HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT IN INDIA: TO
|
|
- Daniel Green
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT IN INDIA: TO (GROWTH, STRUCTURE AND PRIORITIES BY PROGRAMME AND BY SECTOR) K. N. REDDY V.SELVARAJU MARCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC FINANCE & POLICY 18/2, SATSANG V I HAR MARG SPECIAL INSTITUTIONAL AREA NEW DELHI
2 P r e f a c e T h e N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e of P ublic F i n a n c e and Policy is a n a u t o n o m o u s n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i s a t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d for c a r r y i n g o u t r e s e a r c h, u n d e r t a k i n g c o n s u l t a n c y work, and i m p a r t i n g t r a i n i n g in t h e f i e l d of p u b l i c f inance and p o l i c y. T h e p r e s e n t s t u d y is t h e o u t c o m e of r e s e a r c h c a r r i e d o u t in t h e Health Economics Cell, c r e a t e d at t h e I n s t i t u t e w i t h f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e f r o m Ford F o u n d a t i o n, in 1990, in o u r I n s t i t u t e. T h e s t u d y w a s s t a r t e d in 1991 and completed in K. N. R e d d y p l a n n e d t h e s t u d y a n d d r a f t e d the r e p o r t a s s i s t e d by V. Selvaraju, w h o a l s o p r o c e s s e d the data o n t h e c o m p u t e r. K. K. T r i p a t h y, S u j a J a y a r a m a n, H. K. A m a r n a t h a n d D e b j a n i G u p t a a l s o w e r e a s s o c i a t e d with the s t u d y a t d i f f e r e n t stages. T h e s t u d y brings out t h a t the h e a l t h c a r e expenditures by g o v e r n m e n t (Centre, S t a t e s and U n i o n T e r r i t o r y combined) in I n d i a r a n g e d f r o m 1 p e r c e n t to p e r cent of GDP d e p e n d i n g on the a m bit of t h e term " h e a l t h c a re" one chooses t o a d o p t. It t r a c e s t h e t r e n d s in g o v e r n m e n t ' s h e a l t h care e x p e n d i t u r e s from t o a n d e x a m i n e s their s t r u c t u r e by f u n c t i o n a l a n d e c o n o m i c c a t e g o r i e s. It is h o p e d t h a t t h e findings of t h i s study w i l l be of interest to p o l i c y m a k e r s a n d r e s e a r c h e r s in t h e f i e l d of h e a l t h e c o n o m i c s. T h e G o v e r n i n g B o d y of t h e I n s t i t u t e d o e s not take r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for t h e v i e w s e x p r e s s e d in t h i s report. That r e s p o n s i b i l i t y b e l o n g s to t h e D i r e c t o r a n d staff of the I n s t i t u t e a n d m o r e p a r t i c u l a r l y to t h e a u t h o r s of the r e p o r t. March, 1994 A. Bagchi Director
3 Acknowledgements We have r e c e i v e d c o o p e r a t i o n and h e l p from v a r i o u s p e r s o n s in g o v e r n m e n t and o t h e r offices. We t a k e t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y to a c k nowledge their help. Mr. K.K. Tripathy, Miss. Suja J a y a r a m a n, Mr. H.K. A m a r n a t h and Mrs. Debjani Gupta were in the p r o j e c t t e a m for v a r y i n g p e r i o d s a n d h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d g r e a t l y t o t h e c o l l e c t i o n, c o l l a t i o n and c o m p u t a t i o n of data. Dr. G.R. R e d d y and Mr. P r i t a m S i n g h of t h e F i n a n c e M i n i s t r y, G o v e r n m e n t of India e x p l a i n e d t h e m e t h o d o l o g y by w h i c h t h e c o m b i n e d e x p e n d i t u r e of t h e c e n t r a l, s t a t e a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s is e s t i m a t e d w i t h o u t d o u b l e c o u n t i n g. M i s s K. Sujata Rao, and o f f i c i a l s of C e n t r a l B u r e a u of H e a l t h Intelligence, M i n i s t r y of H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e, G o v e r n m e n t of India p r o v i d e d l atest p u b l i c a t i o n s of t h e M i n i s t r y f r o m time to time. Mr. G. K u m a r s w a m i R e d d y, S e c r e t a r y, Mrs. M. S. Sastry, J o i n t S e c r e t a r y, Dr. T. B a b u Rao, C o m m i s s i o n e r, Andhra P r a d e s h V a i d y a V i d h a n P a r i s h a d, Dr. P a r a v a t h e e s a m, Director of Health, Mr. M. S u r y a n a r a y a n a, D i r e c t o r of Health, Mr. M adhav Rao, Director, D i r e c t o r a t e of I n s u r a n c e, Mr. K o t e s w a r a Rao, E x e c u t i v e D i r e c t o r, N i z a m ' s I n s t i t u t e of M e d i c a l Sciences, G o v e r n m e n t of A n d h r a Pradesh, e x p l a i n e d t h e f u n c t i o n i n g of the h e a l t h c a r e s y s t e m at t h e s t a t e l e vel a n d the linkages b e t w e e n P l a n a n d n o n - P l a n e x p e n d i t u r e s. A p a r t of chapter t w o w a s p r e s e n t e d at a s e m i n a r o r g a n i s e d j o i n t l y by the W o r l d B a n k a n d t h e A l l I n d i a I n s t i t u t e of M e d i c a l Sciences in J a n u a r y, 1992 a n d h e l p f u l c o m m e n t s w e r e r e c e i v e d f r o m t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s, m o r e p a r t i c u l a r l y from Jose-Luis B o b a d i l l a of the W o r l d Bank. Dr. R a j a J. Chelliah, Chairman, N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e of P u b l i c
4 F i n a n c e a n d Policy, New Delhi, Dr. P. R. P a n c h a m u k h i, D i r e c t o r, C entre for M u l t i - D i s c i p linary Research, Dharwad, Mr. P. K. U m a s h a n k a r, former D i r e c t o r, I n d i a n I n s t i t u t e of P u b l i c A d m i n i s t r a t i on, New Delhi, Dr. Y.C.K. Yesudian, Tata I n s t i t u t e of Social Sciences, Bombay, made h e l p f u l comments o n t h e d r a f t s of the first c h a p t e r b r o u g h t o u t as w o r k i n g p a p e r s of t h e I n s t i t u t e u n d e r d i f f e r e n t t i t l e s some time a g o. Dr. A. Bagchi, Director, and Mr. S. K. Sanyal, C o n s u l t a n t of N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e of P u b l i c F i n a n c e and Policy, N e w Delhi and Dr. Peter Berman, A s s o c i a t e Professor o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l H e a l t h E c o n o m i c s, H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y, U.S.A. h a d g o n e through the d r a f t r eport and o f f e r e d useful c o m m e n t s. T o a l l t h e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d a n d o t h e r s - p a r t i c u l a r l y, Dr. R o b e r t J. B r e n t of F o r d h a m U n i v e r s i t y ( U S A ), V i s i t i n g F e l l o w, Dr. V. B. T u l a s i d h a r a n d Dr. J. V. M. S a r m a of N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e of Public F i n a n c e and Policy, N e w Delhi a n d Dr. D. N. Rao of Jawaharlal N e h r u U n i v e r s i t y - with whom w e h a d u s e f u l d i s c u s s i o n s on t h e subject, o u r g r a t e f u l t h a n k s a r e due. Mr. R. S. Tyagi, has d o n e a c o m m e n d a b l e j o b in word p r o c e s s i n g t h e report. We a p p r e c i a t e h i s s i n c e r i t y, skill, a n d p a t i e n c e in w o r d p r o c e s s i n g t h e n u m e r o u s d r a f t s we had p u t up. O u r thanks are due to him. L a s t, b u t by no m e ans least, t h a n k s a r e d u e to all t h o s e w h o o f f e r e d c o n s t r u c t i v e c r i t i c i s m in t h e s e m i n a r we g a v e o n t h e d r aft report in the N I P F P in May, N e e d l e s s to m e n t i o n t h a t f o r all t h e e r r o r s and o m i s s i o n s t h a t m a y r e m a i n in t h e report, r e s p o n s i b l e. iii w e a l o n e are (K.N. Reddy) (V. Selvaraju)
5 C o n t e n t s Page Number Preface A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s i ii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1. O b j e c t i v e s and Scope 2 2. Plan of the Study 2 CHAPTER 2 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT - 3 AN ESTIMATE 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n 3 2. M e a n i n g and D e f i n i t i o n of Health 3 Care E x p e n d i t u r e 3. R e v i e w of E s t i mates on H e a l t h Care 6 E x p e n d i t u r e 4. H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Government 7 5. H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Government - 14 An E s t i m a t e for CHAPTER 3 TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE BY THE 18 CENTRAL/ THE STATE AND THE UNION TERRITORY GOVERNMENTS COMBINED 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n Size and T rends S t r u c t u r e H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Economic 25 C a t e g o r i e s 5. H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by the Level of 26 G o v e r n m e n t 6. The R e l a t i o n s h i p Between Health Care 28 E x p e n d i t u r e by G o v e r n m e n t and GDP iv
6 Page Number CHAPTER INTER-STATE VARIATIONS IN HEALTH CARE 31 EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT 1. I n t roduction H e a l t h Care Expenditure by t h e S t a t e and 31 the U n ion Territory G o v e r n m e n t s : T r e n d s 3. Inter-State Variations in H e a l t h C a r e 34 Expenditure in Real T e r m s 4. R e l a t i onships Between Per C a p i t a H e a l t h 42 C a r e Expenditure and Per C a p i t a SDP CHAPTER i PLAN AND NON-PLAN EXPENDITURES IN HEALTH 59 CARE AND LINKAGES BETWEEN THEM 1. I n troduction M e a n i n g of Plan and N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e s L i n k a g e s Between Plan and N o n - P l a n 61 E x penditures CHAPTER > PRIORITIES IN HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE I n t r o d u c t i o n Classification by P r o g r a m m e a n d by S e c t o r H e a l t h Care Expenditure by P r o g r a m m e 69 and by Sector 4. H e a l t h Care Expenditure P r i o r i t i e s 76 a n d H e alth Status 5. S u g g e s t i o n s for R e p r i o r i t i z a t i o n 82 CHAPTER 7 MAIN FINDINGS AND ISSUES FOR 83 FURTHER RESEARCH 1. Introduction Size and Trends T r e n d s I n t e r - S t a t e Variations 86
7 5. Plan and N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e s and T h e i r Linkages A l l o c a t i o n of R e s o u r c e s by P r o g r a m m e A l l o c a t i o n of R e s o u r c e s by S e c t o r Impact of P r i o r i t i e s on H e a l t h S tatus I s sues for F u r t h e r R e s e a r c h 92 R e f e r e n c e s 233 vi
8 List of Tables in the Text T a b l e 2. T a b l e 2. T a b l e 2. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. T a b l e 3. H e alth Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Government in N ominal Terms: (Revenue and Capital A c c o u n t s Combined) H e alth Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Government in N o m i n a l T e r m s B a sed on Conventional D e f i n i t i o n ( R e v e n u e a n d C apital A c c o u n t s Combined) T r e n d s in Life E x p e c t a n c y at Birth and P e r c e n t a g e of P u b l i c E x p e n d i t u r e on H e a l t h C a r e i n G D P in S e l e c t e d D e v e l o p i n g C o u n t r i e s G r o w t h of " Plan I n v e s t m e n t Outlay" on H e a l t h, F a m i l y W e l f a r e a n d W a t e r S u p p l y in D i f f e r e n t P l a n P e r i o d s in P u b l i c S e c t o r i n N o m i n a l T e r m s (Centre, S t a t e s and U n i o n Territories) H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Government in N o m i n a l Terms: to Per C a p i t a H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by the G o v e r n m e n t in Real Terms: to S t r u c t u r e of H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s : to (the C e n t r a l, t h e S t a t e a n d t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s Combined) S t r u c t u r e of H e a l t h Care Expenditure b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t b y E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s in N o m i n a l Terms: to (the C e n t r a l, the State & t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s Combined) H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by Economic C a t e g o r i e s a n d by t h e M a j o r and the S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y S t a t e s : to H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e by the Level of G o v e r n m e n t by F u n c t i o n a l Categories to Page Number vii
9 T a b l e 3. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. T a b l e 4. R e l a t i o n s h i p Between Per C apita H e a l t h Care E x p e n d i t u r e and Per C apita G D P Per C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by t h e S t a t e and t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in Real Terms: to Per C a p i t a H ealth Care E x p e n d i t u r e () by the the S t a t e and t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in R e a l T e r m s and its R e l a t i v e R a n k i n g : to Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l a n d P u b l i c H e a l t h by t h e S t a t e a n d t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in R e a l T erms a n d its R e l a t i v e R a n k i n g : to Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on F a m i l y W e l f a r e by the S t a t e a n d t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in R e a l T e r m s and its R e l a t i v e R a n k i n g : t o Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on W a t e r S u p p l y and S a n i t a t i o n by t h e S t a t e a n d t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in R e a l Terms a n d its R e l a t i v e R a n k i n g : to Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on N u t r i t i o n by t h e S t a t e and t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in R e a l T e r m s a n d its R e l a t i v e Ranking: t o Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on C h i l d a n d H a n d i c a p p e d W e l f a r e by t h e S t a t e a n d t h e U n i o n T e r r i t o r y G o v e r n m e n t s in Real T e r m s and its R e l a t i v e R a n k i n g : to C o e f f i c i e n t of V a r i a t i o n in H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e A m o n g t h e M a j o r S t a t e s, the S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y S t a t e s a n d A l l the S t a t e s (In Per C a p i t a R e a l Terms) Per C a p i t a Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e a n d Per C a p i t a SDP in R e a l T e r m s Page N u mber viii
10 Page Number Table T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e.10 Income Elasticity of Health Care 46 Expenditure: to (Major States).11 Income E l a s t i c i t y of H e a l t h Care 46 E x p e n d i t u r e : to (All States).12 Income E l a s t i c i t y of H e a l t h Care 47 E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to Income E l a s t i c i t y of H e a l t h Care 48 E x p e n d i t u r e i n S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y States: t o Income E l a s t i c i t y of M e d i c a l and P ublic 49 H e a l t h E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to I ncome E l a s t i c i t y of M e d i c a l and P u b l i c 50 H e a l t h E x p e n d i t u r e in Special C a t e g o r y States: to I ncome E l a s t i c i t y of Family W e l f a r e 51 E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to I ncome E l a s t i c i t y of F amily W e l f a r e 52 E x p e n d i t u r e i n S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y States: t o I ncome E l a s t i c i t y of W a t e r S upply and 53 S a n i t a t i o n E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to I n c o m e E l a s t i c i t y of W a t e r S upply and 54 S a n i t a t i o n E x p e n d i t u r e in S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y States: to I n c o m e E l a s t i c i t y of N u t r i t i o n 55 E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to I n c o m e E l a s t i c i t y of N u t r i t i o n 56 E x p e n d i t u r e i n S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y States: to I n c o m e E l a s t i c i t y of C h i l d and H a n d i c a p p e d 57 W e l f a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in M a j o r States: to ix
11 Page Number Table T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e.23 I n c o m e E l a s t i c i t y of Child and H a n d i c a p p e d 58 W e l f a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in S p e c i a l C a t e g o r y States: to P e r C a p i t a Plan and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s 62 o n H e a l t h C a r e in R e a l T e r m s by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s : t o E l a s t i c i t y of Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s 64 w i t h r e s p e c t to Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s (All G o v e r n m e n t s Combined) by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s : to E l a s t i c i t y of Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e w i t h 64 r e s p e c t t o P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e s of A l l S t a t e s b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s : to E l a s t i c i t y of Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e w i t h 65 r e s p e c t t o P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e s of A l l S t a t e s by Economic Categories: t o E l a s t i c i t y of Health Care 67 E x p e n d i t u r e of All States w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e E x p e n d i t u r e o n E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : to E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, P u b l i c H e a l t h 70 a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e b y L e v e l o f G o v e r n m e n t.2 S t r u c t u r e of Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e 72 by P u r p o s e and by Level of G o v e r n m e n t : to P e r c e n t a g e Shares of Rural and U r b a n 75 S e c t o r s in H ealth Care E x p e n d i t u r e s by L e v e l of Government: D i s t r i b u t i o n of Resources A m o n g 77 C u r a t i v e, P r e v e n t i v e a n d O t h e r S e r v i c e s by S e c t o r s and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t : x
12 Page Number Table 6. T a b l e 6. T a b l e 6. R e s u l t s of R e l a t i o n s h i p Between Health 78 S t a t u s I n d i c a t o r L E B ( D e p e n d e n t V a r i a b l e ) and H e a l t h C a r e Services, V i z., D i r e c t i o n and A d m i n i s t r a t i o n, Curative, P r e v e n t i v e and M i s c e l l a n e o u s ( I n d e p e n d e n t Variables) R e s u l t s of R e l a t i o n s h i p B e t w e e n Health 80 S t a t u s I n d i c a t o r L E B ( D e p e n d e n t V a r i a b l e ) a n d H e a l t h C a r e Services, V i z., W a t e r S u p p l y and S a n i t a t i o n, N u t r i t i o n a n d C h i l d a n d H a n d i c a p p e d W e l f a r e (Independent Variables) R e s u l t s of R e l a t i o n s h i p B e t w e e n Health 81 S t a t u s I n d i c a t o r L E B ( D e p e n d e n t V a r i a b l e ) a n d H e a l t h C a r e Services, V i z., M e d i c a l, P u b l i c H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e, W a t e r S u p p l y a n d S a n i t a t i o n, N u t r i t i o n a n d C h i l d and H a n d i c a p p e d W e l f a r e ( I n d e p e n d e n t Variables) xi
13 List of Appendixes Page Number APPENDIX A Health C o n c e p t s U s e d in the S t u d y 95 APPENDIX B B a ses for A p p o r t i o n m e n t of H e a l t h 96 E x p e n d i t u r e s B e t w e e n Rural and U r ban S e c t o r s APPENDIX C Health S t a t u s a n d Its D e t e r m i n a n t s 101 xii
14 A P P E N D I X TABLES T r e n d s in D e a t h Rate, Birth Rate, Natural G r o w t h R a t e and Infant M o r t a l i t y Rate by R u r a l a n d Urban: T r e n d s in L i f e Expectancy at Birth: 1991 to 2001 D e p e n d e n t Population as P e r c e n t a g e of T o t a l Population: 1971 and 1981 H e a l t h S t a t u s Indicators by S t a t e s P r i c e D e f l a t o r s Used for the C o n v e r s i o n o f H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e f r o m N o m i n a l T e r m s (Current Prices) to Real T e r m s ( C o n s t a n t P r i c e s ) : to H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in Percentage) H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in P e r c e n t a g e ) H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in P e r c e n t a g e ) H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in P e r c e n t a g e ) H e a l t h C a r e Expenditure by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in P e r c e n t a g e ) P e r C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by l e v e l of G o v e rnment and by Functional C a t e g o r i e s in Current Prices: (in Rupees)
15 Page umber Per C a pita Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by level of Government a n d by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Rupees) Per C a p i t a Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Rupees) Per C a p i t a Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by level of G o v e r n m e n t and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Rupees) Per C a p i t a Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by level of G o v e r n m e n t a n d by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Rupees) S h a r e of Health C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in T o t a l G o v e r n m e n t E x p e n d i t u r e by Level o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in %) S h a r e of H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in T o t a l G o v e r n m e n t E x p e n d i t u r e by L e vel o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in %) S h a r e of H ealth C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in T o t a l G o v e r n m e n t E x p e n d i t u r e by L e vel o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in %) S h a r e of H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e in T o t a l G o v e r n m e n t E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in %) S h a r e of H e alth Care E x p e n d i t u r e in T o t a l G o v e r n m e n t E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l o f G o v e r n m e n t a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in %) xiv
16 Page N u m b e r TABLE A.21 Share of H e a l t h Care Expenditure in G D P / N S D P by Level of Government and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Percentage) TABLE A. 22 Share of H e a l t h Care E x p enditure in G D P / N S D P by Level of Government and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Percentage) TABLE A.23 Share of H e a l t h Care Expenditure in G D P / N S D P by Level of Government and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Percentage) TABLE A. 24 Share of H e a l t h Care Expenditure in G D P / N S D P by Level of G o v e rnment and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Percentage) TABLE A.25 Share of H e a l t h Care E x p enditure in G D P / N S D P by Level of Government and by F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C u r r e n t Prices: (in Percentage) TABLE A.26 TABLE A.27 TABLE A.28 TABLE A.29 TABLE A. 30 S hare of Functional Categories in H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) Share of Functional Categories in H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) Share of Functional Categories in H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) Share of Functional Categories in T o tal H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) Share of Functional Categories in T o t a l H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) XV
17 S h a r e of Functional C a t e gories in H e a l t h C a r e E x p e n d i t u r e by Level of G o v e r n m e n t in Current Prices (in Percentage) Per C a p i t a Health Care Expenditure by level of Governments and by Functional C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in Rupees) Per C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by level of Governments, and by Functional C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in Rupees) P e r C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by level of Governments and by F u n c tional C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in Rupees) Per C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by level of Governments and by Functional C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in Rupees) P e r C a p i t a Health Care E x p e n d i t u r e by l e vel of Governments and by Functional C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in Rupees) S h a r e of Plan and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s b y L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in %) S h a r e of Plan and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s b y L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in %) S h a r e of Plan and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s b y L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in %) S h a r e of Plan and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s b y L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in %) xvi
18 TABLE A.41 TABLE A.42 TABLE A.43 TABLE A.44 TABLE A.45 TABLE A.46 S h a r e of P l a n and Non-Plan E x p e n d i t u r e s b y L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s a n d b y F u n c t i o n a l C a t e g o r i e s in C o n s t a n t ( ) Prices: (in %) D i s t r i b u t i o n of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s a n d D i s p e n s a r i e s by E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : (in P e r c e n t a g e ) D i s t r i b u t i o n of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s and D i s p e n s a r i e s by E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : (in P e r c e n t a g e ) D i s t r i b u t i o n of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s a n d D i s p e n s a r i e s by E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : (in P e r c e n t a g e ) D i s t r i b u t i o n of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s a n d D i s p e n s a r i e s by E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : (in P e r c e n t a g e ) D i s t r i b u t i o n of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s a n d D i s p e n s a r i e s by E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s : (in P e r c e n t a g e ) Page N u m b e r TABLE A. 47 S h a r e of E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s in Plan a n d N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s and Dispensaries: (in Percentage) TABLE A. 48 S h a r e of E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s in Plan a n d N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s and Dispensaries: (in Percentage) TABLE A. 49 S h a r e of E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s in Plan a n d N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s and Dispensaries: (in Percentage) TABLE A. 50 S h a r e of E c o n o m i c C a t e g o r i e s in Plan a n d N o n - P l a n E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l R e l i e f in H o s p i t a l s and Dispensaries: (in Percentage) xvii
19 Page Number T A B L E U51 Share of E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, Public H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e b y Programmes and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Percentage) 193 TABLE 1.52 Share of E x p e n d i t u r e o n H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y Programmes and by L e v e l in C u r r e n t P r i c e s Percentage) M e d i c a l, Public W e l f a r e b y of G o v e r n m e n t s (in 197 TABLE V. 53 Share of E x p e n d i t u r e on H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y Programmes and by L e v e l in C u r r e n t P r i c e s Percentage) M e d i c a l, Public W e l f a r e b y of G o v e r n m e n t s (in 201 TABLE 1.54 Share of E x p e n d i t u r e on H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y P r o g r a m m e s and by L e v e l in C u r r e n t P r i c e s Percentage) Medical, P ublic W e l f a r e b y of G o v e r n m e n t s (in 205 TABLE Share of E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l, P u b l i c H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e b y Programmes and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Percentage) 209 TABLE V.56 Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, P u b l i c H e a l t h and F a m i l y W e 1 f a r e by P r o g r a m m e s and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Rupees) 213 TABLE i.57 Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, P u b l i c H e a l t h and F a m i l y W e l f a r e by P r o g r a m m e s and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Rupees) 217 TABLE 58 Per C a p i t a E x p e n d i t u r e on M e d i c a l, P u b l i c H e a l t h and F a m i l y W e l f a r e by P r o g r a m m e s and by L e v e l of G o v e r n m e n t s in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Rupees) 221 xviii
20 T A B L E TABLE.59 Per Capita E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, P u b l i c H e a l t h and F a m i l y W e l f a r e by P r o g r a m m e s and by Level of Governments in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Rupees).60 Per C apita E x p e n d i t u r e on Medical, P u b l i c H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e by P r o g r a m m e s and by L e vel of Governments in C u r r e n t P r i c e s (in Rupees) Page N u m b e r xix
21 C H A P T E R 1 INTRODUCTION " H e a l t h is w e a l t h " g o e s the a d a g e in India and it is r e l e v a n t for all c o u n t r i e s in the world. G o o d h e a l t h is an e s s e n t i a l r e q u i r e m e n t f o r t h e e n j o y m e n t of e v e r y a s p e c t of life. A c h r o n i c a l l y sick person, in spite of his high income a n d h i g h e d u c a t i o n, c a n n o t e n j o y h i s life a n d w o u l d c o n t r i b u t e v e r y little g o o d to the society. Perhaps for this r e a s o n, a l m o s t all t h e c o u n t r i e s in t h e w o r l d are s p e n d i n g s i z e a b l e r e s o u r c e s on h e a l t h care. I n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e s a c c o u n t f o r 12.2 p e r c e n t of G r o s s D o m e s t i c P r o d u c t (GDP)*. In t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m t h e y a c c o u n t for 6.1 p e r c e n t of GDP. In Canada, Germany, F rance and S w e d e n they a c c o u n t for 9.3 per cent, 8.6 per cent, 8.8 per cent and 8.6 p e r c e n t of G D P r e s p e c t i v e l y *. In China, R e p u b l i c of K o r e a a n d I n d o n e s i a t h e y a c c o u n t for 3.1 p e r cent, 6.4 p e r cent a n d 2. 5 p e r c e n t r e s p e c t i v e l y * *. In India, t h e y a r e e s t i m a t e d t o be in the r a n g e of 0.9 p e r c e n t to 9 p e r cent of G D P d e p e n d i n g on the e s t i m a t e one likes to put on faith. A s a r e s u l t no firm view is p o s s i b l e as to h o w m u c h is spent on h e a l t h care by government or by p r i v a t e sector or by both g o v e r n m e n t and private s e c t o r s t o g e t h e r in India. Similarly, l i t t l e is k n o w n about the p r i o r i t i e s in r e s o u r c e a l l o c a t i o n b y t h e g o v e r n m e n t in India. It is the e n d e a v o u r of this s t u d y t o fill these gaps to the e xtent possible. health expenditure (public and private sectors combined) as percentage of GDP for 1990 (Source: UNDP, Human Developlment Report, 1993, p. 193). Public health expenditure as percentage of GNP for (Source: UNDP, Human Development Report, 1993, pp ), See also Table
22 1. Objectives and Scope the study: B r i e f l y s p e a k i n g, the following are t h e o b j e c t i v e s of i. t o e s t i m a t e the size and c o m p o s i t i o n of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e by g o v e r n m e n t - n a m e l y, t h e c e n t r a l, t h e s t a t e a n d t h e u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s ; ii. t o e x a m i n e the trends in h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e f r o m to ; iii. t o p r e s e n t the i n t er-state v a r i a t i o n s in h e a l t h c a r e expenditure; iv. t o e x a m i n e the linkages between p l a n a n d n o n - p l a n e x p e n d i t u r e ; and v. t o s t u d y the p r i o r i t i e s in t h e a l l o c a t i o n of r e s o u r c e s among d i f f e r e n t h e a l t h c a t e g o r i e s a n d p r o g r a m m e s and by sectors. 2. Plan of the Study T h e s t u d y is divided into seven chapters. In t h e s e c o n d c h a p t e r c o n c e p t u a l a n d s t a t i s t i c a l p r o b l e m s f u n d a m e n t a l to t h e e s t i m a t i o n of t h e size of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e by g o v e r n m e n t a r e d i s c u s s e d. In t h e third, t r e n d s in h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e in nominal and real terms are e x a m i n e d. In t h e f o u r t h c h a p t e r i n t er-state v a r i a t i o n s in p e r c a p i t a h e a l t h e x p e n d i t u r e s are p r e s e n t e d and a n a l y s e d in r e l a t i o n to t h e r e s p e c t i v e s t a t e domestic products. T h e f i f t h c h a p t e r d i s c u s s e s l i n k a g e s b e t w e e n plan, n o n - p l a n e x p e n d i t u r e s by l e v e l o f g o v e r n m e n t. Priorities for h e a l t h c a r e a r e d e a l t w i t h in t h e s i x t h chapter. A n d in the s e v e n t h a n d f i n a l c h a p t e r t h e m a i n f i n d i n g s are s u m m a r i s e d a n d i s s u e s f o r f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h a r e outlined. 2
23 C H A P T E R 2 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE BY GOVERNMENT - AN ESTIMATE 1. Introduction In t h i s chapter, the size of health care e x p e n d i t u r e by t h e G o v e r n m e n t in India is estimated. In the second section, a s p e c t s r e l a t i n g to t h e m e a n i n g and d e f i n i t i o n of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e are d e a l t with. T h e t h i r d s e c t i o n r e v i e w s e s t i m a t e s m a d e s o f a r o n t h e s i z e of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e. N e x t m e t h o d o l o g y a n d c o n c e p t u a l p r o b l e m s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e e s t i m a t e s m a d e in t h i s s t u d y are d e s c r i b e d. Finally, b a s e d on the m e t h o d o l o g y described, the s i z e o f h e a l t h care e x p e n d i t u r e for is e s t i m a t e d and c o m p a r e d w i t h that Of o t her countries. 2. Meaning and Definition of Health Care Expenditure I t m a y be noted at the outset that there is no standard d e f i n i t i o n of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e. It v a r i e s w i t h the p u r p o s e o n h a n d a n d t h e m e a n i n g of h e a l t h o n e t a k e s into a c c o u n t. T h e W o r l d H e a l t h O r g a n i s a t i o n (WHO) d e f i n e s health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. B u t s u c h a d e f i n i t i o n is too wide and expects us to include a l l k i n d s of f i n a n c i n g that help p r o m o t e welfare. V i ctor R. F u c h s (1987) a well k n o w n h ealth economist, o p i n e d that there is no completely objective, invariant ordering across individuals or populations with respect to health. Health can be defined according to criteria such as life expectancy, capacity for work, need for medical care, or ability to perform a variety of personal and social functions. E c o n o m i s t s h a v e d e f i n e d it in t e r m s of life e x p e c t a n c y at b i r t h (LEB) or in terms of infant m o r t a l i t y rate (IMR) or in 3
24 t e r m s of c r u d e d e a t h rate (CDR). S o m e e c o n o m i s t s even v e n t u r e d t o t a k e into account m o r t a l i t y, m o r b i d i t y and h e a l t h r e l a t e d limitations s i m u l t a n e o u s l y by w e i g h i n g years of life a c c o r d i n g to illness and d i s a b i l i t y, w i t h o u t success h o w e v e r (Victor R. Fuchs, 1987). By a n d large, LEB has been r e c o g n i s e d as the indicator of h e a l t h status, and has been c o n s i d e r e d as the function of m e d i c a l care, income, education, sex, race, m a r i t a l status, e n v i r o n m e n t a l p o l l u t i o n and p e r s o n a l b e h a v i o u r s u c h as c i g a r e t t e s m o k i n g, diet, exercise, a n d so on (Guy Carrin, 1984). G i v e n t h e n u m e r o u s v a r i a b l e s i n f l u e n c i n g health, it b e c o m e s t o o d i f f i c u l t to define w h a t h e a l t h care s p e n d i n g is o r w h a t i t e m s c o n s t i t u t e h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e truly. H o w e v e r, f r o m t h e p o i n t of v i e w of a l l o c a t i n g r e s o u r c e s to h e a l t h c a r e in government, a v i e w h a s b e e n e m e r g i n g s l owly a b o u t w h a t t h o s e e x p e n d i t u r e s are, a l t h o u g h d i f f e r e n c e s s t i l l p e r s i s t a m o n g economists as to w h a t s h o u l d be included u n d e r t h e l a b e l h e a l t h expenditure. A c c o r d i n g to an expert on h e a l t h economics, "all those a c t i v i t i e s w i t h a p r i m a r y a n d s i g n i f i c a n t ( b u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y sole) purpose, being h e a l t h improvement, should be i n c l u d e d, w h i l e others m u s t be j u d g e d on t h e i r merits. F o r e x a m p l e, s p e n d i n g on rural h e a l t h c e n t r e s, s h o u l d be o b v i o u s l y included, but including p u b l i c h o u s i n g i n v estments p r o b a b l y c a s t s t h e net too wide. G e n e r a l f o o d s u b s i d i e s w o u l d n o t n o r m a l l y be listed e x p l i c i t l y as h e a l t h spending, b u t ' t a r g e t e d r e m e d i a l feeding p r o g r a m m e s ' c o u l d be. T o date, h e a l t h, f i n a n c i n g researchers in I n dia h a v e not dealt s y s t e m a t i c a l l y w i t h this issue" (Berman, Peter, 1988). A s f a r as w e a r e concerned, e x p e n d i t u r e s on m e d i c a l, p u b l i c h e a l t h ; f a m i l y welfare; w a t e r s u p p l y and sanitation; n u t r i t i o n ; a n d c h i l d and h a n d i c a p p e d w e l f a r e are h e a l t h care e x p e n d i t u r e s as t h e y directly i n f l u e n c e h e a l t h s t a t u s (LEB) in India. 4
25 U n f o r t u n a t e l y, i n f ormation as per the above d e f i n i t i o n is not r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e from government documents. W h a t e v e r is a v a i l a b l e is s u b j e c t to a n u m b e r of l i m i t a t i o n s. For e x a m p l e (a) t h e C e n t r a l S t a t i s t i c a l O r g a n i s a t i o n (CSO), G o v e r n m e n t of India has been publishing figures in National A c c o u n t s S t a t i s t i c s, u n d e r the headings of " e c o nomic p urpose c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of p u b l i c expenditure" and "private consumer e x p e n d i t u r e o n h e a l t h care". It excludes e x p e n d i t u r e on m e d i c a l e d u c a t i o n, w e l f a r e services, c o m m u n i t y s e r v ices, w a t e r supply, a n d so forth, w h i c h are mostly h e a l t h related, b u t a d d s t h e s a m e t o s o m e o t h e r f u n c t i o n a l h e a d s. C o n s e q u e n t l y, t h e f i g u r e s a r e a g r oss u n d e r s t a t e m e n t of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e. S i m i l a r l y, t h e O f f i c e of t h e C o m p t r o l l e r a n d A u d i t o r G e n e r a l of I n d i a (CAGO) h a s b e e n p u b l i s h i n g f i g u r e s in its p u b l i c a t i o n C o m b i n e d F i n a n c e and Revenue A ccount of Central a n d S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t s a n n u a l l y, by d i v i d i n g t h e h e a l t h s e c t o r i n t o (1) M e d i c a l ( m e d i c a l relief, m e d i c a l e d u c a t i o n a n d r e s e a r c h, h o s p i t a l s a n d d i s p e n s a r i e s, Employees' State I n s u r a n c e S c h e m e ( E S I S ), Central Government H o s p i t a l s Scheme (C G H S ), e t c. ) ; (2) P u b l i c H e a l t h ( c o m m u nicable d i s e a s e c o n t r o l, p r i m a r y h e a l t h care, w a t e r supply and s a n i t a t i o n, etc.), a n d (3) F a m i l y W e l f a r e (family planning, m a t e r n a l and c h i l d h e a l t h i m m u n i z a t i o n, e t c. ). But e x p e n d i t u r e on n u t r i t i o n, c o n t r o l of p o l l u t i o n, child and h a n d i c a p p e d w e l f a r e w h i c h a r e h e a l t h r e l a t e d are excluded a l t h o u g h they h e l p i m p r o v e h e a l t h s t a t u s c o n s i d e r a b l y. More i m p o r t a n t l y t h e s e f i g u r e s h a v e a lag of six or seven years and h e nce are n ot of m u c h h e l p f o r p o l i c y purposes. In t h e s a m e way, t h e D e p a r t m e n t of E c o n o m i c Affairs, M i n i s t r y o f F i n a n c e ( D E A M F ), G o v e r n m e n t of I n d i a has been p u b l i s h i n g d a t a o n (i) M e d i c a l, public health, s a n i t a t i o n a n d w a t e r s u p p l y ; (i i ) F a m i l y welfare, and (iii) S ocial s e c u r i t y a n d w e l f a r e in its I n d i a n Economic S t a t i s t i c s 5
26 b r o u g h t o u t a n n u a l l y, for the c e n t r a l, s t a t e and union t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s combined. T h e d a t a a r e e x t r emely u s e f u l in a r r i v i n g at the size of h e a l t h c a r e expenditure. B u t n o d e t a i l s a b o u t the c o m p o s i t i o n of e a c h of the items a r e a v a i l a b l e, nor are the b r e a k u p s a b o u t h e a l t h care e x p e n d i t u r e by i n d i v i d u a l s t a t e a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s a v a i l a b l e separately. T h e r e is no comparability of t h e f i g u r e s among the three s o u r c e s ; t h e d i f f e r e n c e s are o b s e r v e d t o be very wide. 3. Review of Estimates on Health Care Expenditure S o m e s t u d i e s h o w e v e r are a v a i l a b l e o n t h e estimates of h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e by p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e s e c t o r s put t o g e t h e r. T h e studies made by D u g g a l (1986), Foundation for R e s e a r c h in C o m m u n i t y H e a l t h (F R C H, 1987), I n d i a n Institute of M a n a g e m e n t (IIM, 1987), O p e r a t i o n s R e s e a r c h G r o u p (ORG, ), S u b b a R a o a n d R a v i s h a n k a r (1989) a n d W o r l d Bank (1993) a r e w o r t h m e n t i o n i n g. H e r e a g a i n, t h e r e is no c o m m o n a l i t y in t h e i r e s t i m a t e s a n d e a c h o n e of t h e m excludes o r i n c l u d e s o n e i t e m o r t h e o t h e r a n d t e n d s t o u n d e r s t a t e / o v e r s t a t e t h e size of h e a l t h c a r e expenditure. F o r example, D u g g a l (1986) h a s e x c l u d e d e x p e n d i t u r e on n u t r i t i o n a n d f a m i l y w e l f a r e a n d w a s v a g u e a b o u t t h e i n c l u s i o n of n o n - H e a l t h M i n i s t r y g o v e r n m e n t e x p e n d i t u r e s. F R C H e x c l u d e d e x p e n d i t u r e on n u t r i t i o n, w a t e r s u p p l y and s a n i t a t i o n a n d o t h e r n o n - H e a l t h M i n i s t r y p r o g r a m m e s. IIM e x c l u d e d n u t r i t i o n, w a t e r s u p p l y a n d s a n i t a t i o n, o t her n o n - H e a l t h M i n i s t r y p r o g r a m m e s a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s p e n d i n g. R a v i s h a n k a r excluded s p e n d i n g b y l o c a l g o v ernment a n d t h e o r g a n i s e d s e c t o r, but c o m b i n e d n u t r i t i o n, medical, p u b l i c h e a l t h, f a m i l y welfare, w a t e r s u p p l y a n d sanitation. O R G (1987) e x c l u d e d e x p e n d i t u r e on h e a l t h a n d h e a l t h related s c h e m e s s u c h as w a t e r supply, n u t r i t i o n, c h i l d welfare, p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l a n d h o s p i t a l s r u n b y t h e M i n i s t r y of D e f e n c e a n d R a i l w a y s at t h e c e n t r a l l e v e l a n d s o m e 6
27 e x p e n d i t u r e s r e l a t i n g to Employees' State Insurance Scheme at t h e state level. W o r l d Bank (1993) excluded water supply a n d s a n i t a t i o n and o t h e r n o n - health Ministry programmes and i n c l u d e d o u t l a y s for p r e v e n t i o n, p r o m o t i o n r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and c a r e p o p u l a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s nutrition activities program f o o d a i d a n d e m e r g e n c y a i d s p e c i f i c a l l y for health in g o v e r n m e n t. T h e a v a i l a b l e e s t i m a t e s on health care spending are not d e p e n d a b l e b e c a u s e s o m e m a j o r e x p e n d i t u r e s i n c u r r e d on h e a l t h by t h e M i n i s t r i e s / D e p a r t m e n t s, such as Railways, D e f e n c e, C o m m u n i c a t i o n s, Energy, and Labour, and so on, have b e e n excluded. A m o r e r e a l i s t i c estimate has to be made (a) by d e f i n i n g h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e in the m o s t a c c e p t a b l e f o r m, a n d (b) by i n c l u d i n g all t h o s e i t e m s that a r e g e n u i n e l y h e a l t h i m p r o v i n g. T h i s m u s t be d o n e at least for g o v e r n m e n t e x p e n d i t u r e, so that appropriate policies can be t h o u g h t of for g o v e r n m e n t a l intervention in providing health care. In w h a t f o l l o w s an a t t e m p t is made towards that. 4. Health Care Expenditure by Government H e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e here r e f e r s to the a mounts d e f r a y e d t o w a r d s h e a l t h care by the central, state and union t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s a n d e x c l u d e s e x p e n d i t u r e by local b o d i e s, p u b l i c s e c t o r e n t e r p r i s e s a n d a u t o n o m o u s a n d s e m i - a u t o n o m o u s i n s t i t u t i o n s. The spending by the latter are e x c l u d e d for w a n t of r e l i a b l e data. T o be s p e c i f i c, h e a l t h c a r e e x p e n d i t u r e by g o v e r n m e n t ( c e n t r a l, s t a t e a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s ) includes e x p e n d i t u r e s on (a) M e d i c a l a n d P u b l i c health, (b) F a m i l y w e l f a r e, (c) N u t r i t i o n, (d) W a t e r supply and Sanitation, and (e) S o c i a l s e c u r i t y a n d W e l f a r e in r e s p e c t of child and h a n d i c a p p e d care. 7
28 A t t h e c e n t r a l level these e x p e n d i t u r e s are spread over t w e l v e M i n i s t r i e s - (i) D e p a r t m e n t of H e a l t h & Family W elfare; (ii) M i n i s t r y of Human R e s o u r c e D e v e l o p m e n t ; (iii) D e p a r t m e n t o f W o m e n & Child D e v e l o p m e n t ; (iv) M i n i s t r y of Welfare; (v) M i n i s t r y of Food and Civil S u p p l i e s / D e p a r t m e n t of F o o d, M i n i s t r y of A g r i c u l t u r e / D e p a r t m e n t of R u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t ; (vi) M i n i s t r y of U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t / D e p a r t m e n t of U r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t a n d H o u s i n g ; (vii) M i n i s t r y of E n v i r o n m e n t a n d Forests; (viii) M i n i s t r y of R a i l w a y s ; (ix) M i n i s t r y o f C o m m u n i c a t i o n s ; (x) M i n i s t r y of E n e r g y / D e p a r t m e n t of Coal; (xi) M i n i s t r y of L a b o u r ; and (xii) M i n i s t r y o f D e f e n c e. A n d at t h e s t a t e s ' a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r i e s ' l e v e l they are s p r e a d o v e r t h r e e or four d e p a r t m e n t s - w i t h v a r i a t i o n s a c r o s s t h e s t a t e s and union t e r r i t o r i e s. A l l t h o s e e x p e n d i t u r e s, namely, education, e n v i r o n m e n t, p o v e r t y a l l e v i a t i o n, a n d so forth, w h i c h help i m p r o v e h e a l t h s t a t u s i n d i r e c t l y are e x c l u d e d, for the s i m p l e r e a s o n t h a t it is d i f f i c u l t to s a y w h i c h type of g o v e r n m e n t a l i n t e r v e n t i o n does not have a b e a r i n g on health s t a t u s i n d i r e c t l y. T h e m e t h o d o l o g y a d o p t e d w i t h r e g a r d to t h e e x p e n d i t u r e s u n d e r central, s t a t e a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s is d e s c r i b e d below. Central Government a. M e d i c a l and P ublic H e a l t h. At the c e n t r a l g o v e rnment l e v e l, e x p e n d i t u r e s on m e d i c a l a n d p u b l i c h e a l t h are i n c u r r e d n o t o n l y by the M i n i s t r y of H e a l t h a n d F a m i l y W e l f a r e, b u t a l s o by o t h e r M i n i s t r i e s - R a i l w a y s, Defence, C o m m u n i c a t i o n s, E n e r g y and L a b o u r - a n d u n i o n t e r r i t o r y g o v e r n m e n t s w i t h o u t legislatures - namely, A n d a m a n & N icobar I s l a n d s, C h a n d i g a r h, Dadra & N a g a r H a v e l i, D a m a n & Diu, D e l h i a n d L a k s h a d w e e p - w h o s e d e m a n d s f o r g r a n t s are p r e s e n t e d u n d e r the M i n i s t r y of H o m e A f f a i r s. 1 T h e Ministry 1. I t may be noted th a t the number o f union t e r r i t o r i e s w ithout l e g i s l a t u r e s were not the same for a l l the fiv e y e ars as some of them were converted into union t e r r i t o r i e s with l e g i s l a t u r e s and were roughly on par with s t a t e governments. A ty p ic a l example is th a t o f Pondicherry. 8
MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENTS Internal and Extra-Budgetary Resources Total. Support Internal ECBs/ Others Total IEBR Resources Bonds Suppliers EBR
I MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 2929.55 0.00 2929.55 Department of Agriculture 1950.00 0.00 1950.00 and Cooperation Department of Agricultural 629.55 0.00 629.55 Research & Education D/Animal Husbandry 300.00
More informationODISHA BUDGET ( ) AT A GLANCE
ODISHA BUDGET (2017-18) AT A GLANCE FINANCE DEPARTMENT CONTENTS Sl. Subject Page 1 Odisha Budget at a Glance 2017-18. 1-2 2 Annual Budget 2017-18 (Income & Outgo). 3 3 Odisha Budget 2017-18 in Brief.
More informationODISHA BUDGET ( ) AT A GLANCE
ODISHA BUDGET (2018-19) AT A GLANCE FINANCE DEPARTMENT Sl. No. CONTENTS Subject Page 1 Odisha Budget at a Glance 2018-19 1-2 2 Annual Budget 2018-19 (Income & Outgo) 3 3 Odisha Budget 2018-19 in Brief
More informationCHAPTER 5 PLAN OUTLAYS
Five Year Plan CHAPTER 5 PLAN OUTLAYS A&N Islands was given the status of a Union Territory on 1 st November, 1956. Till then it was a part D state and was borne on the Budget of the Union Home Ministry.
More informationNational Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP) Policy Coordination and Advisory Service
National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP) Policy Coordination and Advisory Service 1 BACKGROUND The advances made in the First Decade by far supersede the weaknesses. Yet, if all indicators were
More informationA STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA
ABSTRACT A STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA Human development by emphasizing on capability approach differs crucially from the traditional approaches
More informationBUILDING SOUND AND COMPARABLE METRICS FOR SDGS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE OECD DATA AND TOOLS FOR CITIES AND REGIONS
BUILDING SOUND AND COMPARABLE METRICS FOR SDGS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE OECD DATA AND TOOLS FOR CITIES AND REGIONS STATISTICAL CAPACITY BUILDING FOR MONITORING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp
More informationES103 Introduction to Econometrics
Anita Staneva May 16, ES103 2015Introduction to Econometrics.. Lecture 1 ES103 Introduction to Econometrics Lecture 1: Basic Data Handling and Anita Staneva Egypt Scholars Economic Society Outline Introduction
More informationThe System of Xiaokang Indicators: A Framework to Measure China's Progress
Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS020) p.6359 The System of Xiaokang Indicators: A Framework to Measure China's Progress Qingzhe Lv E-mail: lvqz@gj.stats.cn
More informationChild Budgeting. Child Budgeting
Child Budgeting 7.1.1 Taking a cue from existing works and gender budgeting initiatives, for the very first time, the Department had undertaken to draw up a statement of funds provisioning in the Union
More informationTHE ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL AT THE WORLD BANK
THE ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL AT THE WORLD BANK INSPIRE Conference Barcelona, Spain September 26, 2016 Kathrine Kelm Senior Land Administration Specialist Global Land and Geospatial Unit The World Bank Group
More informationMEANING AND MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT
MEANING AND MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT PROFESSOR RODDY FOX RODDY.FOX@HV.SE 1 Outcomes of this Module Demonstrate a reasoned understanding of spatial variations at the global scale of selected development
More informationEconomic Growth and Human Development: An Empirical Analysis of Major States of India During the Period to
Economic Affairs: 59(1): 11-21 March, 2014 DOI Number 10.5958/J.0976-4666.59.1.002 Economic Growth and Human Development: An Empirical Analysis of Major States of India During the Period 1993-94 to 2004-05
More informationContents. Set Theory. Functions and its Applications CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2. Preface... (v)
(vii) Preface... (v) CHAPTER 1 Set Theory Definition of Set... 1 Roster, Tabular or Enumeration Form... 1 Set builder Form... 2 Union of Set... 5 Intersection of Sets... 9 Distributive Laws of Unions and
More informationSt. Gallen, Switzerland, August 22-28, 2010
Session Number: First Poster Session Time: Monday, August 23, PM Paper Prepared for the 31st General Conference of The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth St. Gallen, Switzerland,
More informationAS Population Change Question spotting
AS Change Question spotting Changing rate of growth How the rate of growth has changed over the last 100 years Explain the reasons for these changes Describe global or national distribution. Study the
More informationMeasuring the Economic Impact of Tourism on Cities. Professor Bruce Prideaux James Cook University Australia
Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism on Cities Professor Bruce Prideaux James Cook University Australia Outline of Presentation Aim and scope Methodology Current range of indicators The way forward
More informationThe World Bank Telangana Rural Inclusive Growth Project (P143608)
Public Disclosure Authorized SOUTH ASIA India Agriculture Global Practice IBRD/IDA Specific Investment Loan FY 2015 Seq No: 3 ARCHIVED on 23-May-2016 ISR23574 Implementing Agencies: Society for Elimination
More informationUNIT 11 INTER STATE AND INTER DISTRICT IMBALANCES
UNIT 11 INTER STATE AND INTER DISTRICT IMBALANCES Inter State and Inter District Imbalances Structure 11.0 Objectives 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Conceptual Bases to Understand the Issues of Regional Imbalances
More informationMANAGEMENT OF URBAN IN-MIGRATION IN SOUTH AFRICA NUNGI SAMUEL MATABOGE
MANAGEMENT OF URBAN IN-MIGRATION IN SOUTH AFRICA BY NUNGI SAMUEL MATABOGE SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE: DOCTOR ADMINISTRA
More informationSummary prepared by Amie Gaye: UNDP Human Development Report Office
Contribution to Beyond Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Name of the indicator/method: The Human Development Index (HDI) Summary prepared by Amie Gaye: UNDP Human Development Report Office Date: August, 2011
More informationLOCATIONAL PREFERENCES OF FDI FIRMS IN TURKEY
LOCATIONAL PREFERENCES OF FDI FIRMS IN TURKEY Prof. Dr. Lale BERKÖZ Assist. Prof. Dr.S. SenceTÜRK I.T.U. Faculty of Architecture Istanbul/TURKEY E-mail: lberkoz@itu.edu.tr INTRODUCTION Foreign direct investment
More informationUnit 6: Development and Industrialization. Day 1: What is development?
Unit 6: Development and Industrialization Day 1: What is development? What is Development? The process of improving the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology More
More informationMeasuring Poverty. Introduction
Measuring Poverty Introduction To measure something, we need to provide answers to the following basic questions: 1. What are we going to measure? Poverty? So, what is poverty? 2. Who wants to measure
More informationLecture 9: Location Effects, Economic Geography and Regional Policy
Lecture 9: Location Effects, Economic Geography and Regional Policy G. Di Bartolomeo Index, EU-25 = 100 < 30 30-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 >= 125 Canarias (E) Guadeloupe Martinique RÈunion (F) (F) (F) Guyane
More informationDATABASE AND METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 3 DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY In the present chapter, sources of database used and methodology applied for the empirical analysis has been presented The whole chapter has been divided into three sections
More informationE C O N O M I C R E V I E W
UNDP NAMIBIA E C O N O M I C R E V I E W 2 0 0 7 1 Introduction 1 2 Overview of the Namibian Economy 2 2.1 Structure of the Economy 2 3 Economic Policy 5 4 Economic Trends 7 4.1 Primary Industry 7 4.2
More informationDoes Pleasing Export-Oriented Foreign Investors Help Your. Balance of Payments? A General Equilibrium Analysis. (Available on Request Appendix)
Does Pleasing Export-Oriented Foreign Investors Help Your Balance of Payments? A General Equilibrium Analysis (Available on Request Appendix) Derivation of the Excess Demand Equations, the IS Equation,
More informationThe World Bank India: Andhra Pradesh Rural Inclusive Growth Project (P152210)
Public Disclosure Authorized SOUTH ASIA India Agriculture Global Practice IBRD/IDA Investment Project Financing FY 2015 Seq No: 7 ARCHIVED on 08-Mar-2018 ISR31291 Implementing Agencies: Society for Elimination
More informationCOMPARISON OF THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN OIC COUNTRIES AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
COMPARISON OF THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN OIC COUNTRIES AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD Ali Changi Ashtiani (M. A.) achashtian i@ya hoo.com Hadi Ghaffari (PhD) COMPARISON OF THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
More informationCHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 1 Where Is the World s Population Distributed? p
CHAPTER 2: KEY ISSUE 1 Where Is the World s Population Distributed? p. 45-49 Always keep your vocabulary packet out whenever you take notes. As the term comes up in the text, add to your examples for the
More informationMINISTRY OF POWER O/O CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM
MINISTRY OF POWER O/O CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM NEW DELHI-110066 (Rs. In Crores) Statement of Receipts and Disbursements/Cash Flow for the year 2014-15 Head/Item Actuals up to COPPY
More informationESTIMATE THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS OF VARIABLES SPL. REFERENCE TO FERTILITY
ESTIMATE THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS OF VARIABLES SPL. REFERENCE TO FERTILITY *Poonam Kumari, # Dr. Mukesh Joshi Research Scholar, Dept. of Mathematics, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya HOD Department
More informationCountry Report.
Country Report www.statsfiji.gov.fj Communication and Advocacy for Agriculture and Rural Statistics 27 June -01 July, 2016, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Outline Brief Introduction National Statistical System
More informationMINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM
MINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM NEW DELHI-110066 Statement of Receipts and Disbursements/Cash Flow for the year 2017-18 Head/Item Actuals up to COPPY % Variation
More informationC/W Qu: How is development measured? 13/6/12 Aim: To understand how development is typically measured/classified and the pros/cons of these
C/W Qu: How is development measured? 13/6/12 Aim: To understand how development is typically measured/classified and the pros/cons of these Starter: Comment on this image Did you spot these? Rubbish truck
More informationA User s Guide to the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers
A User s Guide to the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers Mark Roberts Professor of Economics and Director PSU FSRDC September 2016 M. Roberts () RDC User s Guide September 2016 1 / 14 Outline Introduction
More informationIndicators of sustainable development: framework and methodologies CSD Indicators of sustainable development 1996
Indicators of sustainable development: framework and methodologies CSD Indicators of sustainable development 1996 Keywords: mountain areas, mountain development, natural resources management, sustainable
More informationPublished by the Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland.
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office Published by the Stationery Office, Dublin, Ireland. Available from the: Central Statistics Office, Information Section, Skehard Road, Cork October
More informationRESTRUCTURING PAPER ON A PROPOSED PROJECT RESTRUCTURING LK WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT APPROVED ON JUNE 24, 2015
Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank REPORT NO.: RES33110 Public Disclosure Authorized RESTRUCTURING PAPER ON A PROPOSED PROJECT RESTRUCTURING OF Public Disclosure Authorized LK WATER SUPPLY AND
More informationBRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS SECTORAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MARKET PRICES (current prices) (US$M)
SECTORAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MARKET PRICES (current prices) Sector 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000r 2001r 2002r 2003r 2004r 2005e Agriculture, Hunting & Forestry 1.36 1.50 1.63 1.77
More informationMINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM
MINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM NEW DELHI-110066 Statement of Receipts and Disbursements/Cash Flow for the year 2017-18 Head/Item Actuals up to COPPY % Variation
More informationNCAVES - Global initiative and national pilots
NCAVES - Global initiative and national pilots Kavita Sharma UN Environment Pretoria, March 2018 Outline 1. Global initiative > Introduction > Objectives and deliverables >Activities in 2017 and 2018 2.
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: May 20, 2016
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: May 20, 2016 The FRBNY Staff Nowcast for GDP growth in 2016:Q2 is 1.7%, half a percentage point higher than last week. Positive news came from manufacturing and housing data
More informationThe Index of Human Insecurity
The Index of Human Insecurity A Project of the Global Environmental Change and Human Security Program (GECHS) Steve Lonergan, Kent Gustavson, and Brian Carter Department of Geography University of Victoria
More informationCHAPTER 3 POPULATION AND CULTURE SECTION 1: THE STUDY OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 3 POPULATION AND CULTURE SECTION 1: THE STUDY OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY THE STUDY OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Human geography includes many topics Language Religion Customs Economics Political Systems One particular
More informationVII APPROACHES IN SELECTING A CORE SET OF INDICATORS
HANDBOOK ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS LIVELIHOOD AND WELL-BEING VII APPROACHES IN SELECTING A CORE SET OF INDICATORS VII.1 Introduction In Chapters III to VI of this Handbook, and in associated annexes, numerous
More informationUNCTAD Single-year Expert Meeting on Tourism s Contribution to Sustainable Development
UNCTAD Single-year Expert Meeting on Tourism s Contribution to Sustainable Development Geneva, Palais des Nations, Salle XXVI, 14-15 March 2013 Zoritsa Urosevic Head, Institutional & Corporate Relations,
More informationLecture 2 Differences and Commonalities among Developing Countries
Lecture 2 Differences and Commonalities among Developing Countries Lecture Outline I-Defining the developing world: Indicators of development A-GDP per capita: nominal, real, PPP B-Human Development Index
More informationPoverty statistics in Mongolia
HIGH-LEVEL SEMINAR ON HARMONISATION OF POVERTY STATISTICS IN CIS COUNTRIES SOCHI (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) Poverty statistics in Mongolia Oyunchimeg Dandar Director Population and Social Statistics Department,
More informationTopic 4: Changing cities
Topic 4: Changing cities Overview of urban patterns and processes 4.1 Urbanisation is a global process a. Contrasting trends in urbanisation over the last 50 years in different parts of the world (developed,
More informationAnalysis of travel-to-work patterns and the identification and classification of REDZs
Analysis of travel-to-work patterns and the identification and classification of REDZs Dr David Meredith, Teagasc, Spatial Analysis Unit, Rural Economy Development Programme, Ashtown, Dublin 15. david.meredith@teagasc.ie
More information22 cities with at least 10 million people See map for cities with red dots
22 cities with at least 10 million people See map for cities with red dots Seven of these are in LDC s, more in future Fastest growing, high natural increase rates, loss of farming jobs and resulting migration
More informationHuman Resources in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh- Prospects of Development in the Region
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 Volume 3 Issue 2 ǁ February. 2014ǁ PP.47-55 Human Resources in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh-
More informationPopulation Trend of Urban India
Population Trend of Urban India Arun Keshav 1 and J.B.Komaraiah 2 Abstract This paper tries to draw attention on the increasing urbanisation trend in India. It tries to highlight that though presently,
More informationAPPLICATION OF THE COUNTRY PRODUCT DUMMY METHOD TO CONSTRUCT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PRICE INDICES FOR SRI LANKA
APPLICATION OF THE COUNTRY PRODUCT DUMMY METHOD TO CONSTRUCT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PRICE INDICES FOR SRI LANKA Sri Lanka Journal of Economic Research Volume 2 (1) June 2014: 38-52 Sri Lanka Forum of University
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: August 17, 2018
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: August 17, 2018 The New York Fed Staff Nowcast for 2018:Q3 stands at 2.4%. News from this week s data releases decreased the nowcast for 2018:Q3 by 0.2 percentage point. Negative
More informationMINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM
MINISTRY OF POWER O/O CHIEF CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM NEW DELHI-110066 (Rs. In Crores) Statement of Receipts and Disbursements/Cash Flow for the year 2015-16 Head/Item Actuals up to
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.625, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 11, December 2014
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON BRICS COUNTRIES N.GURUVEERA KUMAR* P.KONDAIAH** PROF. D.KRISHNAMOORTHY*** *Academic Consultant, Dept. of Econometrics, S. V. University, Tirupati, A.P., India
More informationThe international patterns of spatial planning system and choice of China. Cai yumei China land use planning and surveying institute (China, beijing)
FIG Working Week, Rome, Italy 6 10 May 2012 The international patterns of spatial system and choice of China Cai yumei China land use and surveying institute (China, beijing) Outline Background Problem
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: April 15, 2016
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: April 15, 2016 GDP growth prospects remain moderate for the rst half of the year: the nowcasts stand at 0.8% for 2016:Q1 and 1.2% for 2016:Q2. News from this week's data releases
More informationStatistics and Data Analysis
Statistics and Data Analysis Professor William Greene Phone: 212.998.0876 Office: KMC 7-90 Home page: http://people.stern.nyu.edu/wgreene Email: wgreene@stern.nyu.edu Course web page: http://people.stern.nyu.edu/wgreene/statistics/outline.htm
More informationMigration and Urban Decay
Migration and Urban Decay Asian Experiences Shekhar Mukherji RAWAT PUBLICATIONS Jaipur New Delhi Bangalore Mumbai Contents Preface List of Tables List of Figures ix xv xix Introduction 1 Very Crucial Urban
More information2nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (ICBEDC 2008)
Aspects of Housing Development Analysis of the Impacts of Social & Economic Issues on Housing Physical Indicators (Case Study: The! nd District of Tehran) M. S. Shokouhi 1 and Toofan Jafari 2 1 Student
More informationFINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UTTAR PRADESH DURING TENTH PLAN
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UTTAR PRADESH DURING TENTH PLAN Sl. Tenth Plan - 2002-07 Projected Annual Plan - 2002-03 Annual Plan - 2003-04 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. I Agriculture & Allied Activities 1. Crop
More informationSecretary for Gender, Child & Community Development
Ministry of Gender, Child & Community Development Vote Number: 320 Controlling Officer: 1. Overview 1.1 Mission To Promote and protect women and children using community based and welfare approaches 1.2
More informationThe TransPacific agreement A good thing for VietNam?
The TransPacific agreement A good thing for VietNam? Jean Louis Brillet, France For presentation at the LINK 2014 Conference New York, 22nd 24th October, 2014 Advertisement!!! The model uses EViews The
More informationNordic Council of Ministers Grant Programme for Nordic-Baltic Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) Cooperation 2019 Estonia.
Nordic Council of Ministers Grant Programme for Nordic-Baltic Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) Cooperation 2019 Estonia Automatically saved at 15:54 Basic info Step 1 Project Step 2 Partners Step 3
More informationPresentation by Thangavel Palanivel Senior Strategic Advisor and Chief Economist UNDP Regional Bureau for Asia-Pacific
Presentation by Thangavel Palanivel Senior Strategic Advisor and Chief Economist UNDP Regional Bureau for Asia-Pacific The High-Level Euro-Asia Regional Meeting on Improving Cooperation on Transit, Trade
More informationPublic Disclosure Copy. Implementation Status & Results Report India: ICDS Systems Strengthening & Nutrition Improvement Program (ISSNIP) (P121731)
Public Disclosure Authorized SOUTH ASIA India Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice IBRD/IDA Adaptable Program Loan FY 2013 Seq No: 5 ARCHIVED on 14-Apr-2015 ISR17478 Implementing Agencies:
More informationOperational Definitions of Urban, Rural and Urban Agglomeration for Monitoring Human Settlements
Operational Definitions of Urban, Rural and Urban Agglomeration for Monitoring Human Settlements By Markandey Rai United Nations Human Settlements Programme PO Box-30030 Nairobi, Kenya Abstract The United
More informationMINISTRY OF POWER O/O CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM
MINISTRY OF POWER O/O CONTROLLER OF ACCOUNTS SEWA BHAWAN, RK PURAM NEW DELHI-110066 (Rs. In Crores) Statement of Receipts and Disbursements/Cash Flow for the year 2014-15 Head/Item Actuals up to COPPY
More informationTogether towards a Sustainable Urban Agenda
Together towards a Sustainable Urban Agenda The City We (Youth) Want Preliminary findings from youth consultations Areas Issue Papers Policy Units 1.Social Cohesion and Equity - Livable Cities 2.Urban
More informationPRIMA. Planning for Retailing in Metropolitan Areas
PRIMA Planning for Retailing in Metropolitan Areas Metropolitan Dimension to sustainable retailing futures Metropolitan strategies Retailing in city and town centres will be a primary component of any
More informationKey Indicators for Territorial Cohesion and Spatial Planning in Preparing Territorial Development Strategies
ESPON Evidence in a North European Context Challenges and Opportunities for Territorial Development and Cohesion in a North European Macro Region, 10-11 April, 2014, Vilnius, Lithuania Key Indicators for
More informationAPPENDIX A. Guangzhou weather data from 30/08/2011 to 04/09/2011 i) Guangzhou Weather Data: Day 242 (30/08/2011) Diffuse Solar Radiation (W/m2)
APPENDIX A Guangzhou weather data from 30/08/2011 to 04/09/2011 i) Guangzhou Weather Data: Day 242 (30/08/201 Rariation(W/m2) (W/m2) (oc) Relative Humidity (%) (o) 30/08/2011 08:00 166.00 74.00 0.1000
More informationModern Urban and Regional Economics
Modern Urban and Regional Economics SECOND EDITION Philip McCann OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents List of figures List of tables Introduction xii xiv xvii Part I Urban and Regional Economic Models and
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: May 5, 2017
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: May 5, 217 The FRBNY Staff Nowcast stands at 1.8% for 217:Q2. News from this week s data releases reduced the nowcast for Q2 by percentage point. Negative surprises from the
More informationNMRDSS (Nigerian Mineral Resources Decision Support System)
NMRDSS (Nigerian Mineral Resources Decision Support System) AJAY YADAV 1, YYYYYYY 2 1 Technical Specialist, RMSI Private Limited 2 Position in the Org, Name of Organization A-8 Sector 16, Noida 201 301,
More informationSCHOOLING FOR LIFE FOUNDATION FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE MONTH OF
SCHOOLING FOR LIFE FOUNDATION FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2014 TO JUNE 2015 SCHOOLING FOR LIFE FOUNDATION CONTENTS: PAGE GENERAL INFORMATION 3 REPORT ON THE ACCOUNT DEPT. 4 FINANCIAL STATEMENT
More informationSouth and South-West Asia LLDCs
International support measures to South and South-West Asia LLDCs Nagesh Kumar Director, ESCAP South and South West Asia Office And ESCAP Chief Economist ESCAP/OHRLLS/ECE/Government / / of Lao PDR Final
More informationDEFRA FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT AND MODELLING COMPETITION
DEFRA FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT AND MODELLING COMPETITION Why are we holding a competition on this topic? Recurrent flooding in the UK over recent years has catalysed a range of interesting academic work spanning
More informationREVIEWER S APPENDIX for: Why Isn t the Doha Development Agenda More Poverty Friendly? *
Revised, March 21, 2008 REVIEWER S APPENDIX for: Why Isn t the Doha Development Agenda More Poverty Friendly? * by Thomas W. Hertel** and Roman Keeney Purdue University, Maros Ivanic, GOIC, Doha and L.
More informationHuman development is a well-being concept with its core being the capability
www. epratrust.com Impact Factor : 0.998 p- ISSN : 2349-0187 e-issn : 2347-9671 January 2015 Vol - 3 Issue- 1 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN ASSAM- A DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS Bishweshwar Bhattacharjee 1 1 Ph.D. Research
More informationINTELLIGENT CITIES AND A NEW ECONOMIC STORY CASES FOR HOUSING DUNCAN MACLENNAN UNIVERSITIES OF GLASGOW AND ST ANDREWS
INTELLIGENT CITIES AND A NEW ECONOMIC STORY CASES FOR HOUSING DUNCAN MACLENNAN UNIVERSITIES OF GLASGOW AND ST ANDREWS THREE POLICY PARADOXES 16-11-08 1. GROWING FISCAL IMBALANCE 1. All orders of government
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: September 7, 2018
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: September 7, 2018 The New York Fed Staff Nowcast stands at 2.2% for 2018:Q3 and 2.8% for 2018:Q4. News from this week s data releases increased the nowcast for 2018:Q3 by 0.2
More informationNorth Dakota Lignite Energy Industry's Contribution to the State Economy for 2002 and Projected for 2003
AAE 03002 March 2003 North Dakota Lignite Energy Industry's Contribution to the State Economy for 2002 and Projected for 2003 Randal C. Coon and F. Larry Leistritz * This report provides estimates of the
More information(quantitative or categorical variables) Numerical descriptions of center, variability, position (quantitative variables)
3. Descriptive Statistics Describing data with tables and graphs (quantitative or categorical variables) Numerical descriptions of center, variability, position (quantitative variables) Bivariate descriptions
More informationNorth Dakota Lignite Energy Industry s Contribution to the State Economy
Agricultural Economics Miscellaneous Report No. 186 May 2000 North Dakota Lignite Energy Industry s Contribution to the State Economy Randal C. Coon, and F. Larry Leistritz* Department of Agricultural
More informationWORLD COUNCIL ON CITY DATA
WORLD COUNCIL ON CITY DATA WCCD ISO 37120 STANDARDIZED CITY DATA TO MEET UN SDG TARGETS UN WORLD DATA FORUM Presented by: James Patava www.dataforcities.org @wccitydata PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST ISO STANDARD
More informationLand Use of the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Mathematical Models in Planning Urban Parks & Green Spaces
Land Use of the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Mathematical Models in Planning Urban Key words: SUMMARY TS 37 Spatial Development Infrastructure Linkages with Urban Planning and Infrastructure
More informationKENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS Workshop on
KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS Workshop on Capacity Building in Environment Statistics: the Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (FDES 2013) Coordination with Sector Ministries
More informationNOWCASTING REPORT. Updated: September 14, 2018
NOWCASTING REPORT Updated: September 14, 2018 The New York Fed Staff Nowcast stands at 2.2% for 2018:Q3 and 2.8% for 2018:Q4. This week s data releases left the nowcast for both quarters broadly unchanged.
More informationUrban-Rural Partnerships in Europe
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this document are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments
More informationConcept note. High-Level Seminar: Accelerating Sustainable Energy for All in Landlocked Developing Countries through Innovative Partnerships
Concept note High-Level Seminar: Accelerating Sustainable Energy for All in Landlocked Developing Countries through Innovative Partnerships Date: 24 and 25 October 2016 Venue: Conference Room C3, Vienna
More informationOne Economist s Perspective on Some Important Estimation Issues
One Economist s Perspective on Some Important Estimation Issues Jere R. Behrman W.R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Economics & Sociology University of Pennsylvania SRCD Seattle Preconference on Interventions
More informationThe context: the challenges of a newly carved state deprived of its former capital and inheriting a highly unbalanced economy
BUILDING A PARTICIPATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR DECENTRALISED DEVELOPMENT IN THE "NEW ANDHRA PRADESH" Authors Nirbhay Sen, Bangaru Raju, Guru Prasad, Anne Chappuis GMIS 1, Sanjay Gupta APSDPS & VMU, Government
More informationMicroeconomic Theory -1- Introduction
Microeconomic Theory -- Introduction. Introduction. Profit maximizing firm with monopoly power 6 3. General results on maximizing with two variables 8 4. Model of a private ownership economy 5. Consumer
More informationSTATUS OF PROJECTS IN EXECUTION FY09 SOPE
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized STATUS OF PROJECTS IN EXECUTION FY09 SOPE COUNTRY: MALAWI Operations Policy and Country
More informationPublic Disclosure Copy
Public Disclosure Authorized AFRICA Congo, Democratic Republic of Health, Nutrition & Population Global Practice IBRD/IDA Investment Project Financing FY 2015 Seq No: 6 ARCHIVED on 25-Oct-2017 ISR29688
More information