere. Such information includes digital map data provided by the National Land Survey, Official Purchase Price Register data and digital aerial photographs which are not made to order. Cancellation of user licences is intended to encourage the use of geographic information. Environment services, police forces, rescue services, armed force, municipalities and institutions of higher education, among others, benefit from the reduced prices. The new pricing applies neither to data from the cadastre nor cadastral maps, nor to data produced in cooperation with European land survey agencies. Charging extraction costs only does not apply to commercial activities. Data may not be annexed to and results derived from such data may not be used in any commercial applications created by the educational institution, not even for teaching purposes. Authorities must demonstrate their official tasks in writing to the National Land Survey for pricing by extraction costs. The Sales and Marketing department of the National Land Survey grants official permissions and settles any cases requiring interpretation ( A price list can be found at Component 3: Data for themes of the INSPIRE annexes Scale and resolution: European, National, Regional, Local, Other Much of the basic GI available in and covering all or most all of the country is held by the public sector, particularly by the NLS. In a number of cases there are interesting spatial datasets created and owned by actors in the private sector and covering, or are planned to cover, the whole of the country 6. The NLS offers much of its digital data products at medium scale: 1: to 1: and also at the following smaller scales: 1: , 1: , 1: , 1:1 million, 1:2 million, 1:4,5 million. The Topographic Database and Digital Cadastre includes a 6 e.g. FM-Kartta Oy which aims to cover 100% of Finnish territory with digital orthophoto data; ffectogenimap Oy which has elaborated a roads data set for all of, and other base data; Soil and Water which is part of Jaakko Pöyry Group and has also considerable work in GI consulting. These are detailed in the Dedicated Country Report of. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 21

25 general reference data for several thematic GIS realisations, such as Digital Road Database (Digiroad, Road Administration) and Water GIS (SYKE). Basic registers are the national information systems that identify the basic units of society (basic units of society: i.e. natural persons, corporations, buildings including dwellings, real estate units). The basic registers are: the person register, real estate register, building register and enterprise register (the registers are also referred to in the literature as Information Systems). The use of registers and addresses (co-ordinate locations) supports detailed mapping at large scales and also at small scales. Thus much of the basic data derived from registers will fit in the INSPIRE scale / resolutions. Data collection by the NLS is underway for the geographic scales 1:10 000/ The whole country will be covered with new data in In some mainly urban areas digital orthophoto maps are produced at scale 1: Some of the municipalities are managing the urban data sets (large scales of 1:500 1:2.000) locally Data by resolution or scale range for the INSPIRE themes All in all there are about 345 datasets described in the directory kept by NLS. Topographic maps are available from scales of 1: to 1:4,5 million. The 1:5.000 orthophoto maps are only offering partial coverage in. Printed maps normally have scales 1:20.000, 1:50.000, 1: and 1: (private road maps) and 1: In addition to the INSPIRE list, core data in also includes: Geophysical measurements Geodetic benchmarks Hindrances for flight traffic Land use Air quality Statistical grid information Companies and agencies Safety devices The next tables provide information on the data sets for the 3 annexes of the INSPIRE Directive covering all the themes of annex I and II, and almost all the themes of annex III. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 22

26 Data sets ANNEX I Theme 7 Data set 8 Organisation responsible 1. Koordinaattireferenssijärjestelmät Coordinate Reference Systems Paikannusruudustot Geographical grid systems (harmonised multi-resolution grid) 3. Paikannimet Geographical names Kiintopistetiedot: kolmiopisterekisteri, painovoimarekisteri, pysyvien GPS-asemien havainnot, geoidimalli Geodeettinen laitos < Kiintopisterekisteri Merenkulkulaitos < Scale/resolution Metadata (N/Y/ISO) 9 Kiintopisterekisteri Maanmittauslaitos < 5 000/ ,2,3 Kuntien kiintopisteet ja pohjakartta asemakaava-alueilla Tilastokeskuksen hila, ruutukoko 1 km * 1 km kunnat < Tilastokeskus 1 km* 1km Peruskarttalehtiaineisto Maanmittauslaitos 40 km*30 km Pelastuspalveluruudusto Maanmittauslaitos / Geodeettinen laitos 80 km* 80 km Nimistörekisteri Maanmittauslaitos ISO Can be discovered, viewed, downloaded 10 1,2,3 7 See also description of the data themes in document D2.3 Definition of Annex Themes and Scope ( 8 Name the data set. Can be a database with multiple layers and thus including several themes, or a specific data set which covers part of a theme (e.g. Natura 2000), you can also have several data sets with the same information at different scales/resolutions. Please only include only the basic data sets (e.g. generalised versions derived from large scale base data sets should not be included) 9 Indicate whether the data set has no metadata (N), metadata but not according to the ISO standard (Y), or metadata according to ISO (ISO). 10 Can the data set be discovered (1), viewed (2), downloaded (3) through at least one such standardised service? Indicate this using the numbers (1,2,3) 11 This is of course not necessarily a real data set. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 23

27 4. Hallinnolliset yksiköt (paikallinen, alueellinen ja valtakunnallinen hallinto) Administrative units (local, regional and national boundaries) Maastotietokanta/Hallinnollinen jaotus/valtakunnan raja, läänin raja, kunnan raja, käymätön raja, maakunnan raja Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 5. Osoitteet Addresses 6. Kiinteistöt Cadastral parcels 7. Liikenneverkot (ml. niihin liittyvä infrastruktuuri) Transport networks (road, rail, air, water and links between networks) Valtakunnan raja merellä Merenkulkulaitos Aluevesien rajat Merenkulkulaitos Rakennus- ja huoneistorekisteri (sijaintiosoite) Väestörekisterikeskus (+ maistraatit ja kunnat) < Kansallinen tie- ja katurekisteri Tiehallinto ,2,3 Maastotietokanta/Tiestö/Tien nimi ja osoitenumero Kiinteistörekisteri Kansallinen tie- ja katurekisteri (Digiroad) Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Maanmittauslaitos ja kunnat Tiehallinto (+ Maanmittauslaitos ja kunnat) Tierekisteri Tiehallinto < Rataverkon raiteet Ratahallintokeskus ,2, ISO 1,2,3 Maastotietokanta/Tiestö Maanmittauslaitos ISO 1,2,3 Vesiväylät (väylät ja turvalaitteet) Ilmaliikenne Ilmailuhallinto Ulkoilu- ja moottorikelkkailureitit (toimitusten perusteella) Merenkulkulaitos < maanmittaustoimistot (+ kiinteistörekisterin pitäjä) Hydrografia (merialueet ja Maastotietokanta/Vakavedet ja Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 24

28 kaikki muut vesimuodostumat, vrt. direktiivi 2000/60/EY) Hydrography (including marine areas, all water bodies, river basins, etc.) 9. Suojellut alueet (lainsäädännön puitteissa nimetty tai hoidettu alue) Protected sites (designated by national, EU or international legislation) virtavedet Uomarekisteri, järvirekisteri, rantaviiva-aineisto ja valumaalueet (ns. vesi-gis-aineisto, jatkossa vesimuodostumaaineisto) Suomen ympäristökeskus Kanavat Merenkulkulaitos < Luonnonsuojelualueet (SALTI) Luonnonsuojeluohjelmat Natura alueet Ramsar-alueet Suojeltavat kosket Suomen ympäristökeskus, Metsähallitus Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Muinaisjäännökset Museovirasto Vedenalaiset muinaisjäännökset Valtakunnallisesti arvokkaat kallioalueet Museovirasto Suomen ympäristökeskus Y 1,2, Y Y < Y Valtakunnallisesti arvokkaat Suomen Y Y Y Y 1,2,3 1,2,3 K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 25

29 maisema-alueet Valtakunnallisesti merkittävät kulttuurihistorialliset ympäristöt (rakennetut ympäristöt) ympäristökeskus Museovirasto Erämaa-alueet Metsähallitus < Kuntien suojelualueet kunnat < 5000 Kiinteistörekisteri/yksityinen suojelualue Maastotietokanta/erämaaalueet, luonnonsuojelualueet, retkeilyalueet, suojametsä, suojelualueen reunaviiva Suojelualueiden liikkumisrajoitusalueet Maanmittauslaitos < Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Metsähallitus Data sets ANNEX II Theme Data set 12 Organisation responsible 1. Korkeus (maan-, jään- ja merenpinta) Elevation (land, ice and ocean surfaces; terrestrial elevation, bathymetry, shoreline) Korkeusmalli 200, 25 ja 10 sekä maastotietokannan korkeuskäyrät Scale/resolution Maanmittauslaitos 10, 25, 200 m Metadata (N/Y/ISO) Can be discovered, viewed, downloaded 1,2,3 12 Name the data set. Can be a database with multiple layers and thus including several themes, or a specific data set which covers part of a theme (e.g. Natura 2000), you can also have several data sets with the same information at different scales/resolutions. Please only include only the basic data sets (e.g. generalised versions derived from large scale base data sets should not be included) K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 26

30 2. Maanpeite (fysikaalinen ja biologinen peite) Land cover (physical and biological) 3. Ortoilmakuvat Orthoimagery (georeferenced image data) Maastotietokanta/rantaviiva Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Vaaitusrekisteri Geodeettinen laitos < Järvien syvyysaineisto Merikartan syvyystiedot ja merenmittauksten syvyysaineistot Merigeologisen kartoituksen syvyystiedot CORINE Land Cover 2000, EU-versio CORINE Land Cover 2000, kansallinen versio Maastotietokanta/kohderyhmä maasto/maankäyttö-, kasvillisuus- ja pinnanlaatutiedot Suomen ympäristökeskus, Merenkulkulaitos (suuret järvet) Merenkulkulaitos < Geologian tutkimuskeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Y < Y 1,2, < Y 1,2,3 Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Peltolohkorekisteri Maaseutuvirasto < ,2 Valtion metsien inventointi (monilähdeversio) Metsäntutkimuslaitos < Maanmittauslaitoksen ortokuvat Maanmittauslaitos Topografikunnan korkeakuvausten ortokuvat Puolustusvoimien Tiedustelukeskus 1, ,2 Maa- ja metsätaloushallinnon ilmakuvat Maaseutuvirasto ,2 K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 27

31 4. Geologia (kallioperä, akviferit ja pinnanmuodot) Geology (including bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology) IMAGE2000 ja IMAGE2006 Kallioperätiedot: kallioperäkartat, kallioperähavainnot, kallioperän ruhje- ja lineamenttitulkinnat, kallion kiviainestiedot, kallioperän geokemia, maastogeofysiikka ja lentogeofysiikka Pohjavesitiedot Maastotietokanta/avokalliot ja pinnan muodot Pohjavesialueet Suomen ympäristökeskus Geologian tutkimuskeskus Geologian tutkimuskeskus < Y 1, , , Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Suomen ympäristökeskus < Y 1,2,3 Data sets ANNEX III Theme Data set 13 Organisation responsible Scale/resolution Metadata (N/Y/ISO) 1. Tilastoyksiköt Statistical units (for dissemination or use of statistical data) 2. Rakennukset Buildings (geographical Tilastoissa käytetyt aluejaot ml. Tilastokeskuksen hila Tilastokeskus Tilastokeskuksen Hila Tilastokeskus 1 km 1 km Rakennus- ja huoneistorekisteri Väestörekisterikeskus (+ maistraatit ja kunnat) Y 1,2,3 Can be discovered, viewed, downloaded 13 Name the data set. Can be a database with multiple layers and thus including several themes, or a specific data set which covers part of a theme (e.g. Natura 2000), you can also have several data sets with the same information at different scales/resolutions. Please only include only the basic data sets (e.g. generalised versions derived from large scale base data sets should not be included) K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 28

32 location of buildings) 3. Maaperä Soil (and sub-soil characteristics) 4. Maankäyttö Land use (e.g. residential, industrial, commercial, Rakennuksen sijaintitiedot kunnat < Maastotietokanta/rakennukset Maanmittauslaitos Y 1,2,3 Suojellut rakennukset Maaperätiedot: maaperäkartat, maaperähavainnot, merialueiden maaperätiedot, maaperän geokemia, maa-ainestiedot, moreenigeokemia ja purosedimenttigeokemia Maannoskartat ja tiedot maaperän tilasta Museovirasto, Suomen ympäristökeskus Geologian tutkimuskeskus , , , Metsäntutkimuslaitos, Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus Kaavakartat maakunnat, kunnat 1000 < 1,2 Asema- ja rakennuskaavat Suomen ympäristökeskus (tiedot kunnilta) 1000 < Yhdyskuntarakenne-aluejako Suomen ympäristökeskus Kuntien yhteiset yleiskaavat Ranta-asemakaavat Suunnittelutarvealueet Suomen ympäristökeskus, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset Suomen ympäristökeskus, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset Suomen ympäristökeskus, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset Valtakunnallinen Suomen ympäristökeskus Y K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 29

33 5. Väestön terveys ja turvallisuus Human health and safety (see full description in Annex) 6. Yleishyödylliset ja muut julkiset palvelut Utility and governmental services (sewage, waste management, energy, etc.) maakuntakaavapaikkatietokanta Vesiliikenteen rajoitusalueet (tiedot maakuntien liitoilta) Suomen ympäristökeskus, Merenkulkulaitos Maastoliikenteen rajoitusalueet Suomen ympäristökeskus Y Syöpärekisteri, terveydenhuollon palvelut, kuolemansyytilastot, jne. Diabetesrekisteri, tartuntatautirekisteri, astma ja allergiat Ruokamyrkytysrekisteri Rakennus- ja huoneistorekisteri (RHR) Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskus (Stakes) Kansanterveyslaitos Elintarviketurvallisuusvirasto, kunnat Väestörekisterikeskus ,2,3 Maastotietokanta/johtoverkosto Maanmittauslaitos ISO 1,2,3 Merikartan johtotiedot Merenkulkulaitos < Vesihuoltolaitokset Suomen ympäristökeskus < Vesihuollon kehittämissuunnitelmat ja vesihuoltolaitosten toiminta-alueet (jos sähköisessä muodossa) Jakeluverkonhaltijoiden toimitusvelvollisuusalueiden rajat (ei vielä sähköisessä muodossa) kunnat < Energiamarkkinavirasto Y K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 30

34 7. Ympäristön tilan seurantalaitteet Environmental monitoring facilities (emissions, ecosystem parameters) 8. Tuotanto- ja teollisuuslaitokset Production and industrial facilities (water abstraction, mining, storage sites) Väestönsuojat Alueen pelastusviranomainen, lääninhallitus, kunnat Koulut, päiväkodit, sairaalat (RHR) kunnat 1000 < Valvonta- ja kuormitustietojärjestelmä (VAHTI) Maaperän tilan tietojärjestelmä (Matti) Pintavesien tilan tietojärjestelmä (Pivet) Länsi-Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Suomen ympäristökeskus Pohjavesitietojärjestelmä (Povet) Suomen ympäristökeskus Hydrologian ja vesien käytön tietojärjestelmä (Hydro) Suomen ympäristökeskus Ilmapäästötietojärjestelmä Suomen ympäristökeskus Raaka- ja talousveden laatua sekä jäteveden käsittelyä koskevat tiedot vesihuoltolaitokset, kunnat Ilmanlaatuportaali Ilmatieteen laitos Itämeren tilan seuranta-aineisto Merentutkimuslaitos Ympäristöluvanvaraiset laitokset ympäristönsuojelun tietojärjestelmässä Yritysrekisterin yli 10 hengen tuotanto- ja teollisuuslaitokset Ympäristölupavirastot, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset Tilastokeskus K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 31

35 9. Maatalous- ja vesiviljelylaitokset Agricultural and aquacultural facilities Maastotietokanta/rakennukset Maanmittauslaitos ISO 1,2,3 Kaavan pohjakartat /rakennukset Kunnat < Maaseutuelinkeinorekisteri ja - tilastot MMM:n tietopalvelukeskus 10. Väestöjakauma Population distribution - demography 11. Aluesuunnittelun, rajoitusten ja sääntelyn piiriin kuuluvat alueet ja raportointiyksiköt Area management / restrictions / regulation zones / reporting units Vesiviljelyrekisteri Vesiviljelytilastot Ympäristöluvanvaraiset laitokset ympäristönsuojelun tietojärjestelmässä Väestömäärä tilastoissa käytetyillä aluejaoilla Väestötietojärjestelmän henkilötiedot Työvoima- ja elinkeinokeskukset Riista- ja kalatalouden tutkimuslaitos Ympäristölupavirastot, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset Tilastokeskus Väestörekisterikeskus (tieto toimitetaan Tilastokeskukselle) Valuma-alueet ja merialuejako Suomen ympäristökeskus Y Kaatopaikat (valvonta- ja Alueelliset K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 32

36 12. Luonnonriskialueet Natural risk zones (e.g. atmospheric, hydrologic, seismic, volcanic, wildfire) 13. Ilmakehän tila Atmospheric conditions 14. Ilmaston maantieteelliset ominaispiirteet Meteorological geographical features (weather conditions, measurements) kuormitustietojärjestelmä) Vedenoton suoja-alueet (pohjavesitietojärjestelmä) ympäristökeskukset Suomen ympäristökeskus, ympäristölupavirastot Säännellyt laivaväylät Merenkulkulaitos Melurajoitusalueet (tuleva meluntorjunnan tietojärjestelmä) Luonnonvarojen tai malmin etsintäalueet (valtaus- ja varausalueet) Kaivostoiminnan lupa-alue (kaivospiiri) kunnat, Suomen ympäristökeskus Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö maanmittaustoimistot, kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö Vesienhoitoalueet (vesipiirit) Suomen ympäristökeskus Maastotietokanta/kaatopaikat Maanmittauslaitos ISO 1,2,3 Eroosioalueet (aineisto valmisteilla) Metsäntutkimuslaitos, MTT Tulvariskialueet Suomen ympäristökeskus, alueelliset ympäristökeskukset < Reaaliaikaiset säätiedot Ilmatieteen laitos Ilmastotietokanta Ilmatieteen laitos K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 33

37 15. Merentutkimuksen maantieteelliset ominaispiirteet Oceanographic geographical features (currents, salinity, wave heights, etc.) 16. Merialueet Sea regions (physical conditions of seas and saline water bodies) (Eri aineistoja) Merentutkimuslaitos Merialueiden rajat (HELCOM) Merentutkimuslaitos 17. Biomaantieteelliset alueet Bio-geographical regions (areas with homogeneous ecological conditions) 18. Elinympäristöt ja biotoopit Habitats and biotopes (geographical areas for specific ecological conditions) Luonnonsuojelulain luontotyypit ja uhanalaisten lajien esiintymispaikat (jos rajat määritelty) Suomen ympäristökeskus, Metsähallitus Metsälain luontotyypit Metsähallitus, metsäkeskukset Lajien levinneisyys Species distribution (geographical boundaries for animal and plant species) Luonnonvaraiset eliölajit Suomen ympäristökeskus, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 34

38 20. Energiavarat Energy resources (hydrocarbons, hydropower, bio-energy, solar, wind, etc.) 21. Mineraalivarat Mineral resources (metal ores, industrial minerals depth/height) Riistakannan ja kalavarojen arviot Vesivoimalat (ympäristönsuojelun tietojärjestelmä) Riista- ja kalatalouden tutkimuslaitos Ympäristölupavirastot Turvetiedot: inventoidut turvealueet Geologian tutkimuskeskus Muu bioenergia (puu, yhdyskuntajäte, energiakasvit,...) Tuulivoima Malmiesiintymät ja teollisuusmineraaliesiintymät Metsäntutkimuslaitos, Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus maakuntien liitot (erillisselvityksiä) Geologian tutkimuskeskus < K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 35

39 2.4.3 Geodetic reference systems and projections Spatial referencing is done by coordinates. ISO defines how the coordinate systems have to be described. Also the national grid coordinate system (kkj) can be (and is) explained along ISO Besides, two national recommendations JHS153 and JHS154 define in details the new coordinate system EURREF-FIN and the new map projection ETRS-TM35. The National Grid coordinate system (kkj) has been in use since The European Datum 1950 (ED50) was introduced by solving the Helmert transformation in plane between kkj coordinate system and ED50. For mapping, the Transverse Mercator projection with Gauss-Kruger grid is used in most cases. The Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) maintains the Finnish permanent GPS network (FinnRef ). The network is a part of the Fennoscandian regional permanent GPS network, which was established by the initiative of the directors of the Nordic mapping agencies. FinnRef creates a backbone for the EUREF-FIN coordinates and provides a connection between the international and the national coordinate systems. FinnRef is also used together with other Scandinavian GPS stations to study the Fennoscandian postclagial rebound (see FGI web pages) Quality of the data The quality management and the awareness of importance of the quality management as an integral part of the data production have improved significantly during the recent years. According to the strategy for public mapping (MAF 2001): The gathering and updating of topographic data, and map production, should be based on approved quality, data and product models. At the same time, electronic services should be based on a service model that describes the applicable interfaces, for example. All models and instructions should be properly documented, accessible by the public and in keeping with international compatibility requirements. The most important parts of the basic topographic data should be updated at least every five (5) years. However, the features changing most frequently, such as roads and buildings, should be updated every year. Aerial photographs, should be updated at least every five (5) years. The positional accuracy of basic topographic data should be sufficient to enable versatile shared use of the material at national level. Topographic data should be updated and their quality monitored to ensure that any positional errors are within the approved limits and the attribute data are correct in at least 97 per cent of cases, and that not more than 5 per cent of the features in each category are missing or incorrect. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 36

40 Systematic monitoring of the quality of topographic data and material should be carried out separately from their production, and the quality data should be integrated into the generally used attribute and description data. A quality description should be included in all material deliveries. According to the quality monitoring of the Topographic Database production, these quality standards are generally met. The Finnish Geodetic Institute developed a quality management procedure for the orthophotoproduction. This procedure is used e.g. in producing the orthophotos for the agricultural Land Parcel Identification System. This procedure has significantly improved the ortophoto acquisition process. The actual positional accuracy depends on the dataset. For example, the positional accuracy of clearly identifiable features (buildings, roads) in the national Topographic Database is 1-3 meters. In some datasets there are specific physical criteria that will specify if a feature is included. For example, in the waters dataset (topographical database) there is a minimum size limit for the surface area of a body of water (i.e. a bog site must be at least 1.000m 2 ). Update schedules vary with the datasets. They range from each year (road information) to once each 3-10 years. The Data quality and standardization working group of the FCGI is developing a national program for GI quality and standardization as part of the national SDI strategy Interoperability Work to promote interoperability of the main GI data sets has been done in since 1980 s. Systematic work has been done more than ten years to improve the spatial and logical compatibility of the basic data sets. The identification coding system of the basic registers is well developed. The basic topographic data, cadastral data and many thematic data sets are in practice quite interoperable. An XML/GML-based data transfer of basic topographic and cadastral data is available through the NLS data services. The XML/GML is recommended to be a standard interface for all electronic data services in public administration. The national recommendation is under development in FGI. Various datasets described can be converted into the following formats: ESRI (shapes), Mapinfo (Mif), MaagisXL, Maagis, Maagis2, Fingis Language and culture Metadata (data dictionary) is provided but in varying structures and detail depending on the dataset. For the topographic database the original language is Finnish, and is translated into English and/or Swedish. For the other datasets the metadata is mostly available in Finnish only. A glossary of main terms exists in Finnish, Swedish and/or English. 14 The last 4 formats are soon out-of-date. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 37

41 2.4.7 Data Content Data content is distributed among the different data providers (e.g. SYKE, NLS, FGI). For data held by the NLS there is text explanation for attributes but only in some pages of the directory. This is not the case in the topographic data sets, for example Geographical names The richest database of geographical names is a part of the National Topographic Database. There are also several other partial and less documented name registers used in various data services. In the Nordic Place Names Database NONDB the place names are managed via an application. The NONDB has a function that converts the codes (names) into the language of the user interface. The languages supported by NONDB are: Finnish, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian. This database has not developd as expected Character sets Character sets being used appear to be in line with the UNICODE standard and UTF-8 encoding. Those can vary in different places (most sensitive are the Lappish place names). Very often ISO (Latin alphabet No 1) is used. This is a subset of ISO 10646, Unicode. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 38

42 2.5 Component 4: Metadata Availability Descriptive metadata are available for a significant part of the reference and core thematic data. They are either of the exploration or exploitation type and allow assessment of fitness for use Metadata catalogues availability + standard The Geographic Dataset Directory operates on a voluntary basis. Presently there are descriptions of 345 geographic datasets provided from some 20 national organizations and more than 40 local or regional authorities. Data producers send their corrections and updates for metadata to the NLS which updates the contents of the directory. The updating is not automated and remains a slow process. The content and architecture of the metadata service will be revised in near future. Searching the Geographic Dataset Directory is possible according to data supplier name or by browsing the alphabetical or thematic lists of datasets. Searching by keywords or aerial extent is not possible. The National recommendation for Metadata of Geographic Information is under preparation and will replace the old JHS 137 Data Product Description (for generic data) and JHS 137A (for geographic data) (but it will not cover ISO 19131) Dublin core metadata standards for GI-discovery The national recommendation JHS137 is partly based on Dublin Core. It remains to be seen as to what role Dublin Core will have when renewing the directory services (of the NLS) Metadata implementation The NLS remains responsible to coordinate and implement the metadata. There are formalized update procedures for the metadata. This means that when a contributing organization or agency updates their dataset and/or metadata, the NLS is notified as to the changes. NLS staff makes the actual update entries. This is valid for the existing directory, but there is the expectation to use more towards ISO as Metadata, implementation specification. New system will be operational by Component 4: Network Services On-line access service for metadata: discovery services The present National Metadata service for Geographic Information, also known as the Geographic Dataset Directory is presented in detail in the MADAME report Comparative evaluation of on-line metadata services and user feedback Deliverable D2. The clearing house situation is described as being good, with an extensive content and providing access directly to data. The Geographic Dataset Directory has been in K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 39

43 public use since 1991 and accessible via the Internet since 1994, (MADAME, JC). The current URL is The system is planned to be modernized by The table on the next page provides information on the services which are considered to be part of the INSPIRE infrastructure. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 40

44 Service Services Organisation responsible National Land Survey National Land Survey National Land Survey University of Turku National Land Survey Geological Survey of Type of service 16 Metadata (N/Y/ISO) 17 Open for Public (Y/N) view N Y Y view, download N Y N discover N Y Y discover, view, download, transformation N Y Y discover N Y Y view N Y Y Helsinki City view N Y Y Vantaa City view N Y Y Tampere City view N Y Y Kokkola City discover, view N Y Y/N Jyväskylä City view N Y Y/N Co-operation (Varsinais- Suomi region) discover, view, archive N Y Y Free/Not free 18 (Y/N) 15 List the names/ids and where possible the link (URL) of all the discover, view, download, transformation and invoking services that are part of your infrastructure 16 Indicate the type (discover, view, download, transformation and invoking services) 17 Indicate whether the service has no metadata (N), or metadata according to ISO (ISO). 18 Whether or not the service is free for use. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 41

45 Espoo City view N Y Y/N GI services of the Environmental administration (under Finnish Environmental Institute discover, view, download (Y) Y/ Y K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 42

46 2.6.2 On-line access service data: download services is one of the countries where the development of the Information Society, and e- government services in particular are very important. The access network in can be looked at in terms of data policy and data services. The Finnish data services include their national data catalogue that has existed since 1992, although it has been suggested that it needs modernising. NLS has been maintaining an Internet Map service since 1995: the largest scale of the basic maps within the service is 1: and the maps are presented in raster form. There are two information services provided by the government agencies (Onsrud): Clearinghouse: There is no common GI clearinghouse in. There is a new pilot project called MapLibrary ( which works as a clearinghouse but only for testing purposes with limited data sets. Direct access exists for some databases of the NLS (additional services of Professional s MapSite). The NLS started the MapSite service with the aim to create an easy and effective way to distribute maps over the Internet. Users browse through the topographic maps in a seamless way by scrolling through a map, searching by location, place name, address coordinates. The clearinghouse has been extend from a pilot phase into an operational phase (200(- 2006). It is a new approach called the data lending service. The service can be considered as a library of data sets where various producers can deposit their data and from where registered users can search and lend data for testing, research and development for a limited period of time free of charge. The main idea behind the service is to balance between the different needs of the data users and producers. It aims to give a possibility for the data users to test even commercial data sets before purchase and to compare them with each other in practice. This way, it works as an extended metadata of each data set, giving the user a demo version of the data. Furthermore, it attempts to support research and education of geoinformatics by providing a very easy access to data sets. Moreover, the service aims to catalyze the development of new, innovative GI based services, as developers may select the best basis for their product development without yet worrying of data costs ( The data sets cover a geographically predefined test region of km2, allowing overlays, combinations and comparisons of the data sets. The secretariat of the service accepts data from all data providers and an agreement is made to deliver the data sets to registered users (Figure 1). The registration to the service is open and free of charge, but requires signing of the terms of data use. These state that the data sets may be used for a period of one year for the purposes defined by the user (research, education, testing, product development). Data providers have access to name lists of the users of their data. After the one year has expired, the user is asked to delete the files or extend the use for another year, which maintains him in the user list. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 43

47 Within the service, the user may look for interesting data sets in two ways: based on metadata searches or based on map services. Once an interesting data set is encountered, a registered user may download it. A download is registered to the users account and becomes visible also for the provider of this data. The metadata service allows the data discovery based on the core fields of ISO standard. The user may search for suitable data sets based for on the data provider, data format, geometry, geographical area or theme, for example. The data producers are also asked to provide their own, more detailed metadata descriptions to the service. In the future, this part should be replaced by the national metadata service. The map services allow viewing of the data sets and overlaying them visually already before download. The data sets are organised by data providers and user may click visible for example road networks of different data providers. At the moment, the map service has been developed as a centralised service using commercial software. Later on, at least some data visualisations could be retrieved from Web Map Services (WMS) of the data providers. The download option is linked to both discovery services. A download delivers the data set in ZIP file in a format as defined by the data provider. So far, 620 signed user agreement have been sent to the secretariat and number of individuals accessing the service daily is around 30. Some hundreds of downloads are made monthly Inter-linkages of on-line access services for metadata and data See section OpenSource software and access services Recently the Finnish environmental administration has published a new open data access policy. K.U.Leuven (SADL-ICRI) REGIO/G Lot2 44