Ch. 1 States of Matter

Transcription

1 Ch. 1 States of Matter Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The surface of water can act like a sort of skin due to a property of liquids called a. viscosity. b. surface tension. c. condensation. d. evaporation. 2. Which state of matter undergoes changes in volume most easily? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. frozen 3. According to Charles s law, when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased, its a. volume increases. b. mass increases. c. volume decreases. d. particles move more slowly. 4. The change from liquid to solid, or the reverse of melting, is called a. condensation. b. boiling. c. sublimation. d. freezing. 5. An uncovered pot of soup is simmering on a stove, and there are water droplets on the wall above the back of the stove. What sequence can you infer has occurred? a. melting, then boiling b. freezing, then thawing c. vaporization, then condensation d. condensation, then vaporization 6. In cold climates, the amount of snow on the ground may decrease even if the temperature stays below zero degrees Celsius. The process that best explains this event is a. condensation. b. sublimation. c. melting. d. evaporation. 7. The state of matter in which particles are arranged in either a crystalline or an amorphous form is a. liquid. b. gas. c. solid. d. fluid. 8. The greater the speed of gas particles in a container, the a. fewer collisions there will be. b. lower the temperature.

2 c. greater the pressure. d. lower the pressure. 9. Pressure can be measured in units of a. newtons. b. newtons per square meter. c. newtons per centimeter. d. newtons per cubic centimeter. 10. According to Boyle s law, when the pressure of a gas increases at constant temperature, its volume a. increases. b. stays constant. c. decreases. d. increases, then decreases. 11. The resistance of a liquid to flowing is its a. pressure. b. temperature. c. viscosity. d. volume. 12. Particles of a liquid a. are tightly packed together and stay in a fixed position. b. have no viscosity. c. decrease in volume with increasing temperature. d. are free to move around one another but still touch. 13. In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them? a. crystal b. liquid c. gas d. solid 14. The force of a gas s outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container is the gas s a. volume. b. temperature. c. pressure. d. density. 15. When the temperature of a gas at constant volume decreases, its a. pressure increases. b. mass increases. c. pressure decreases. d. particles move faster. 16. When an inflated balloon is exposed to cold air, a. the temperature inside the balloon rises. b. the pressure inside the balloon rises. c. the volume of the balloon decreases. d. the volume of the balloon increases. 17. A graph of Charles s law shows the relationship between a. volume and density of a gas.

3 b. volume and pressure of a gas. c. temperature and volume of a gas. d. temperature and pressure of a gas. 18. A graph that shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume under constant temperature demonstrates a. the Pressure law. b. the Density law. c. Charles s law. d. Boyle s law. 19. During the process of sublimation, a. a solid turns directly into a gas. b. a solid turns into a liquid. c. a gas turns directly into a solid. d. a liquid turns into a gas. 20. The freezing point of water is the same as its a. melting point. b. boiling point. c. sublimation point. d. evaporation point. 21. What is vaporization? a. a gas becoming a liquid b. a liquid becoming a solid c. a gas becoming a solid d. a liquid becoming a gas 22. The opposite of vaporization is called a. condensation. b. sublimation. c. evaporation. d. freezing. 23. A graph that shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature under constant pressure demonstrates a. the Pressure law. b. Charles s law. c. the Density law. d. Boyle s law. 24. A graph of Boyle s law shows the relationship between a. volume and density of a gas. b. volume and pressure of a gas. c. temperature and volume of a gas. d. temperature and pressure of a gas. 25. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions? a. gas b. solid c. liquid d. compound

4 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 26. Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid. 27. In crystalline solids, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern. 28. At its boiling temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns. 29. Pieces of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) become smaller through the process of condensation. 30. Water vapor is a colorless gas that is impossible to see. Completion Complete each statement. 31. When a substance cools, it loses energy to its surroundings. 32. occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface. 33. The resistance of a liquid to flowing is called. 34. According to Charles s law, whenever the temperature of a gas at constant pressure decreases, the volume. 35. occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.

5 Ch. 1 States of Matter Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: A DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: D DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_018 BLM: application 6. ANS: B DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas. TOP: k_ch02_024 BLM: application 7. ANS: C DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a solid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain how pressure and temperature of a gas are related. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: B DIF: L2 TOP: m_ch03_ ANS: C DIF: L1 OBJ: Explain how pressure and volume of a gas are related. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: D DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_005

6 15. ANS: C DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain how pressure and temperature of a gas are related. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: C DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: D DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain how pressure and volume of a gas are related. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: A DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: A DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: D DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: A DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: B DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: B DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain how pressure and volume of a gas are related. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: B DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a solid. TOP: k_ch02_028 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 26. ANS: F, more freely than DIF: L2 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: F, amorphous DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a solid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: F, freezing DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_039

7 29. ANS: F, sublimation DIF: L2 OBJ: Explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: T DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_038 COMPLETION 31. ANS: thermal DIF: L2 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: Boiling DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: viscosity DIF: L1 OBJ: Describe the motion of particles in a liquid. TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: decreases DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_ ANS: Condensation DIF: L1 TOP: k_ch02_049