Unit A - Mix and Flow of Matter. Density
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1 Unit A - Mix and Flow of Matter Density
2 Density Density is the amount of mass in a certain unit volume of a substance. It can be described as the crowdedness of particles that make up matter.
3 Example: Elevator An elevator with 8 people in it will be less dense than an elevator with 10 people in it.
4 Density Each sphere below has the same weight. If the volume of each box is the same, which box has the greatest density?
5 Density Both boxes have the same mass. Which one has the greater density?
6 Density Different substances have different sized particles. The size of the particles determines how many particles can fit into a given space. Therefore, each substance has its own unique density, based on how close together the particles are.
7 Density Commuter train in Pakistan The density of a Japanese subway compared to a North American subway.
8 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Both liquid water and water vapor have particles of the same size. According to the particle model, gas particles have more space between them than liquid particles. Therefore, the density of the water vapor is less than the density of the liquid water.
9 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Liquids cannot support objects in the same way solids can because the particles of a liquid move apart easily, allowing a dense, solid object to pass through it. The attractive forces between liquid particles are not strong enough to prevent your foot from pushing them apart.
10 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases
11 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases It is easier to walk through air than in water. This means that air is less dense than water. Because air has fewer particles than water in the same volume, fewer particles of air are in the way.
12 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Although air is mostly empty space, it is not truly empty. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. True empty space does not contain oxygen and therefore we cannot breathe it. Outer space is mostly empty space.
13 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Attractive forces among the particles of a solid are stronger than those between fluid particles. Thus the particles in a solid cannot be pushed apart.
14 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases As temperature increases, a substance will change from solid, to liquid, to gas. The particle model states that the particles of a substance spread out when they gain energy when heated. The particles take up more space, which means the density of the substance decreases.
15 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases As a general rule (for most pure substances), the states of matter from most dense to least dense are solid, liquid, gas. The exception to this rule is ice.
16 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases When water freezes, its particles are forced into a rigid lattice that occupies more space than when it was a liquid. (Note the hexagonal shape that is the basis for a snowflake).
17 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Water is unique in that it is the only compound that expands when it freezes, unlike all other substances that contract when they cool down. It actually expands almost 9% when it solidifies. becomes
18 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases However, there are some cases where a solid state is less dense than a liquid state. Some liquids are very dense compared to some solids that are less dense. Two examples of this are: Iron floating on mercury Wood floating on water
19 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases Using the table: a) List all the Solid substances that are less dense than water.
20 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases b) In a mixture of air and carbon dioxide, which gas floats on top of the other? Why? Air is less dense ( g/ml) than carbon dioxide (0.002 g/ml), so air will float on top of carbon dioxide.
21 Density of Solids, Liquids & Gases c) If you poured equal amounts of ethyl alcohol and glycerol into the same container, which would be on top? Why? Ethyl alcohol (0.79 g/ml) is less dense than glycerol (1.26 g/ml) so ethyl alcohol will float on top. (However, if mixed together the two substances will blend because ethyl alcohol acts as an emulsifying agent.)
22 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related? Mass is the amount of matter in a substance.
23 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related? Volume is a measurement of the amount of space occupied by the substance.
24 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related?
25 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related? The volume of a solid can be measured either directly (using mathematical formulas) or indirectly (using an overflow can). V = l w h = = 200 m 3
26 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related? The volume of a liquid can be measured using a measuring cup or a graduated cylinder. The volume of a gas can be determined by measuring the volume of the container that holds it.
27 Density: How Are Mass & Volume Related? Remember that mass and weight are NOT the same. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter or stuff in an object, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on the object. Mass does not change with location, but weight can: the further an object is from the a source of gravity, the less it weighs.
28 A Formula for Density The density of a substance can be determined by calculating its mass-to-volume ratio.
29 A Formula for Density As long as the temperature and pressure stay the same, the mass-to-volume ratio, or density, of any pure substance is a constant.
30 A Formula for Density Density is an intrinsic property of matter, meaning each pure substance has its own characteristics that only it has. Other such properties are melting point, boiling point, solubility, malleability, ductility, etc. Density can be used to identify a substance.
31 Original sample... red represents matter... the box represents volume LESS Dense... because there is LESS matter in the same space Same amount of matter, but in a smaller space... equals MORE dense... the opposite would also be true MORE Dense... because there is MORE matter in the same space
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