Kehillah Jewish High School AP Biology Course Mrs. Maria E. Vicenty AP Biology Summer Assignment

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1 Kehillah Jewish igh School AP Biology ourse Mrs. Maria E. Vicenty Welcome to AP Biology! 2016 AP Biology Summer Assignment The two main goals of AP Biology are to help you develop a conceptual framework for modern biology and to gain a deeper appreciation of science as a process (as opposed to an accumulation of facts). Because of the rapid pace of discovery in the life sciences our primary emphasis is on developing an understanding of unifying concepts that connect the major topics of biology. The AP Biology urriculum centers around the four Big Ideas and you will need to not only know these but also understand how they all relate: - Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. - Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. - Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. - Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. This course will prepare you for the AP exam in May as long as you put in the time and effort to see yourself succeed. This means you need stay organized and work diligently throughout the academic year. If you have any questions while completing the summer assignment, please contact me by sending an to m.vicenty@gmail.com. I hope you have an amazing summer and look forward to working with you next year. Sincerely, Mrs. Vicenty 1

2 Assignment 1- Part A You will need to get the following materials for the class: A composition notebook (preferably with graph paper pages) A binder with paper for notes 5 dividers with pockets (to place in binder) oloring pencils ighlighters Pens (blue or black ink) or pencils calculator Assignment 1- Part B I would like to know about you before we start the year. Write a letter addressing the questions below and send it to m.vicenty@gmail.com by August 11, ame, age, birthdate. 2. What are your interests, hobbies? 3. Do you play any sport? Musical instrument? 4. Why did you choose AP Biology this year? 5. What do you expect from this course? 6. What would you like to study when you finish high school? 7. Any other information you would like to share? Assignment #2 - The Language of Science The main reason students find it difficult to understand science is because of all the hard to write, spell and read words. Actually, scientific vocabulary is a hodge podge of little words that are linked together to have different meanings. If you learn the meanings of the little words, you'll find scientific vocabulary much easier to understand. Print the table and place it in your binder. hemo hyper hypo intra itis lateral logy lys meter mono morph Word Meaning blood above below within, inside disease, inflammation side study of break down measurement one, single form

3 micro macro multi pod phage phobia philia plasm proto photo poly synthesis sub troph therm vore Zoo, zoa small large many foot to eat dislike, fear like form first light many to make lesser, below eat, consume heat swallow, devour animal nce you have reviewed the above table, use it to develop a definition, in your own words, for each of the following terms. 1. ydrology 2. ytolysis 3. Protozoa 4. Epidermis 5. Spermatogenesis 6. exoskeleton 7. Abiotic 8. Pathogen 9. pseudopod 10. emophilia 11. Endocytosis 12. herbicide 13. Anaerobic 14. Bilateral 15. autotroph 3

4 16. Monosaccharide 17. Arthropod 18. polymorphic 19. ypothermia 20. Biogenesis Assignment #3 Biochemistry Review The following assignment will help you to review chemistry concepts that you need to remember from your chemistry class but won t be covered during this course. Please, print and complete the assignment below and place it in your binder. ome ready to demonstrate mastery of these concepts during a pre-test on the first week of school. Biochemistry Basics What concepts from chemistry are helpful in studying biology? Typically, chemistry is a prerequisite course for advanced biology courses. This is because everything in your body, everything in a plant, everything in a virus, etc. is made of atoms. The structures and properties of the molecules in an organism determine the features and properties of the organism. Which molecules are polar, which are nonpolar? Which molecules have acidic properties, which have basic properties? A quick review of these concepts at the beginning of your advanced biology course will help you to understand the molecular basis for life. Model 1 Molecular Drawings Ball-and-stick model of 1- pentanol ructure o ntanol Line drawing of 1-pentanol 3

5 Ball-and-stick model of glucose Lewis structure of glucose Line drawing of glucose Ball-and-stick model of unsaturated fatty acid Lewis structure of fatty acid unsaturated Line drawing of unsaturated fatty acid 3 1. ame the three molecules that are illustrated in Model ame the three types of drawings that are used to illustrate the molecules in Model ow many bonds are typically formed by each of the following atoms: arbon ydrogen xygen 4. Which types of drawings in Model 1 provide more accurate images of the shape of a molecule? Justify your reasoning. 5. Refer to Model 1. a. Symbols or atoms of what element(s) are missing from the line drawings? b. In reading a line drawing, how do you know where atoms of these elements are in the structure if they are missing from the drawing? 5

6 6. Locate the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the line drawing of isoleucine shown below and draw them in as if the drawing were a Lewis structure Isoleucine 7. Isopropyl alcohol is a three-carbon molecule with an group attached to the middle carbon atom. Draw this molecule using all three types of drawings. 8. If you were asked to write the chemical formula for one of the compounds in Model 1, which type of the drawing would be the easiest to use? Justify your reasoning. 9. What is the advantage to a scientist in using a line drawing rather than a ball-andstick model or Lewis structure?

7 Model 2 Properties of Biological Molecules Polar Molecules (hydrophilic) onpolar Molecules (hydrophobic) Acidic 3 Acidic 3 eutral Lactic acid 3 eutral Fatty acid Valine (amino acid) holesterol Glucose Vitamin A 3 Lactose 7

8 Basic 3 2 Adrenaline 3 Testosterone 3 Dopamine 2 Adenine 10. onsider the polar molecules in Model 2. a. In general, the presence of atoms of what element(s) makes a molecule polar? b. What property do atoms of these elements have that helps make the molecules they are in polar? c. an nonpolar molecules also have atoms of these elements? If yes, what distinguishes a nonpolar molecule from a polar molecule? 11. In chemistry there is a saying like dissolves like, which means things will mix with or dissolve into each other best when their polarities are similar. a. Is water polar or nonpolar? b. Is oil polar or nonpolar? c. Which of the substances in Model 2 would dissolve well in water? Justify your reasoning.

9 d. Which of the substances in Model 2 are more likely to dissolve well in oil? Justify your reasoning. e. Which class of substances in Model 2, polar or nonpolar, is more likely to be found in high concentrations in the bloodstream of a vertebrate? Justify your reasoning. 12. Refer to Model 2. a. What is another term for a polar molecule? b. What is another term for a nonpolar molecule? c. Give the literal translation for the terms you gave in parts a and b above. 13. Functional groups are key groups of atoms in biological molecules. Describe the carboxyl functional group that both acidic molecules in Model 2 have in common. 14. Recall the definition of an acid that you learned in chemistry. Explain how the reaction below illustrates the acidic properties of lactic acid. Lactic acid Lactate ion Describe the functional group, called an amine group, that the basic molecules in Model 2 all have in common? 9

10 16. Recall the definition of a base that you learned in chemistry. Explain how the reaction below illustrates the basic properties of adrenaline Adrenaline Predict the approximate p (p = 7, p > 7 or p < 7) of fairly concentrated aqueous solutions of the following compounds from Model 2. Lactic acid Dopamine Amino acid Lactose 18. In chemistry you learned that covalent bonds are one type of intramolecular bond. They occur between nonmetal atoms in a molecule. You may have also learned about a type of intermolecular bond called a hydrogen bond. ydrogen bonds are weak attractive forces between polar molecules containing strong polar bonds such as -, - or -F. a. Label at least two covalent bonds in the diagram above. b. Label at least one hydrogen bond in the diagram above.

11 19. Which of the molecules in Model 2 would form hydrogen bonds with itself (that is, other molecules of the same type) or with water molecules if in a solution? 11