8.6 (A) demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion; (RS)

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1 Subject: Science Grade: 8 1: Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions Force, motion, and energy Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that there is a relationship between force, motion, and energy. How do we measure motion? How can we describe interactions between objects and predict how motion will change? Motion can be measured. Unbalanced forces change an objects motion. An objects mass determines how much its motion is affected by unbalanced forces. TEKS Science CCRS Concepts (What) Processes (How) VIII.C.1 VIII.C.1 VIII.C (A) demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion; (RS) 8.6 (B) differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration; (SS) 8.6 (C) investigate and describe applications of Newton's law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of actionreaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches. (RS) 8.2 (C) Collect and record data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative means such as labeled drawings, writing, and graphic organizers. 8.2 (D) Construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns. 8.2 (A) Plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking welldefined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology. VIII.C.2 VIII.C.2

2 Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions 2: Matter and Energy Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. How does the structure of atoms explain the physical and chemical properties of matter we can see and feel? Atoms are composed of subatomic particles. Protons determine the atom s identity. Electron structure determines the atom s chemical properties. The periodic table is arranged by atomic number and demonstrates periodic patterns and can be used to predict the properties of an element based on its location. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Concepts (What) Processes (How) VII.B (A) describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud; (RS) 8.5(B) identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity; (RS) 8.5 (C) interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements; (RS) Common Assessment #1 ( Sept 30 Oct 11) 8.3 (B) Use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature. 8.3 (C) Identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials. 8.2 (D) Construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns. 8.3 (D) Relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content. Science CCRS VII.C.1 VII.C.1 VII.C.1 VII.C.2 VII.C.2

3 3: Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions Matter and Energy Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. How does matter interact to create new substances and how can we describe these interactions? Chemical formulas can be used to determine the number of atoms of each element in each formula unit of a compound. Chemical reactions result in the formation of new substances with different properties. This process is usually indicated by observable evidence. A balanced equation indicates that every atom present at the start of the reaction is still present at the end of the reaction. Therefore, total mass doesn t change. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Concepts (What) Processes (How) VII.E (D) recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts; (SS) 8.5 (E) investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed; (RS) 8.5 (F) recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass. (SS) 8.1 (A) Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety Standards. 8.4 Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry. Science CCRS

4 Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions 4: Earth and Space Earth and space. The student knows characteristics of the universe. What makes up our Universe? What is Earth s place in the Universe? All stars are not the same in size, age, and temperature. The Sun is by far the closest star to Earth. It is the center of our solar system, but near the outside of our galaxy. Everything we know about space and the origin of the universe is based on evidence in the form of electromagnetic waves. A light year is a unit of distance that is used to measure the distance between objects in space. There are several theories for how the universe began and will develop in the future. Each theory is based on a set of evidence. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Science CCRS Concepts (What) Processes (How) IX.D.1 IX.D.1 IX.D (A) describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Herztsprung-Russell diagram for classification; (RS) 8.8 (B) recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; (SS) 8.8 (C) explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of components in the universe; (SS) 8.8 (D) model and describe how light years are used to measure distances and sizes in the universe; and (SS) 8.2 (E) Analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends. 8.3 (B) Use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature. 8.3 (C) Identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials. 8.3(D) Relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content. 8.3 (A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student.

5 Subject: Science Grade: (E) research how scientific data are used as evidence to develop scientific theories to describe the origin of the universe. (SS) Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions 5: Earth and Space Earth and space. The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. Common Assessment #2 (Dec 9 Dec 17) TEKS Science CCRS Day and night is caused by the rotation of Earth. Variation in seasons is caused by Earth s tilted axis which stays fixed as it revolves around the Sun. Changes in the Moon s phase are due to How can the motion of Earth and the moon explain seasons, the lunar cycle, and tides? differences in the amount of reflected light seen from Earth as the Moon s position changes relative to the position of the Sun. Tides on Earth change as a result of differences in gravitational pull by the Moon as it comes in and out of alignment with the Sun. Concepts (What) Processes (How) X.B.1 IX.A.2 IX.A.2 IX.F (A) model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons (RS) 8.7 (B) demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle; (RS) 8.7 (C) relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides. (SS) 8.3 (B) Use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature. 8.3 (C) Identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials 8.2 (D) Construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns. 8.2 (E) Analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends. STAAR Benchmark ( Jan 8 Feb 14)

6 Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8

7 6: Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions Earth and Space Earth and space. The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems. What causes and influences different types of weather? The Sun s energy causes ocean currents and tropical storms including hurricanes. Differences in atmospheric temperature and pressure influence local weather. Warm ocean water causes weather systems. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Concepts (What) 8.10 (A) recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents; (SS) Processes (How) IX.A.2 IX.A.2 IX.F (B) identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts; (SS) 8.10 (C) identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes. (SS) 8.2 (E) Analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends. Science CCRS

8 7: Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions Earth and Space Earth and space. The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems. What processes produce the surface features of Earth? How and why does Earth s surface change over time? Many scientists contributed to the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics, which use many types of evidence to explain how the surface of Earth changes over time. Features on Earth and under oceans such as mountains, volcanoes, trenches, and ridges are produced by the movement of tectonic plates above the Earth s mantle. Topographic maps show the changes in elevation on the surface of Earth. Weathering and erosion cause predictable changes in surface features of Earth slowly over time. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Concepts (What) Processes (How) IX.E.3 IX.E.1 IX.A.3 8.9A: Describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory. SS 8.9B: Relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features. (RS) 8.3 (A) In all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student. 8.3(D) Relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content. 8.3 (B) Use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature. 8.3 (C) Identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials. Science CCRS

9 Subject: Science Grade: 8 8.9C: Interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering. (RS) Common Assessment #3 (Mar or Mar 24 28)

10 8: Unit/Topic Knowledge & Skills with Essential Questions Organisms and the Environment Organisms and environments. The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems. How does an ecosystem operate to meet the needs of the organisms that inhabit it? There is interdependence among the environment and its organisms. Organisms respond to changes in the environment. Human activities impact living systems. Scope and Sequence Subject: Science Grade: 8 TEKS Science CCRS Concepts (What) Processes (How) VI.G.2 VI.G.2 VI.G.2 VI.C (A) describe producer/ consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host relationships as they occur in food webs within marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems; (RS) 8.11 (B) investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as quantity of light, water, range of temperatures, or soil composition; (RS) 8.11 (C) explore how short- and long-term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations; (RS) 8.1 (A) Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety Standards 8.4 Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry. 8.2 (A) Plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking welldefined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology. Science CCRS Verbiage I.A.1 Utilize skepticism, logic, and professional ethics in science 8.11 (D) recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified these systems. (SS) 8.1 (B) practice appropriate use and conservation of resources, including disposal, reuse, or recycling of materials I.A.2 Use creativity and insight to recognize and describe patterns in natural phenomena

11 Subject: Science Grade: 8 I.A.3 Formulate appropriate questions to test understanding of natural phenomena I.A.4 Rely on reproducible observations of empirical evidence when constructing, analyzing, and evaluating explanations of natural events and processes I.B.1 Design and conduct scientific investigations in which hypotheses are formulated and tested I.C.1 Collaborate on joint projects I.C.2 Understand and apply safe procedures in the laboratory and field, including chemical, electrical, and fire safety and safe handling of live or preserved organisms I.C.3 Demonstrate skill in the safe use of a wide variety of apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures I.D.1 Demonstrate literacy in computer use I.D.2 Use computer models, applications, and simulations I.D.3 Demonstrate appropriate use of a wide variety of apparatuses, equipment, techniques, and procedures for collecting quantitative and qualitative data I.E.1 Use several modes of expression to describe or characterize natural patterns and phenomena These modes of expression include narrative, numerical, graphical, pictorial, symbolic, and kinesthetic I.E.2 Use essential vocabulary of the discipline being studied II.A.1 Understand the real number system and its properties II.A.2 Use exponents and scientific notation II.A.3 Understand ratios, proportions, percentages, and decimal fractions, and translate from any form to any other II.A.4 Use proportional reasoning to solve problems II.A.5 Simplify algebraic expressions II.A.6 Estimate results to evaluate whether a calculated result is reasonable II.A.7 Use calculators, spreadsheets, computers, etc., in data analysis II.B.1 Carry out formal operations using standard algebraic symbols and formulae II.B.2 Represent natural events, processes, and relationships with algebraic expressions and algorithms

12 Subject: Science Grade: 8 II.C.1 Understand simple vectors, vector notations, and vector diagrams, and carry out simple calculations involving vectors II.C.2 Understand that a curve drawn on a defined set of axes is fully equivalent to a set of algebraic equations II.C.3 Understand basic trigonometric principles, including definitions of terms such as sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, and their relationship to triangles II.C.4 Understand basic geometric principles II.D.1 Use dimensional analysis in problem solving II.E.1 Understand descriptive statistics II.F.1 Select and use appropriate Standard International (SI) units and prefixes to express measurements for real world problems II.F.2 Use appropriate significant digits II.F.3 Understand and use logarithmic notation (base 10) III.A.1 Use correct applications of writing practices in scientific communication III.B.1 Read technical and scientific articles to gain understanding of interpretations, apparatuses, techniques or procedures, and data III.B.2 Set up apparatuses, carry out procedures, and collect specified data from a given set of appropriate instructions III.B.3 Recognize scientific and technical vocabulary in the field of study and use this vocabulary to enhance clarity of communication III.B.4 List, use, and give examples of specific strategies before, during, and after reading to improve comprehension III.C.1 Prepare and present scientific/technical information in appropriate formats for various audiences III.D.1 Use search engines, databases, and other digital electronic tools effectively to locate information III.D.2 Evaluate quality, accuracy, completeness, reliability, and currency of information from any source IV.A.1 Recognize how scientific discoveries are connected to technological innovations IV.B.1 Understand how scientific research and technology have an impact on ethical and legal practices IV.B.2 Understand how commonly held ethical beliefs impact scientific research IV.C.1 Understand the historical development of major theories in science IV.C.2 Recognize the role of people in important contributions to scientific knowledge

13 Subject: Science Grade: 8 V.A.1 Know modern theories of atomic structure V.A.2 Understand the typical states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and phase changes among these V.B.1 Understand the Laws of Thermodynamics V.B.2 Know the processes of energy transfer V.C.1 Recognize patterns of change V.D.1 Understand that scientists categorize things according to similarities and differences V.E.1 Use models to make predictions V.E.2 Use scale to relate models and structures V.E.3 Demonstrate familiarity with length scales from sub-atomic particles through macroscopic objects VI.A.1 Know that although all cells share basic features, cells differentiate to carry out specialized functions VI.A.2 Explain how cells can be categorized into two major types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and describe major features that distinguish one from the other VI.A.3 Describe the structure and function of major sub-cellular organelles VI.A.4 Describe the major features of mitosis and relate this process to growth and asexual reproduction VI.A.5 Understand the process of cytokinesis in plant and animal cells and how this process is related to growth VI.A.6 Know the structure of membranes and how this relates to permeability VI.B.1 Understand the major categories of biological molecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids VI.B.2 Describe the structure and function of enzymes VI.B.3 Describe the major features and chemical events of photosynthesis VI.B.4 Describe the major features and chemical events of cellular respiration VI.B.5 Know how organisms respond to presence or absence of oxygen, including mechanisms of fermentation VI.B.6 Understand coupled reaction processes and describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer

14 Subject: Science Grade: 8 VI.C.1 Know multiple categories of evidence for evolutionary change and how this evidence is used to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms VI.C.2 Recognize variations in population sizes, including extinction, and describe mechanisms and conditions that produce these variations VI.D.1 Understand Mendel s laws of inheritance VI.D.2 Know modifications to Mendel s laws VI.D.3 Understand the molecular structures and functions of nucleic acids VI.D.4 Understand simple principles of population genetics and describe characteristics of a Hardy. Weinberg population VI.D.5 Describe the major features of meiosis and relate this process to Mendel s laws of inheritance VI.E.1 Know ways in which living things can be classified based on each organism s internal and external structure, development, and relatedness of DNA sequences VI.F.1 Know that organisms possess various structures and processes (feedback loops) that maintain steady internal conditions VI.F.2 Describe, compare, and contrast structures and processes that allow gas exchange, nutrient uptake and processing, waste excretion, nervous and hormonal regulation, and reproduction in plants, animals, and fungi; give examples of each VI.G.1 Identify Earth s major biomes, giving their locations, typical climate conditions, and characteristic organisms VI.G.2 Know patterns of energy flow and material cycling in Earth s ecosystems VI.G.3 Understand typical forms of organismal behavior VI.G.4 Know the process of succession VII.A.1 Know that physical and chemical properties can be used to describe and classify matter VI.A.2 Recognize and classify pure substances (elements, compounds) and mixtures VII.B.1 Summarize the development of atomic theory Understand that models of the atom are used to help understand the properties of elements and compounds VII.C.1 Know the organization of the periodic table VII.C.2 Recognize the trends in physical and chemical properties as one moves across a period or vertically through a group VII.D.1 Characterize ionic bonds, metallic bonds, and covalent bonds

15 Subject: Science Grade: 8 Describe the properties of metals and ionic and covalent compounds VII.E.1 Classify chemical reactions by type Describe the evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred VII.E.2 Describe the properties of acids and bases, and identify the products of a neutralization reaction VII.E.3 Understand oxidation-reduction reactions VII.E.4 Understand chemical equilibrium VII.E.5 Understand energy changes in chemical reactions VII.E.6 Understand chemical kinetics VII.F.1 Know formulas for ionic compounds VII.F.2 Know formulas for molecular compounds VII.G.1 Understand the mole concept VII.G.2 Understand molar relationships in reactions, stoichiometric calculations, and percent yield VII.H.1 Understand the Law of Conservation of Energy and processes of heat transfer VII.H.2 Understand energy changes and chemical reactions VII.I.1 Understand the behavior of matter in its various states: solid, liquid, and gas VII.I.2 Understand properties of solutions VII.I.3 Understand principles of ideal gas behavior and kinetic molecular theory VII.I.4 Apply the concept of partial pressures in a mixture of gases VII.I.5 Know properties of liquids and solids VII.I.6 Understand the effect of vapor pressure on changes in state; explain heating curves and phase diagrams VII.I.7 Describe intermolecular forces VII.J.1 Understand the major categories of biological molecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

16 Subject: Science Grade: 8 VII.K.1 Understand radioactive decay VIII.A.1 Demonstrate familiarity with length scales from sub-atomic particles through macroscopic objects VII.A.2 Understand states of matter and their characteristics VII.A.3 Understand the concepts of mass and inertia VII.A.4 Understand the concept of density VII.A.5 Understand the concepts of gravitational force and weight VII.B.1 Understand how vectors are used to represent physical quantities VII.B.2 Demonstrate knowledge of vector mathematics using a graphical representation VII.B.3 Demonstrate knowledge of vector mathematics using a numerical representation VII.C.1 Understand the fundamental concepts of kinematics VII.C.2 Understand forces and Newton s Laws VII.C.3 Understand the concept of momentum VII.D.1 Understand potential and kinetic energy VII.D.2 Understand conservation of energy VII.D.3 Understand the relationship of work and mechanical energy VII.E.1 Understand rotational kinematics VII.E.2 Understand the concept of torque VII.E.3 Apply the concept of static equilibrium VII.E.4 Understand angular momentum VII.F.1 Understand pressure in a fluid and its applications VII.F.2 Understand Pascal s Principle VII.F.3 Understand buoyancy

17 Subject: Science Grade: 8 VII.F.4 Understand Bernoulli s principle VII.G.1 Understand basic oscillatory motion and simple harmonic motion VII.G.2 Understand the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves VII.G.3 Understand wave terminology: wavelength, period, frequency, and amplitude VII.G.4 Understand the properties and behavior of sound waves VII.H.1 Understand the gain and loss of heat energy in matter VII.H.2 Understand the basic laws of thermodynamics VII.I.1 Discuss electric charge and electric force VII.I.2 Gain qualitative and quantitative understandings of voltage, current, and resistance VII.I.3 Understand Ohm s Law VII.I.4 Apply the concept of power to electricity VII.I.5 Discuss basic DC circuits that include voltage sources and combinations of resistors VII.I.6 Discuss basic DC circuits that include voltage sources and combinations of capacitors VII.I.7 Understand magnetic fields and their relationship to electricity VII.I.8 Relate electricity and magnetism to everyday life VII.J.1 Know the electromagnetic spectrum VII.J.2 Understand the wave/particle duality of light VII.J.3 Understand concepts of geometric optics IX.A.1 Know the major features and characteristics of atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere IX.A.2 Understand relationships and interactions among atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere IX.A.3 Possess a scientific understanding of the history of Earth s systems IX.A.4 Utilize the tools scientists use to study and understand the Earth s systems

18 Subject: Science Grade: 8 IX.B.1 Understand interactions among the sun, Earth, and moon IX.B.2 Possess a scientific understanding of the formation of the Earth and moon IX.C.1 Describe the structure and motions of the solar system and its components IX.C.2 Possess a scientific understanding of the formation of the solar system IX.D.1 Understand scientific theories for the formation of the universe IX.D.2 Know the current scientific descriptions of the components of the universe IX.E.1 Describe the evidence that supports the current theory of plate tectonics IX.E.2 Identify the major tectonic plates IX.E.3 Describe the motions and interactions of tectonic plates IX.E.4 Describe the rock cycle and its products IX.F.1 Describe matter and energy transfer in the Earth s systems IX.F.2 Give examples of effects of energy transfer within and among systems X.A.1 Recognize the Earth s systems X.A.2 Know the major features of the geosphere and the factors that modify them X.A.3 Know the major features of the atmosphere X.A.4 Know the major features of the hydrosphere X.A.5 Be familiar with Earth s major biomes X.A.6 Describe the Earth s major biogeochemical cycles X.B.1 Understand energy transformations X.B.2 Know the various sources of energy for humans and other biological systems X.C.1 Recognize variations in population sizes, including human population and extinction, and describe mechanisms and conditions that produce these variations X.D.1 Name and describe major environmental policies and legislation

19 Subject: Science Grade: 8 X.D.2 Understand the types, uses, and regulations of the various natural resources X.E.1 Describe the different uses for land (land management) X.E.2 Understand the use and consequences of pest management X.E.3 Know the different methods used to increase food production X.E.4 Understand land and water usage and management practices X.E.5 Understand how human practices affect air, water, and soil quality