Vít PÁSZTO Karel MACKŮ

Transcription

1 What is a rural region? A comparative study on Eurostat data and methods for rural areas delimitation Vít PÁSZTO Karel MACKŮ Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Vit.Paszto@gmail.com

2 Introduction Urban and rural areas are two central concepts used by a wide range of policymakers, researchers, national administrations and international organisations (such as the OECD, the UN and the EU). These two terms are readily understood by the general public, but a clear definition at the international level has remained elusive. Dijkstra & Poelman (2014) A harmonised definition of cities and rural areas: the new degree of urbanisation. Regional Working Paper 2014, European Commission Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO)

3 Definitions

4 Introduction definitions Definitions of urban areas vary from one European country to another; examples: Clear I. Czechia&Portugal (2,000+ inhab.), Clear II. France&Sweden (2,000+ inhab. & houses <200 m.) Unclear Bulgaria (localities legally established as urban) Biased (different definitions) Germany (DG REGIO 150 inhab. per km 2, MKRO more than average pop. density (230 inhab./km 2 ), OECD 50,000+ inhab.)

5 Introduction Martin Spangenberg -

6 Introduction definitions Definitions of urban areas vary from one European country to another Definitions based on administrative units number of inhabitants population density distances between settlement units (houses)

7 Introduction definitions Definitions of urban areas vary from one European country to another Definitions based on administrative units number of inhabitants population density distances between settlement units (houses) What about rural areas??? Are they just complement to urban areas?

8 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid Elimination of administrative units From address locations (geocoded point-based data) Or dissagregated from corresponding LAU2 Recalculation back to administrative units

9 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area?

10 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area? Rural area more than 50 % of its population lives in rural grid cells

11 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area? Rural area more than 50 % of its population lives in rural grid cells A grid cell outside urban clusters

12 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area? Rural area more than 50 % of its population lives in rural grid cells A grid cell outside urban clusters Urban clusters are contiguous grid cells of 1 km 2 with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2 and a minimum population of 5,000

13 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area? Rural area more than 50 % of its population lives in rural grid cells A grid cell outside urban clusters Urban clusters are contiguous grid cells of 1 km 2 with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2 and a minimum population of 5,000

14 Introduction definitions Eurostat introduced GEOSTAT population grid What is urban/rural area? Rural area more than 50 % of its population lives in rural grid cells A grid cell outside urban clusters Urban clusters are contiguous grid cells of 1 km 2 with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2 and a minimum population of 5,000 urban centre is a cluster of contiguous grid cells of 1 km 2 with a density of at least 1,500 inhabitants per km 2 and a minimum population of 50,000

15 Introduction definitions Urban-rural typology (NUTS3) predominantly urban Less than 20 % in rural grid cells intermediate predominantly rural regions More than 50 % in rural grid cells OECD-EU typology Thinly populated area (rural area) Intermediate (towns and suburbs) Less than 50 % in rural grid cells and less than 50 % in high-density clusters Densely populated area (cities) At least 50 % in high-density clusters

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17 DEGURBA EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

18 Data

19 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Attribute data Hundreds of statistical data for NUTS3 (or higher) Total population for LAU2 Spatial administrative data Covering NUTS nomenclature Census data & Urban Audit Shp or personal GDB (except NUTS and country data)

20 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Communes & Total population

21 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Communes & Total population France and Greece (and few others as well, to be fair) COUNTRY COMM_RG_SPATIAL_DATA LAU_2017 LAU_2014 LAU_2013 COMMUNES_WITH_POPULATION COMMENTS FRANCE lakes. Fusion Arrondissements of Paris (20) data from LAU_ data from data from LAU_2013. COUNTRY COMM_RG_SPATIAL_DATA CENSUS_SPLAU_2017 CENSUS_20COMMUNES_WITH_POPULATION GREECE COMMENTS No match possible with data from LAU_2017, LAU_2016

22 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Communes & Total population Table: Table: Table: NUTS 3 LAU BE NUTS 3 BG322 LAU GAB12 NUTS 3 LAU DEF GIS Data: GIS Data: GIS Data: BE LAU 2 - Zemst BGHKV LAU 2 - Dryanovo DE LAU 2 - Schwabstedt

23 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Communes & Total population Table: NUTS 3 LAU DEF GIS Data: DE DE LAU 2 - Schwabstedt

24 Data GISCO & Eurostat statistics Communes & Total population Table: NUTS 3 LAU DEF GIS Data: DE DE LAU 2 - Schwabstedt

25 Fuzzy sets and logic approach

26 Motivation

27 Motivation - DEGURBA EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

28 Motivation EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

29 Motivation EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

30 Motivation EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

31 Motivation EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

32 Fuzzy sets and logic approach It allows to smooth abrupt boundary values (on the contrary to Boolean logic) fig. a) It sets degree of membership in range from 0 to 1 fig. b) Closer to human-expert way of evaluation

33 Rural-urban areas delimitation in Czechia Membership to urban area Membership to rural area μ A ~ A 1 x a b a 0 a x b x b x a 1300 a Total population 3700 b

34 Rural-urban areas delimitation in Czechia LAU 2 units (6,248) Input data: - Total population - Total population per built-up area - Flats in family houses per total number of permanently occupied flats - Number of completed flats per 1,000 people - Population change - Driving distance to the county seat - Urbanized areas per overall municipality area Experts threshold values and weights

35 Rural-urban areas delimitation in Czechia

36 Rural-urban areas delimitation in Czechia

37 Publications Pászto, V. et al. (2015). Using a fuzzy inference system to delimit rural and urban municipalities in the Czech republic in 2010, Journal of Maps, 11 (2), pp DOI: / Pászto, V. et al. (2016) Membership of Czech municipalities to rural and urban areas: A fuzzy-based approach, Geografie-Sbornik CGS, 121 (1), pp WOS:

38 Rural-urban areas in Europe Total population threshold values (30%): 3500 (5000) 6500 Population density threshold values (30%): 210 (300) 390

39 Łukasiewicz t-norm EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

40 Mean of fuzzy numbers EN: EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries

41 Conclusions Urban/rural areas definitions in general are in a mess (together with LAU 2 data) Novel approach using GEOSTAT population grid Expert-based fuzzy approach Models rural urban continuum Closer to human perception (we do not think binary) and communication (vague terms) Computationally robust

42 What is a rural region? A comparative study on Eurostat data and methods for rural areas delimitation Vít PÁSZTO vit.paszto(at)gmail.com Karel MACKŮ Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Vit.Paszto@gmail.com