CGC1D Geography of Canada Period 4 Exam Review

Transcription

1 CGC1D Geography of Canada Period 4 Exam Review Period 4 Students: Your exam is on Tuesday, June 24 th in Room 216 at 8:15 am Exam Format Part A: Knowledge & Understanding: and True and False Part B: Application: Labelling Part C: Thinking & Inquiry: Short Answer Part D: Thinking & Inquiry and Communication: Long Answer 40 marks 20 marks 20 marks 20 marks Remember not to rely solely on this review. You should also review your tests, unit reviews, and assignments. Also, be sure to review the content on the website!! Additional Concepts and Skills to Review Unit 1 Geographer s Toolkit Definition of Geography 3 key questions of Geography 2 main focuses of Geography and examples of each Why did we move from globes to maps? What is a cartographer? BOLTSS Using the cardinal and ordinal points of a compass What is the other way to read a compass? You can use to find bearings. What is the difference between lines of latitude and longitude? What are the important lines of latitude? What are the important lines of longitude? Time zones How many are there in the world? How many in Canada? What are the 4 main types of maps? Provide a description for each? Be able to identify them when you see them? What is the difference between a large scale map and a small scale map? Can you use a compass rose? (Eg. What is the angular bearing for SE? Answer: 135 What is the direction for 270? Answer: West) What is relative location? Given a map, can I describe the relative location of a place? How many points should I provide to have a complete answer? How do I find locations on a map using: relative location, grid maps, and long/lat. coordinates? Can I read a basic topographic map? How do I calculate elevation? Do elevation and direction have any connection? Can I use a map scale to find the distance between 2 locations? When given a time zone map, can I calculate the time in various locations? Unit 2 Physical Geography What are the 4 main layers of the earth? Describe the key elements of each. What are the 4 main geologic eras and what were the major events of each? What and where is the Ring of Fire? What is a seismologist? What are the 2 main scales by which an earthquake is measured? What is the difference between them? What is Pagaea? Who was Alfred Wegener and what theory did he propose? What were his 4 pieces of evidence? Why did he have a difficult time proving his theory? Who put forth the theory of plate tectonics? What does it mean?

2 What are the 2 types of crust and what is the difference? What are convection currents? How do convection currents move plates? What is a subduction zone and how is it formed? Why do earthquakes occur near these zones? Name the 3 basic plate movements or boundaries that cause earthquakes. How do they work? Why does it make sense to say that the earth s crust is constantly being recycled? What causes a tsunami? Describe the Rock Cycle. Name the 3 types of rock in the Rock Cycle. What are the processes involved in the Rock Cycle? What are the 3 main forces responsible for building land? Can you describe each? What are the 2 main elements responsible for breaking down land? What are the 3 main forces of erosion? Name and describe the different types of mountains. What is a landform region? What are the landform regions in Canada? Can you place them on a map? Could you provide 2 or 3 characteristics for each? Be sure to check my master (website)! How do mineral deposits form? Why are certain minerals often found together (eg. nickel and copper)? How can glaciers form different landforms? What impact do they have on drainage patterns? How does an escarpment form? How did the deep harbours of the Appalachians form? Why has the Innuition region not been developed as much as the other regions? What is a fiord and how are they formed? What is the difference between climate and weather? What are the factors that impact everyday weather? What are the factors that affect climate? HOW does each affect climate? What is the difference between a maritime climate and a continental climate? What creates fog on the East Coast? How do the prevailing winds affect the movement of air masses? What about the polar jet stream? What are the 3 different types of precipitation and how does each form? If you had to remember only TWO key points to help you understand why precipitation occurs, what would they be? What are Canada s 4 major climate types? Describe 2 or 3 characteristics of each of the 4 climate types. When you are trying to come up with descriptions, think of things like: What is its general pattern of precipitation? What is its general pattern of temperature? What are Canada s 7 climate regions and where are they on a map? Provide a brief description of each region. Can you interpret a climate graph? If given a climate graph, could you tell me what climate type that graph represents? (Remember, when looking at a climate graph, it s important to take into account the RANGE of temperature. It s also important to pay attention to whether the temperatures are negative or positive numbers.) What are the 4 main elements of soil? Provide a description for each. What are Canada s 7 Vegetation regions? Could you provide 2 or 3 characteristics of each? What is an ecozone? How does weather have an impact on the economy and poverty? Why do we have National Parks in Canada? What are they designed to do? Unit 3 Human Geography Can you read/interpret a population pyramid? Could you draw one, if given the data? Need to refresh your memory? Go here: What are the concerns of caring for an aging population? When discussing trends in Canadian demographics, could you discuss the following topics: birthrate, life expectancy, religion, language, education, work and income, marriage and divorce, family life and health Who are our 3 Aboriginal groups and what are the basic characteristics of each? What is the primary reason why Nunavut has the highest cost of living in Canada? What traditional industry makes up the bulk of Nunavut s economy? How much? Which industries are seeing important growth?

3 How is Nunavut s government different from most other governments? What portion of Canada s land does Nunavut take? What does this mean for its population density? Why was the Indian Act of 1876 a turning point for Canada s aboriginal people? Why is Canada considered to be multi-cultural? Roughly how many immigrants are accepted into Canada each year? There are several immigrant populations that have come to Canada over the years. Could you name 3 or 4 and describe when and why they came? Why is Canada a popular destination for immigrants? What are the 3 groups of people who can immigrate to Canada? What are the characteristics of each? What factors does the government consider to be most important when assessing potential immigrants to Canada? Why? What is the difference between rural and urban? Identify and explain the factors that affect rural settlement. What were the 3 main historical settlement types in Canada? Where were they and what were their characteristics? What is the difference between a city and a metropolitan area? What are the 3 main reasons a city is/was settled in a particular area? What are the 6 divisions of land use in our cities? What are the characteristics of each and roughly what percentage does each represent? What is new urbanism? What are the 4 categories of Canada s economic industries? Compare and contrast the labour force involved in each of the 4 categories above. What is the difference between a basic and non-basic industry? Given a list of jobs, could you determine if it was basic or non-basic? What is the difference between goods and services? Student Industry Sharing BE SURE TO REVIEW THE STUDENT HANDOUTS! DO NOT JUST RELY ON THESE QUESTIONS! Fossil fuels are found in all provinces. There are major geothermal projects in multiple locations in Canada. What is the most produced type of energy in Canada? a. solar b. fossil fuels c. hydroelectric d. geothermal e. wind Which is NOT an advantage of hydroelectric energy? a. environmentally friendly b. installed on roof c. reliable Energy is cheaper in Ontario, BC and: a. Alberta & Manitoba b. PEI & Saskatchewan c. Alberta & PEI d. Manitoba & Saskatchewan What factor most directly influences how much energy we consume? a. transportation b. how much you eat c. the clothes you wear d. weather Coal is: a. shiny and crushed b. crushed and burned c. shiny and burned The percentage of crude oil that is produced in Canada is: a. 80% b. 44% c. 9% d. 47% What is energy? What are 3 types of geothermal energy? What is the most common type of energy produced in Canada and why?

4 Why do you think transportation and climate affect how much energy we consume? What are the advantages of solar energy? Explain. What province does the most fishing? How much of our fish do we export (in percentage)? What is the most common type of fishing? Which type of fishing is the most common for commercial purposes? What is the most common sea creature caught? What percentage of the Atlantic region s GDP involves fishing? How much does fishing generate in economic activity (in dollars)? What is Canada s oldest industry? What animal did the Romans use to help them fish? As of 1999, what percentage of Canada s economy belonged to fishing? What and where was the fishing crisis in 1998? Explain Canada s economic action plan for fishing. Name 2 factors that can cause a crisis in fishing. About how much of the world s forests does Canada have a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% Which of the following is NOT a difficulty in the forestry industry? a. fires b. mining c. pests d. disease What is a way of harvesting forests? a. urbanization b. chainsaw cutting c. shelterwood cutting d. none of the above In 2011, how much money did forestry account for in Canada s economy? a. under 15 billion b. under 20 billion c. over 20 billion d. over 50 billion Canada is the 3 rd largest exporter of primary forest products in the world. Logging increases surface erosion. Forestry decreases ground temperature. Fill in the Blank Forestry provides for many people. Name 3 pros and 3 cons of forestry. What are the 3 ways of harvesting forests? Which way of harvesting forests is most environmentally friendly? Explain. Which way of harvesting forests is most economical? Explain. If you had the choice to use any of the harvesting methods, which would you choose and why? Transportation is not an important factor when determining the location of an industry. The population density of an area has an impact on determining the location of an industry. Which of the following is NOT an important factor when determining the location of an industry? a. transportation b. raw materials c. climate d. energy supply Indentify and explain 2 difficulties involved in locating industry. What is NOT a difficulty in the mining industry? a. depleted workforce b. loss of jobs c. drift mining d. staying competitive Which is an example of underground mining? a. strip mining b. mountaintop mining c. open pit mining d. none of the above Which resource is not a factor in the mining industry? a. oil and gas b. uranium c. gold and silver d. limestone and potash The rock and soil layer that is removed during surface mining is known as? a. leftovers b. overburden c. deposit d. none of the above What does GDP stand for?

5 a. Government Destruction Plan b. Global Dynamic Product c. General Diversification Process d. Gross Domestic Product Fill in the Blank Mining is the extraction of resources that are not. About half of the minerals that are mined in Canada are before they can be processed in a factory. After a mine closes, mining towns have to in order to stay economically alive. Mining makes significant local government taxes and it also leads to and infrastructural development. Which is better, underground or surface mining? Explain. Why will 33% of the current mining force disappear in the next 10 years? How is mining a key stream of money for the Canadian government? Trains are an expensive and fast way to travel. Boats travel quickly but do not have much room for cargo. Airplanes create air pollution and use a large amount of energy. Motor carriers create pollution and cost of great deal of money to maintain. Pipelines do not need a large amount of capital to establish. What are the 5 main types of transportation? How many steps are in the urban transportation planning system? Without transportation, Canada economy would. Transportation is involved in the evaluation, assessment,, and locating of transport facilities (ex. Highways, bike lanes, public transport, etc.) Name the 2 different types of pipeline. In your own words, explain the classic urban transportation planning system. Why is transportation critical in moving people and resources? What would happen in Canada without this system? Describe the transportation methods in early Canada. What 2 MAJOR Trans-Canada developments changed the way Canadians travelled across their own country? Why was the development of Canada s transport system more important to Canada than it would be to many other countries around the world? Name 2 tertiary service industries and explain why they are both basic and non-basic. are a tertiary industry that provide an act of assistance that is needed by other industries and society, in general. This includes retail, education, healthcare, communication, and government services. What are the 3 branches of government services? For each of these services, provide 3 examples of specific services provided. Why are communication systems so vital to Canada? What are the main hotspots for communication? What factors ensured that these locations are hotspots? What are the 2 parts of successful communication? Give an example of each. Explain the difference between services and communication. Trade is divided into which 2 categories? Give a definition for each. What are some sample occupations of each of the 2 categories? The service and communication sectors are the part of Canada s economy. Services do not products or the natural environment. Which is not a sample occupation of education? a. librarian b. student c. principal d. early childhood educator Communications and services industries rarely change Organic food is really no healthier than non-organic food. Alberta is an industry hotspot. Organic farmers earn a higher income than non-organic farmers.

6 Organic food is usually more expensive than non-organic food. Pesticides are used in non-organic food. Ottawa is an agricultural hotspot. Name 4 advantages of organic agriculture. Explain. Is agriculture a basic or non-basic industry (or both)? Why? Why do you think agriculture is important in Canada? Name 6 difficulties within the industry of agriculture. Unit 4: Environmental Challenges (NOTE: Some of this is also mixed into the units above, particularly Unit 3.) Define the term ecological footprint. In what unit is it measured? How can you reduce your ecological footprint? Try to think of examples in different sectors (ie. transportation, food, communication, etc., rather than providing multiple examples of the same sector). Could you discuss 2 or 3 environmental challenges Canadians face? Be sure to include who is involved, what the impact is to the environment and what people/organizations can and are doing to address the problem. Unit 5 Canada and the World Define the following terms: globalization, developing nation, developed nation, newly industrialized nation, Human Development Index, CIDA, GDP, literacy, international trade, import(ing), export(ing), balance of trade, trade surplus, trade deficit, free trade, tariff, fair trade, What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? How do we measure national levels of development? How and why does Canada get involved on a global scale? Who are Canada s leading trade partners? What are the World Trade Organization (WHO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA)? What are the 5 categories of global connections with other countries?