- Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.

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1 AP Biology Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Biology! AP Biology should NOT be considered college prep. This is a COLLEGE course, with college level expectations for behavior, attendance, participation and effort. AP Biology is an interdisciplinary field of study, and the goal in this class is to integrate what you know about Biology, Chemistry, Math, History, Sociology, etc., to come to an understanding of the natural world, the forces that affect it.. YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO STUDY INDEPENDENTLY! The two main goals of AP Biology are to help you develop a conceptual framework for modern biology and to gain a deeper appreciation of science as a process (as opposed to an accumulation of facts). Because of the rapid pace of discovery in the life sciences our primary emphasis is on developing an understanding of unifying concepts that connect the major topics of biology. The AP Biology Curriculum centers around four Big Ideas and you will need to not only know these but also understand how they all relate: - Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. - Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. - Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. - Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. Your Assignment: 1. We will engage in a great deal of collaborative learning. I will frequently use Google Drive to communicate with you. It is important that you now, as a young adult getting ready to enter college, create a PROFESSIONAL account. You can use your school (it is a gmail account) or a personal account. It must be an account that you will check regularly. If you choose to use a personal account, it must be a professional sounding address. BigDog@hotmail.com may be cool, but not good for your future endeavors in the academic arena or placing on a job application!!! o Gmail accounts work best for Drive. In the past, there have been some communication glitches with non-gmail accounts. o Once you have an account, me to introduce yourself by June 30, My is cmccoy@randolph.k12.nc.us and I will be checking it during the summer. If you encounter problems with your summer assignment, please contact me through that as well. Subject Line: AP Biology 16-17, Your Name Body: Your full name (& nickname that you go by if you have one) & stuff about you! What other science classes have you taken? Are planning to take next year? What do you like to do (hobbies, sports, music, interests, etc.)? Was there anything that you liked or disliked about your earlier biology class? What are you looking forward to the most in AP Biology? What are you most anxious about in AP Biology? Why are you taking AP Biology? What do you hope to accomplish/gain?

2 o Once I have your , I'll add you to the AP biology group and this document (and the chemistry review and Your Inner Fish questions) will be available on Google drive. The documents will also be available on the AP Bio website (Click on documents) 2. To help you keep up with due dates and to disseminate important information, I have created a Remind account for AP Biology. This will allow me to communicate quick updates and reminders. I know that you are much more likely to check your text messages than your . Many times my message will be to check your ! 3. Before the new year begins, you need to gather the supplies needed to ensure success in AP Biology Required supplies Recommended, but not required Binder (1½ -2 ) with paper for class notes Highlighters Composition journal graphing paper for Colored pencils lab activities Sticky notes Pens (blue/black) Pencils 4. Because vocabulary in this course can be a stumbling block, you need to take some time to review the scientific Latin/Greek roots that form many of our scientific terms. o Complete the Biology Prefixes and Suffixes Worksheet. It will make life in AP Biology much easier if you KNOW these roots. the assignment by 8/29/ We have a small problem in AP Biology. Each year new advances in science are discovered but the length of the school year (and when the test occurs) stays the same. What does this mean? We are short on time. In order to cover ALL of the material, you are responsible for reviewing the Chemistry section on your own. Here is what you are to do: o Watch the following YouTube videos. Two videos are Crash Course with Hank Green. The third video is from an AP biology teacher. These videos are great chemistry reviews o Complete the Chemistry Worksheet. The worksheet is available for download on the class website and has been shared with you through Google drive (if you have complete activity #1). As an AP Biology student the expectation is that if you don t know it, find it out! Use all of your resources! Assignment is due 8/29/2016. You may the assignment or turn in a physical copy. 6. Read Your Inner Fish by Neil Shubin, Vintage Books, Random House, New York, 2009 (ISBN ) and then answer the discussion questions. The assignment will be collected on the first day of class and you will also take part in a (graded) discussion of the book during the first week of school. The discussion questions are available for download on the class website and has been shared with you through Google drive (if you have complete activity #1). I have three copies available to check

3 out (first come first serve). The book is also available electronically see myself or Mrs. Snyder for more information. Due 8/29/ Be prepared for a quiz during the first couple of days! This quiz will be on Chemistry and some common biology terms (made from the prefixes and suffixes). 8. Grading of summer assignments: AP Bio Book questions = test grade Vocab and chem = homework grades 2 quiz grades first week of class Final Note: Don t be intimidated! If you want to succeed you will. Don t get me wrong, it will take some work, but if you trust me & do your part, I will provide you with all of the tools necessary to be successful. It is important to remember, though, that I cannot and will not do the work for you! Don t procrastinate on your assignments but don t let them keep you from having a wonderful summer!!! I truly am looking forward to working with you next year! Ms. C. McCoy cmccoy@randolph.k12.nc.us

4 Biology Prefixes and Suffixes -The Language of Science The main reason students find it difficult to understand science is because of all the hard to write, spell and read words. Actually, scientific vocabulary is a mix of small words that are linked together to have different meanings. If you learn the meanings of the little words, you'll find scientific vocabulary much easier to understand. Find the mean to the following Greek/Latin root words. Word Meaning Word Meaning a / an hemo meso hyper leuco hypo aero intra anti -itis amphi lateral aqua / hydro -logy arthro -lysis auto -meter bi / di mono bio morph cephal micro chloro macro chromo multi / poly cide pod cyto -phobia derm -philia haplo proto ecto (exo) photo endo psuedo epi synthesis gastro sub genesis troph herba therm hetero tri homo zoo, zoa ov -tropism kary -taxis neuro -stasis soma zyg / zygous saccharo phago primi / archea path / pathy phyll sym / syn

5 Once you have completed the above table, use it to develop a definition, in your own words, for each of the following terms. 1. Hydrology 2. Cytolysis 3. Protozoa 4. Epidermis 5. Spermatogenesis 6. Exoskeleton 7. Abiotic 8. Pathogen 9. Psuedopod 10. Hemophilia 11. Endocystosis 12. Herbicide 13. Anaerobic 14. Bilateral 15. Autotroph 16. Monosaccharide 17. Arthropod 18. Polymorphic 19. Hypothermia 20. Biogenesis

6 AP Biology Essential Chemistry This is a review of basic chemistry we will not spend any class time on these concepts as they should have been learned in chemistry. Please make sure that you know them and if not, be sure to study through them. 1. Contrast the term element with compound. 2. Know the symbols of the following elements and their charge: a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Nitrogen e. Phosphorus f. Sulfur 3. Label the diagram below and define the terms that you label. 4. Contrast the terms atomic mass and atomic number. 5. What is the difference between the terms atomic mass and atomic weight? 6. What is an isotope and what is special about radioactive isotopes? 7. What determines interactions between atoms? Why are valence electrons important? 8. Define the following terms: a. Chemical bond

7 b. Covalent bond c. Single bond d. Double bond e. Electronegativity f. Nonpolar covalent bond g. Polar covalent bond 9. What is the difference between a structural and molecular formula? 10. Know both the molecular and structural formula for the following compounds. a. Oxygen gas b. Carbon dioxide c. Glucose d. Phosphate e. Ammonia f. Water (you would be surprised at how many people miss this!!!) 11. How do ionic bonds compare with covalent bonds? 12. Compare and contrast hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. 13. Define a dynamic chemical equilibrium in terms of quantities of reactants and products. This is a critical concept! 14. Why is water considered a polar molecule?

8 15. Define the following terms: a. Solute b. Solvent c. Aqueous solution d. Hydrophilic e. Hydrophobic f. Molarity 16. MOLARITY A. Concentration comparison of solute to solvent ( solute : solvent) a. Concentrated large ratio of solute to solvent b. Dilute small ratio of solute to solvent B. Molarity a. Symbol M b. Equation M = moles of solute M = molar mass L of solution L of solution C. Example Problems 1. What is the molarity of a solution formed by mixing 10.0 g of H2SO4 with enough water to make L of solution? 2. To prepare 10.5 L of a 2.50 M solution of KOH, how many grams of potassium hydroxide must be used? 3. How many moles of LiBr must be added to.650 L of water to make a 2.0 M solution? 4. What is the molarity of the solution produced when 145 g of NaCl is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 2.75 L of solution? 5. How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare L of a 1.50 M solution? 6. What is the molarity of the solution produced when.594 mol of HCl is dissolved in L of water?

9 7. To produce 3.00 L of a 1.90 M solution of sodium hydroxide, how many grams of NaOH must be dissolved? 8. If 8.77 g of KI are dissolved in enough water to make 4.75 L of solution, what is the molarity of the solution? 17. Label the diagram below to demonstrate the dissociation of the water molecule and then relate this diagram to the term ph. 18. What defines an acid and a base? 19. Why is organic chemistry so important in the study of biology? 20. What is special about carbon that makes it the central atom in the chemistry of life? 21. Describe and contrast the three types of isomers. Draw a sketch of each a. Structural b. Geometric c. Enantiomers

10 AP Biology Reading Assignment: Your Inner Fish DIRECTIONS 1. Read Your Inner Fish by Neil Shubin, Vintage Books, Random House, New York, 2009 (ISBN ) and then answer the discussion questions listed below. 2. Include your name, course, due date (8/29/2016) and title on top of assignment as your heading. 3. Assignment must be typed (12 pt font, double spaced) and answers should be clearly labeled & numbered for each chapter. Answer completely and in full sentences. Use good grammar and spelling. Be clear and concise; discussion should be in your own words even when page numbers are referenced. 4. Assignment will be collected on the first day of class (8/29/2016) and you will also take part in a (graded) discussion of the book during the first week of school. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Chapter 1 - Finding Your Inner Fish 1. Explain why the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils. Be sure to include the types of rocks and their location during their paleontology work in Describe the fossil Tiktaalik. Why does this fossil confirm a major prediction of paleontology? 3. Explain why Neil Shubin thinks Tiktaalik says something about our own bodies? (in other words why the Inner Fish title for the book?) Chapter 2 - Getting a Grip 1. Describe the pattern to the skeleton of the human arm that was discovered by Sir Richard Owen in the mid-1800s. Relate this pattern to his idea of exceptional similarities. 2. How did Charles Darwin s theory explain these similarities that were observed by Owen? 3. What did further examination of Tiktaalik s fins reveal about the creature and its lifestyle? Chapter 3 - Handy Genes 1. Many experiments were conducted during the 1950s and 1960s with chick embryos and they showed that two patches of tissue essentially controlled the development of the pattern of bones inside limbs. Describe at least one of these experiments and explain the significance of the findings. 2. Describe the hedgehog gene using several animal examples. Be sure to explain its function and its region of activity in the body. Chapter 4 - Teeth Everywhere 1. Teeth make great fossils - why are they as hard as rocks? What are conodonts? 2. Shubin writes that we would never have scales, feathers, and breasts if we didn t have teeth in the first place. (p. 79) Explain what he means by this statement. Chapter 5 - Getting Ahead 1. Why are the trigeminal and facial cranial nerves both complicated and strange in the human body? 2. List the structures that are formed from the four embryonic arches (gill arches) during human development. 3. What are Hox genes and why are they so important? 4. Amphioxus is a small invertebrate yet is an important specimen for study why? Be sure to include characteristics that you share with this critter! Chapter 6 - The Best Laid (Body) Plans 1. Early embryonic experiments in the 1800s led to the discovery of three germ layers. List their names and the organs that form from each. 2. Describe the blastocyst stage in embryonic development. 3. What is meant by ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny? 4. What type of gene is Noggin and what is its function in bodies? 5. Sea anemones have radial symmetry while humans have bilateral symmetry but they still have similar body plans explain Chapter 7 - Adventures in Bodybuilding 1. Refer to the timeline on p.121 in Your Inner Fish what is most surprising to you about the timescale? Explain your choice.

11 2. What is the most common protein found in the human body? Name it and describe it. 3. Explain how cells stick to one another; give at least one example. 4. How do cells (generally) communicate with one another? 5. What are choanoflagellates and why have they been studied by biologists? 6. What are some of the reasons that bodies might have developed in the first place? Include any environmental conditions that might have favored their evolution. Chapter 8 - Making Scents 1. Briefly explain how we perceive a smell. 2. Jawless fish have a very few number of odor genes while mammals have a much larger number. Why does this make sense and how is it possible? Chapter 9 - Vision 1. Humans and Old World monkeys have similar vision explain the similarity and reasons for it. 2. What do eyeless and Pax 6 genes do and where can they be found? Chapter 10 - Ears 1. List the three parts of the ear; what part of the ear is unique to mammals? 2. An early anatomist proposed the hypothesis that parts of the ears of mammals are the same thing as parts of the jaws of reptiles. Explain any fossil evidence that supports this idea. 3. What is the function of the Pax 2 gene? Chapter 11 - The Meaning of It All 1. What is Shubin s biological law of everything and why is it so important? 2. What is the author trying to show with his Bozo example? 3. This chapter includes many examples of disease that show how humans are products of a lengthy and convoluted evolutionary history. Choose three (3) of the problems listed below and briefly explain how ancient ancestors traits still haunt us: a. Obesity b. Heart disease c. Hemorrhoids d. Sleep apnea e. Hiccups f. Hernias g. Mitochondrial diseases Afterword (new findings re: Tiktaalik) 1. Tiktaalik was a fish that lacked an operculum what does this tell us about the animal? 2. Tiktaalik had a true neck what did this allow the animal to do (advantages?) 3. How was Tiktaalik able to survive in the cold Artic environment?