Prentice Hall World Studies 2005, 8 Book Series Correlated to: New York Social Studies Core Curriculum: The Eastern Hemisphere (Grade 6)

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1 New York Social Studies Core Curriculum: The Eastern Hemisphere (Grade 6) Grade 6: The Eastern Hemisphere The grade 6 social studies program emphasizes the interdependence of all people, keying on the Eastern Hemisphere. Many of the lessons and activities for this grade level draw on specific examples of nations and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere chosen by the district. It is highly recommended that lessons also compare and contrast this specific information with similar data from the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The grade 6 program focuses on a social science perspective emphasizing the interaction of geography and economics. The core disciplines of geography and economics are used to develop and draw relationships and understandings about social/cultural, political, and historic aspects of life in the Eastern Hemisphere. Historical insights are used as a means of developing a total perspective rather than an organizing framework. The focus should be on major turning points that segue into the 7th-grade social history of the United States. Each district has a responsibility for extending the student s content examples from cultures other than the student s own, and from a variety of geographic, socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial groups. Grade 6 Content Understandings History of Eastern Hemisphere nations Time can be measured in years, decades, centuries, and millennia. SE/TE: Timelines, SE/TE: Timelines, 80 SE/TE: Timelines, 180 SE/TE: Using Timelines, 14 15; Timelines, 78, , 199, 213, 237 SE/TE: Timelines, 47, 87 1

2 Key turning points and events in the histories of Eastern Hemisphere nations can be organized into different historical time periods. The study of Eastern Hemisphere nations should include countries from each continent. SE/TE: Timelines, 52 53; Using Cause and Effect, 104; Recognize Causes and Effects, 110; Use Signal Words, 118; Understand Sequence, 200; Recognize Words That Signal Sequence, 208 SE/TE: Identifying Cause and Effect, 66 67; Timelines, 80; Test-Taking Tips, 93; Sequence, 120; Understand Sequence, 122; Recognize Signal Words, 130; Cause and Effect, 170; Identify Causes and Effects, 184; Understand Effects, 190; Recognize Multiple Causes, 195; Understand Effects, 200; Recognize Cause-and-Effect Signal Words, 208 SE/TE: Timelines, 180; also see: From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, 45 54; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; Imperial Russia to the Soviet Union, 62 69; Set a Purpose for Reading, 10; Predict, 17; Preview and Ask Questions, 26 SE/TE: Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Using Timelines, 14 15; Identify Cause and Effect, 30, 66, 164, 242; Finding Sequence, 66, 202; Timelines, 78, , 199, 213, 237; Using Cause and Effect, 106; Using Sequence, 208; Test-Taking Tips, 243 TE: Sequence, SE/TE: Timelines, 47, 87; Identifying Cause and Effect, 68 69; Cause and Effect, 88; Identify Causes and Effects, 90; Making an Outline, 98 99; Understand Effects, 100; Recognize Cause and Effect Signal Words, 108; Sequence, 116; Recognize Sequence Signal Words, 118; Identify Sequence, 126 2

3 Different peoples may view the same event or issue from different perspectives. SE/TE: Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; Distinguishing Fact and Opinion, 116; ; Analyzing Primary Sources, 206 SE/TE: Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; ; Recognizing Bias, SE/TE: Target Reading Skill, 8 9, 10 16, 17 23, 26 32, 33 34, 35, 36 44, 45 54, 55 59, 62 69, 70 77, 84 90, 91 97, , , , , , ; Skills for Life, 60 61, 98 99, SE/TE: Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; Critical Thinking: Evaluate Information, 129, 134, 200, 228 TE: Identify frame of reference/point of view, 49; Use reliable information, 112; Distinguish between fact and opinion, 123; Analyze primary sources, 161; Recognize bias and propaganda, 198 SE/TE: Using Reliable Information, 42 43; Distinguishing Fact and Opinion, ; Target Reading Skills, 8, 10, 18, 26, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 52, 60, 62, 70, 78, 88, 90, 100, 108, 116, 118, 126, 133, 140; Literature: Of Swords and Sorcerers, The Neolithic Revolution was a technological development that radically changed the nature of human society. SE/TE: n Beginnings, SE/TE: Prehistory, 16 21; Focus on Hunter- Gatherers,

4 As the river civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and the Indus Valley) turned to agriculture, world populations grew. (Focus on two of these.) SE/TE: Egypt: A Nation on the Nile, SE/TE: South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, SE/TE: The Fertile Crescent, 32 33; Land Between Two Rivers, 34 39; The of the Nile, 70 75; The Indus and Ganges River Valleys, ; The of China s River Valleys, Across time, technological innovations have had both positive and negative effects on people, places, and regions. For example, the invention of writing made more complex civilizations and more advanced technologies possible. SE/TE: Farming, 14, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 30, 38, 39, 66, 67, 69, 95, 99, 113, 115, 121, 137, 151, 170, 173; Irrigation, 14, 19, 66, 113, 146, 147; Technology, 36, 37, 51, 54, 69, 72; Astrolabe, 51; Lateen Sail, 51; Shipping, 151; Writing systems, 167 SE/TE: Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Technology, 81, 88, 204; Printing Press, 79; Transportation, 88, 125, 148, 150 SE/TE: Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; Eyewitness Technology, 66, 103 SE/TE: Natural resources and civilizations, 6; Writing Systems, 11 12, 34, 49 51, 93 94, 102, 141, 153, 162, 170, 171; Copper, 10, 27, 88; Focus On Farming in Mesopotamia, 41; Technology, 85, 112, , 221, 222; Silk, 160 SE/TE: Greek fire, 10; Aqueducts, 11; Farming, 37, 71, on chinampas, 73, 80, 81, 84, 93; Metalworking, 41; Mining, 45, 49; Architecture, 50, Churches of Lalibela, 54, Machu Picchu, 62, 64, Mounds, 78, 79, 80, 81, Multi story pueblos, 81, 82, tipis, 83, Taj Mahal, 112, cathedrals, 126, 127; Bridges, 66; Irrigation, 82, 93; Gunpowder, 95; Silk, 94; Moveable type, books, 95 TE: Industrial Revolution, 188g 4

5 Across time, technological innovations have had both positive and negative effects on people, places, and regions. For example, the invention of writing made more complex civilizations and more advanced technologies possible. Civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere (China, India, Greece, and Rome) are explored through the arts and sciences, key documents, and other important artifacts. SE/TE: Eyewitness Technology, 46, 130; Interacting with Environment, 13; Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, ; People s Effect on the Environment, ; Map Master, 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 29, 32, 38, 42, 44, 53, 56, 61, 62, 69, 73, 77, 86, 98, 100, 110, 115, 124, 134; Video Link: Discovery Channel Video: Migration; The Natural Resources of an Island Nation SE/TE: Links to Art, 100; Links to Language Arts, 138, 167; Literature, ; Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; Distinguishing Fact and Opinion, 116; ; Analyzing Primary Sources, 206 SE/TE: Links to Art, 213, 232; Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; ; Recognizing Bias, SE/TE: Links to Language Arts, 174; Target Reading Skill, 8 9, 10 16, 17 23, 26 32, 33 34, 35, 36 44, 45 54, 55 59, 62 69, 70 77, 84 90, 91 97, , , , , , ; Skills for Life, 60 61, 98 99, SE/TE: Links to Art: Han Dynasty Bronze Work, 154, Painting Their Lives, 184; Links to Language Arts: Common Roots, 119, The Latin Language, 227, Sign of the Fish, 230; Reading Informational Texts, RW1; Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions, RW1; Critical Thinking: Evaluate Information, 129, 134, 200, 228 TE: Identify frame of reference/point of view, 49; Use reliable information, 112; Distinguish between fact and opinion, 123; Analyze primary sources, 161; Recognize bias and propaganda, 198 5

6 Civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere (China, India, Greece, and Rome) are explored through the arts and sciences, key documents, and other important artifacts. Religions and other belief systems (animism, ancestor worship, Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam) have both united and divided the peoples of the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: Links to Art, 49; Links to Language Arts, 93; Using Reliable Information, 42 43; Distinguishing Fact and Opinion, ; Target Reading Skills, 8, 10, 18, 26, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44, 52, 60, 62, 70, 78, 88, 90, 100, 108, 116, 118, 126, 133, 140; Literature: Of Swords and Sorcerers, SE/TE: Ethiopia: Religious Roots, ; Christianity, 43, 46, 94, 111, 140, 144; Islam, 46, 94, 80, 110, 111, 103, 168; Judaism, 168 SE/TE: Buddhism, 76, 77, 82, 86, 95, 96, 98, 123; Islam, 95, 99, 105, 121, 123, 199, 200, 203, 205, 209; Hinduism, 95, 96, 98, 101, 102, 121, 122, 123; Israel: Economics and Cultures, ; Christianity, 106, 121, 123 SE/TE: From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, 45 54; The Cultures of, SE/TE: Judaism, 60 64; Egyptian Religion, 82 89; Hinduism in Ancient India, ; The Beginnings of Buddhism, ; Confucius and His Teachings, ; Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, SE/TE: Christianity, 13, 14, 22, 27, 53, 54, 104, 105, 119, , 141; Islam, 15, 18 23, 27 28, 29, 30, 46, 52, 110, 112, 134; Judaism, 22; Hinduism, 109, 110, 112; Buddhism, 105 SE/TE: Religions, 95, 98, 100, 101, 110 TE: Religion in daily life, 98 6

7 The civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere have contributed important ideas, beliefs, and traditions to the history of humankind. SE/TE: : Shaped by Its History, 35; n Beginnings, 36 41; Kingdoms, City States, and Empires, 42 49; European Conquest of, 50 56; Independence and Its Challenges, 57 65; Today, 66 72; Cultures of, 76 77; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, SE/TE: East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; SE/TE: South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, SE/TE: From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, 45 54; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; Imperial Russia to the Soviet Union, 62 69; The European Union, 70 77; The Cultures of Western Europe, 84 90; The Cultures of Eastern Europe, 91 97; The Cultures of the Russian Federation, ; Links to Government, 155; Links to Language Arts, 174; Links Across the World, 183 SE/TE: The Beginnings of Human Society, 8 9; The Beginnings of Civilizations, 24 28; Egyptian Religion, 82 89; Ancient Egyptian Culture, 90 97; The Cultures of Nubia, ; Hinduism in Ancient India, ; The Beginnings of Buddhism, ; Confucius and His Teachings, ; Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts, ; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Roman Daily Life,

8 The civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere have contributed important ideas, beliefs, and traditions to the history of humankind. From earliest times, networks of trade have connected the various civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: The Beginnings of Islam, 18 23; The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization, 24 30; West n Kingdoms, 44 51; Cultures of Middle America, 70 75; Cultures of North America, 78 84; Golden Ages of China, 90 97; The Church and the Rise of Cities, SE/TE: Earth s Human, 58 89; Cultures of the World, ; Earth s Human, 58 59; Population, 60 66; Why People Migrate, 67 73; Cultures of the World, 90 91; What Is Culture? 92 95; Social Groups, Language, and Religion, ; Cultural Change, ; Review and Activities, SE/TE: Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Trade, 82, 104, 156, 186, 198, 239, 240; Immigrants, , 137, 159, 198 SE/TE: Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; The European Union, SE/TE: Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 8

9 Individuals and groups in the Eastern Hemisphere have played important roles and made important contributions to world history. SE/TE: : Shaped by Its History, 35; n Beginnings, 36 41; Kingdoms, City States, and Empires, 42 49; European Conquest of, 50 56; Independence and Its Challenges, 57 65; Today, 66 72; Cultures of, 76 77; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, SE/TE: East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, SE/TE: From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, 45 54; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; Imperial Russia to the Soviet Union, 62 69; The European Union, 70 77; The Cultures of Western Europe, 84 90; The Cultures of Eastern Europe, 91 97; The Cultures of the Russian Federation, ; Links to Government, 155; Links to Language Arts, 174; Links Across the World, 183 SE/TE: The Beginnings of Human Society, 8 9; The Beginnings of Civilizations, 24 28; Egyptian Religion, 82 89; Ancient Egyptian Culture, 90 97; The Cultures of Nubia, ; Hinduism in Ancient India, ; The Beginnings of Buddhism, ; Confucius and His Teachings, ; Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts, ; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Roman Daily Life,

10 Individuals and groups in the Eastern Hemisphere have played important roles and made important contributions to world history. SE/TE: The Beginnings of Islam, 18 23; The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization, 24 30; West n Kingdoms, 44 51; Cultures of Middle America, 70 75; Cultures of North America, 78 84; Golden Ages of China, 90 97; The Church and the Rise of Cities, SE/TE: Earth s Human, 58 89; Cultures of the World, ; Earth s Human, 58 59; Population, 60 66; Why People Migrate, 67 73; Cultures of the World, 90 91; What Is Culture? 92 95; Social Groups, Language, and Religion, ; Cultural Change, ; Review and Activities, Slavery has existed across eras and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: Slave Trade, 50, 52 54, 98, 132; Sierra Leone, 134 TE: Slave Trade, 126f SE/TE: Slavery, 28, 91, , 228, 286 TE: Slavery, 184 SE/TE: Slavery, 7, 49, 183, Internal and external factors altered civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere and eventually contributed to their decline. SE/TE: Kingdoms, City States, and Empires, 42 49; European Conquest of, SE/TE: East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History,

11 Internal and external factors altered civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere and eventually contributed to their decline. SE/TE: From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, 45 54; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; Imperial Russia to the Soviet Union, SE/TE: Babylonia and Assyria, 42 46; The Legacy of Mesopotamia, 47 51; Mediterranean Civilizations, 52 57; The Rulers of Egypt, 76 81; The Cultures of Nubia, ; The Maurya Empire, ; Warring Kingdoms Unite, ; Achievements of Ancient China, ; Sparta and Athens, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, ; The Fall of Rome, SE/TE: Byzantine and Muslim Civilizations, 8 9; The Byzantine Empire, 10 17; The Beginnings of Islam, 18 23; SE/TE: The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization, 24 30; West n Kingdoms, 44 51; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; South America and the Incas, 62 67; Civilizations of Asia, 88 89; Golden Ages of China, 90 97; Medieval Japan, ; The Great Mughal Empire in India,

12 During the late Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, new long distance trade routes emerged, linking the peoples of, Asia, and Europe. SE/TE: Kingdoms, City States, and Empires, 45 49; European Conquest of, SE/TE: West n Kingdoms, 44 51; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; South America and the Incas, SE/TE: East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, SE/TE: Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, In Europe, the Renaissance was marked by major achievements in literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture. SE/TE: Renaissance and the Age of Revolution, SE/TE: Europe in the Middle Ages, ; The Church and the Rise of Cities, The crime of genocide crosses cultures and eras. Jews and other groups experienced devastation at the hands of Nazi Germany. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Industrial Revolution and Nationalism,

13 of Eastern Hemisphere nations The use of various grids, symbols, and notations makes it possible to locate specific places and indicate distance and direction in the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: The Five Themes of, 10 15; The Geographer s Tools, 16 22; Latitude, 30 32, 41, 42, 171, 172; Longitude, 29 TE: Trimetrogon method, 8f SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 TE: Use cartographer s tools, 29 SE/TE: Reading Route Maps, 84 85; Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Using Route Maps, 96 97; Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 13

14 Special purpose maps can be used to show various geographic aspects of Earth s surface as seen in the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: The Five Themes of, 10 15; The Geographer s Tools, SE/TE: Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 TE: Special Purpose Maps, 40 SE/TE: Reading Route Maps, 84 85; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Using Route Maps, 96 97; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 SE/TE: Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17 The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be studied using maps, globes, aerial and other photographs, satelliteproduced images, and models. (Taken from: National Standards, 1994). SE/TE: The Five Themes of, 10 15; The Geographer s Tools, 16 22; Latitude, 30 32, 41, 42, 171, 172; Longitude, 29; Map Master, 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 29, 32, 38, 42, 44, 53, 56, 61, 62, 69, 73, 77, 86, 98, 100, 110, 115, 124, 134 TE: Trimetrogon method, 8f SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17; Map Master, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 17, 21, 27, 29, 32, 35, 40, 43, 47, 55, 60, 74, 77, 82, 102, 105, 112, 120, 124, 127, 139, 145, 153, 156, 159, 169, 174, 180, 184, 191, 203, 211, 214 TE: Use cartographer s tools, 29; Special Purpose Maps, 40 14

15 The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be studied using maps, globes, aerial and other photographs, satelliteproduced images, and models. (Taken from: National Standards, 1994). SE/TE: Reading Route Maps, 84 85; Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17; Map Master, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 29, 31, 32, 36, 38, 40, 45, 46, 47, 50, 53, 55, 56, 59, 63, 74, 77, 89, 92, 95, 97, 104, 118, 121, 124, 136, 143, 168, 171, 187, 193, 197, 202, 211, 216, 219, 244 SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17; Map Master, 9, 12, 18, 21, 22, 27, 30, 37, 40, 59, 63, 72, 77, 83, 86, 92, 94, 101, 108, 124, 134, 140, 147, 155, 156 SE/TE: Using Route Maps, 96 97; Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17; Map Master, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 19, 30, 33, 35, 43, 53, 55, 63, 66, 69, 79, 100, 104, 107, 109, 124, 130, 134, 137, 154, 159, 164, 167, 192, 198, 202, 209, 211, 232, 238, 242 SE/TE: Understanding Globes, M4 M5; Map Projections, M6 M7; How To Use Map, M8 M9; Political Maps, M10; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps, M12 M13; Human Migration, M14 M15; World Land Use, M16 M17; Map Master, 9, 27, 32, 35, 37, 39, 61, 63, 80, 86, 89, 92, 101, 111, 114, 117, 119, 130,

16 The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be analyzed in terms of spatial organization, places and regions, physical settings (including natural resources), human systems, and environment and society. SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, 11, 22, 23; Congo River, 13,14; Land and Water, 10 15; Sahara Desert, 20, 21, 36, 81, 118; Climate and Vegetation, 16 25; Tropical savanna, 20, 84; Resources and Land Use, 26 30; Huntergatherers, 37; n Beginnings, 36 41; Flooding, 39; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, ; Egypt: A Nation on the Nile, ; Algeria: Varied, Varied History, ; Mali: Desert Living, ; Tanzania: Determined to Succeed, ; Mount Kenya, 179; Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Wealth of Possibilities, TE: Use cartographer s tools, 29; Special Purpose Maps, 40 SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, M1, 47, 59, 166; Human Migration, M14 15; Volcanoes, 11, 54, 56, 64, 69, 71; Aral Sea, 46, 48; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; Industry, 149, 151, , 156, 164, 186, 192, 194, 196; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, ; The Koreas: A Divided Land, 162; Urban areas, 185; India: In the Midst of Change, ; Israel: Economics and Cultures, ; Saudi Arabia: Oil and Islam, ; The Stans: A Diverse Region, SE/TE: Five Themes of, M1; Natural barriers and civilizations, 5; Natural resources and civilizations, 6; and History, 10 13; Human-environment interaction, 18, 154; Land Between Two Rivers, 35 36; The of the Nile, 70 75; Himalaya mountains, 108, 109; Rivers in India, 109, 110; Great Wall of China, 136, 152, 154, 156; The of China s River Valleys, ; and ancient communities,

17 The nations and regions of the Eastern Hemisphere can be analyzed in terms of spatial organization, places and regions, physical settings (including natural resources), human systems, and environment and society. A region is an area which is tied together for some identifiable reason, such as physical, political, economic, or cultural features. TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, Floods, 8f, 141; Aswan High Dam, 68h; Nile River and Egypt, 74 SE/TE: Aqueducts, 11; Farming, 37, 71, on chinampas, 73, 80, 81, 84, 93; Metalworking, 41; Mining, 45, 49; Terrace farming, 66; Slash and burn farming, 72; Natural resources, 79; Irrigation, 82, 93; Economics, feudalism, 103, , 127, guilds, 131 SE/TE: Earth s Human, 58 89; Cultures of the World, ; Earth s Human, 58 59; Population, 60 66; Why People Migrate, 67 73; Cultures of the World, 90 91; What Is Culture? 92 95; Social Groups, Language, and Religion, ; Cultural Change, ; Review and Activities, SE/TE: : Shaped by Its History, 35; n Beginnings, 36 41; Kingdoms, City States, and Empires, 42 49; European Conquest of, 50 56; Independence and Its Challenges, 57 65; Today, 66 72; Cultures of, 76 77; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, SE/TE: East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change,

18 A region is an area which is tied together for some identifiable reason, such as physical, political, economic, or cultural features. SE/TE: : Physical, 8 9; Land and Water, 10 16; Climate and Vegetation, 17 23; The European Union, 70 77; The Cultures of Western Europe, 84 90; The Cultures of Eastern Europe, 91 97; The Cultures of the Russian Federation, ; France: Cultural Heritage and Diversity, ; Italy: Northern and Southern Divisions, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: The Beginnings of Human Society, 8 9; The Beginnings of Civilizations, 24 28; Egyptian Religion, 82 89; Ancient Egyptian Culture, 90 97; The Cultures of Nubia, ; Hinduism in Ancient India, ; The Beginnings of Buddhism, ; Confucius and His Teachings, ; Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts, ; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Roman Daily Life, SE/TE: The Beginnings of Islam, 18 23; The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization, 24 30; West n Kingdoms, 44 51; Cultures of Middle America, 70 75; Cultures of North America, 78 84; Golden Ages of China, 90 97; The Church and the Rise of Cities, Civilizations developed where geographic conditions were most favorable. SE/TE: Great Rift Valley, 12; Human-environment interaction, 11, 22, 23; Congo River, 13,14; Land and Water, 10 15; Sahara Desert, 20, 21, 36, 81, 118; Climate and Vegetation, 16 25; Tropical savanna, 20, 84; Resources and Land Use, 26 30; Hunter-gatherers, 37; n Beginnings, 36 41; Flooding, 39; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, ; Egypt: A Nation on the Nile, ; Algeria: Varied, Varied History, ; Mali: Desert Living, ; Tanzania: Determined to Succeed, ; Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Wealth of Possibilities,

19 Civilizations developed where geographic conditions were most favorable. SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; Huang River, 9, 11, 17, 26, 27; Himalayas, 11, 28, 30, 31; Natural Resources and Land Use, 18 24; Ganges, 32; Indus, 32; Euphrates, 37, 104; Tigris, 37, 104; Great Wall of China, 79; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, ; The Koreas: A Divided Land, ; India: In the Midst of Change, ; Israel: Economics and Cultures, ; Saudi Arabia: Oil and Islam, ; The Stans: A Diverse Region, ; Australia: A Pacific Rim Country, SE/TE: : Physical, 8 9; Land and Water, 10 16; Climate and Vegetation, 17 23; Resources and Land Use, SE/TE: Five Themes of, M1; Natural barriers and civilizations, 5; Natural resources and civilizations, 6; and History, 10 13; Human-environment interaction, 18, 154;, 35 36, 70 75, , ; Rivers in India, 109, 110; Himalaya mountains, 108, 109; Rivers in China, ; and ancient communities, 169 TE: Agriculture, M16; Floods, 8f, 141; Nile River and Egypt, 74; Aswan High Dam, 68h; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: and the Bantu, 36 41; also see: East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Hunter gatherers, 79, 82; Mississippi river, 63; Transportation, roads, 65, 66, 81, 97, horses, 83, silk road, 89, 90, Grand Canal, 92, compass, 95, Viking ships, 121, better ships, maps, 137; A Sailor s Life at Sea,

20 Geographic features and climatic conditions in the Eastern Hemisphere influence land use. SE/TE: : Physical, 8 9; Land and Water, 10 15; Climate and Vegetation, 16 25; Resources and Land Use, 26 30; Review and Assessment, SE/TE: Climate, 15, 16 17, 56 57, 64, 71, 190; Deserts, 35, 36, 37, 38, 45, 269; East Asia: Physical : Land and Water, 10 13, Climate and Vegetation, 14 17; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Physical, 28 29; South Asia, Physical, 30 34; Southwest Asia, Physical, 35 41; Central Asia, Physical, 42 48; Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region: Physical, 52 53; Southeast Asia: Physical, 54 60; Australia and New Zealand: Physical, 61 65; The Pacific Islands: Physical, 66 72; Physical Maps, M11; Special Purpose Maps: Climate, M12 SE/TE: : Physical, 8 9; Land and Water, 10 16; Climate and Vegetation, 17 23; Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Review and Assessment, 33 34; Standardized Test Prep, 35 SE/TE: Natural barriers and civilizations, 5; and History, 10 13; Land Between Two Rivers, 34 39; The of the Nile, 70 75; The Indus and Ganges River Valleys, ; The of China s River Valleys, ; Climate of China, 137, 139; Climate of India, The geographic diversity of the Eastern Hemisphere has significantly influenced physical mobility and the course of human development. SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; n Beginnings, 36 41; Bantu migrations, 40 41; European Conquest of, 50 56; Cultural diffusion, 82, 83, 93; Urbanization, 87, 98, 113; Mali: Desert Living, ; Ethiopia: Religious Roots, ; Migration, 179 SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; Immigrants, , 137, 159,

21 The geographic diversity of the Eastern Hemisphere has significantly influenced physical mobility and the course of human development. SE/TE: Using Route Maps, ; From Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, 36 44; Links Across the World, 183 SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; Five Themes of, M1; Natural barriers and civilizations, 5; Migration, 9, 110, 112; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 75, 97, 98, 102, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; of Ancient China, ; Warring Kingdoms Unite, ; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, SE/TE: and the Bantu, 36 41; also see: East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Hunter gatherers, 79, 82; Mississippi river, 63; Transportation, roads, 65, 66, 81, 97, horses, 83, silk road, 89, 90, Grand Canal, 92, compass, 95, Viking ships, 121, better ships, maps, 137; A Sailor s Life at Sea, The migration of groups of people has led to cultural diffusion because people carry their ideas and ways of life with them when they move from one place to another. SE/TE: Cultures of the World, 90 91; What Is Culture? 92 95; Social Groups, Language, and Religion, ; Cultural Change, SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; Migration, 9, 110, 112; Bronze, 27, 75, 79, 98, 154, 155; The Beginnings of Civilizations, 24 28; Babylonia and Assyria, 42 46; Mediterranean Civilizations, 52 57; Judaism, 60 64; Egyptian Religion, 82 89; Hinduism in ancient India, ; The Beginnings of Buddhism, ; The Maurya Empire, ; Confucius and His Teachings, ; Warring Kingdoms Unite, ; Achievements of Ancient China, ; Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts, ; The Fall of Rome, ; Links Across the World: A King With One God, 84; Links to Art, Han Dynasty Bronze Work, 154; Painting Their Lives, 184; Links to Language Arts, Common Roots, 119; 21

22 The migration of groups of people has led to cultural diffusion because people carry their ideas and ways of life with them when they move from one place to another. SE/TE: The Fall of Rome, ; Links Across the World: A King With One God, 84; Links to Art, Han Dynasty Bronze Work, 154; Painting Their Lives, 184; Links to Language Arts, Common Roots, 119; The Latin Language, 227; Sign of the Fish, 230; Greek Influence on Rome, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, SE/TE: The Great Temple, 20 21; Bedouin Life, 24 25; Links to Art, 49; Timbuktu, 50 51; Cultures of Middle America, 70 75; Cultures of North America, 78 84; Links to Language Arts, 93; A Japanese Home, ; A Medieval Manor, ; Literature: Of Swords and Sorcerers, ; A Sailor s Life at Sea, ; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Arrival of Europeans, 83; The Crusades, SE/TE: Human Migration, M14 15; Buddhism, 76, 77, 82, 86, 95, 96, 98, 123; Historic Traditions, 78 83; People and Cultures, 86 90; Islam, 95, 99, 105, 121, 123, 199, 200, 203, 205, 209; Hinduism, 95, 96, 98, 101, 102, 121, 122, 123; Trade, 82, 104, 156, 186, 198, 239, 240; Immigrants, , 137, 159, 198; East Asia: Cultures and History, 76 77; People and Cultures, 86 90; South, Southwest, and Central Asia: Cultures and History, 94 95; South Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southwest Asia, Cultures and History, ; Central Asia, Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; Southeast Asia: Cultures and History, ; The Pacific Region: Cultures and History, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, ; India: In the Midst of Change, ; Israel: Economics and Cultures, ; Saudi Arabia: Oil and Islam,

23 The migration of groups of people has led to cultural diffusion because people carry their ideas and ways of life with them when they move from one place to another. SE/TE: The Renaissance and Reformation, ; Conquests in the Americas and, ; Architecture, Versailles, 172; Art, 154, 155, 156, 157, 171, 180; Religion, 157, Protestants, 158, 159, 160, 174, Catholicism, 158, 159, 160, 174, 175, Christianity, 158, 176; Lutherans, 159; Jesuits, 160; Judaism, 175; Aztec religion, 180; Trade, 155, 163, 176, 183 SE/TE: Cultures of, 76 77; The Cultures of North, 78 83; The Cultures of West, 84 91; The Cultures of East, 92 96; The Cultures of Southern and Central, Overpopulation and widespread poverty threaten the political stability of some nations in the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Urbanization, 87, 98; Urban areas, 85, 170, ; Population density, 112, 120, 211 SE/TE: Urban areas, 185; Population density, 12, 13, 271 SE/TE: Growth of Cities, SE/TE: Slash and burn farming, 72; Cities, growth of, 131 SE/TE: Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, TE: Urbanization, 58g SE/TE: Urbanization, 87, 98; Urban areas, 85, 170, ; Population density, 112, 120,

24 Urbanization has been a characteristic of the civilizations and cultures of the Eastern Hemisphere. SE/TE: Urban areas, 185; Population density, 12, 13, 271 SE/TE: Growth of Cities, SE/TE: Slash and burn farming, 72; Cities, growth of, 131 The environment is affected by people as they interact with it. SE/TE: Eyewitness Technology, 46, 130; Interacting with Environment, 13; Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, ; People s Effect on the Environment, SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, 11, 22, 23; Resources and Land Use, 26 30; Egypt: A Nation on the Nile, ; Algeria: Varied, Varied History, ; Mali: Desert Living, ; Tanzania: Determined to Succeed, ; Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Wealth of Possibilities, SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, M1, 47, 59, 166; Human Migration, M14 15; Natural Resources and Land Use, 18 24; Environmental Disasters, 48; Historic Traditions, 78 83; Industry, 149, 151, , 156, 164, 186, 192, 194, 196; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, ; Urban areas, 185; Saudi Arabia: Oil and Islam, ; Environmental Issues, SE/TE: Farming in Mesopotamia, 40; The Pyramid Builder, 88; Mohenjo-Daro, 114; Eyewitness Technology: The Great Pyramid, 85; The Roman Aqueduct, 221; and History, 10 13; Land Between Two Rivers, 34 39; The of the Nile,

25 The environment is affected by people as they interact with it. The effects of geographic conditions are moderated by technology. SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32, 33 34; Eyewitness Technology, 66, 103; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, SE/TE: Eyewitness Technology, 46, 130; Interacting with Environment, 13; Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, ; People s Effect on the Environment, SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, 11, 22, 23; Resources and Land Use, 26 30; Egypt: A Nation on the Nile, ; Algeria: Varied, Varied History, ; Mali: Desert Living, ; Tanzania: Determined to Succeed, ; Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Wealth of Possibilities, SE/TE: Human-environment interaction, M1, 47, 59, 166; Human Migration, M14 15; Natural Resources and Land Use, 18 24; Environmental Disasters, 48; Historic Traditions, 78 83; Industry, 149, 151, , 156, 164, 186, 192, 194, 196; China: Transforming Itself, ; Japan: Tradition and Change, ; Urban areas, 185; Saudi Arabia: Oil and Islam, ; Environmental Issues, SE/TE: Farming in Mesopotamia, 40; The Pyramid Builder, 88; Mohenjo-Daro, 114; Eyewitness Technology: The Great Pyramid, 85; The Roman Aqueduct, 221; and History, 10 13; Land Between Two Rivers, 34 39; The of the Nile, SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32, 33 34; Eyewitness Technology, 66, 103; Industrial Revolution and Nationalism,

26 Economies of Eastern Hemisphere nations The three basic economic questions that must be addressed by every society are: What goods and services shall be produced and in what quantities? How shall goods and services be produced? For whom shall goods and services be produced? SE/TE: Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Taxes, 45, 47, 119; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , ; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165 SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 The ways resources are used impact the economic, political, and historic aspects of life throughout the world. SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , ,

27 The ways resources are used impact the economic, political, and historic aspects of life throughout the world. SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 People have unlimited needs and wants which they must meet with limited resources. SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land,

28 People have unlimited needs and wants which they must meet with limited resources. SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 A nation with limited natural resources must interact with other nations to secure its resource needs. SE/TE: Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Trade, 82, 104, 156, 186, 198, 239, 240; Immigrants, , 137, 159, 198 SE/TE: Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; The European Union, SE/TE: Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; The Spread of Greek Culture, ; Christianity and the Roman Empire, SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, ,

29 In many areas of the world, improvement in life expectancy and health care have contributed to rapid population growth. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Urbanization, 87, 98; Urban areas, 85, 170, ; Population density, 112, 120, 211 SE/TE: Urban areas, 185; Population density, 12, 13, 271 SE/TE: Growth of Cities, SE/TE: Slash and burn farming, 72; Cities, growth of, 131 Throughout the Eastern Hemisphere, there is great diversity in the standard of living. SE/TE: Describe Population Density, 66; Reasons to Move, 71; Culture has Changed the Landscape, 95; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Urbanization, 87, 98; Urban areas, 85, 170, ; Population density, 112, 120, 211 SE/TE: Urban areas, 185; Population density, 12, 13,

30 Concepts such as scarcity, supply and demand, markets, opportunity costs, resources, productivity, economic growth, and systems can be used to study the economies and economic systems of the various nations of the Eastern Hemisphere. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 The economic systems of the world have become an interdependent network. SE/TE: Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Trade, 82, 104, 156, 186, 198, 239, 240 SE/TE: The European Union,

31 Different economic systems have evolved to deal with economic decision making. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, ,

32 In traditional economies, decision making and problem solving are guided by the past. SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240; Terrace farming, 24; Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 32; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; The Growth of Communities and Trade along the Nile, 74 75; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Agriculture, M16; Grains, 8f; Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, ,

33 In market economies, decisions regarding what is to be produced are based upon patterns of consumer purchases. SE/TE: Industrial Revolution and Nationalism, 55 59; The European Union, 70 77; Trade, 155, 163, 176, 183 SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, SE/TE: Economy, 153, 219, ; Trade, 27 28, 53 54, 97, 98, 102, TE: Silk Road, 136h SE/TE: Links to Economics, 20, 94; East s Great Trading Centers, 52 56; Trade, 12, 20, 45, 47, 65, 80, 81, 82, 104, 120, , 137 SE/TE: Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140, 146; Trade, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 78, 82, 83, 93, 95, 118, 137, 143, 151 SE/TE: Economy, 34, 39, 72, 150, , , 161, , , In command economies, decisions regarding the control and use of the means of production and distribution are planned by the government. SE/TE: Imperial Russia to the Soviet Union, 62 69; Sweden: A Welfare State, ; Germany: A Unified Nation, SE/TE: Economic Systems, 74 79; What Are Natural Resources? ; How People Use the Land, In many countries mixed economies have evolved to deal with economic decision making. Opportunities to address this standard may be found on the following pages: SE/TE: Natural Resources, 20 23, 39 40, 47, 58, 59 60, 72, 165; Land Use, 41, 58, 72, 151; Farming, 17, 24, 33, 34, 41, 48, 58, 72, 104, 151, 163, 239, 240 SE/TE: Resources and Land Use, 26 30, 172, 174, 202; Economy, 61, 67, 69, 99, 140,