What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made up of atoms.
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1 Matter
2 What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made up of atoms.
3 Is it matter? Can you measure the object? Does it take up space? Does the object have a mass? Come up with examples that are matter and are NOT matter with your shoulder partner.
4 QUICK VOCAB LESSON
5 Mass vs. Weight Matter is anything with mass which does NOT mean the same thing as weight. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is the amount of attraction between objects of matter. Gravity anyone?
6 Density vs. Volume Density is the amount of matter in a given space. How closely bound are the atoms? Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
7 What is an atom? An atom is the smallest form of matter. Everything in the world is made up of atoms. Millions of atoms put together make up matter such as desks, pencils, keys, people, etc. They are EXTREMELY small Average diameter is cm
8 Inside an atom Nucleus Made of positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons Center of the atom Contains most of the atom s mass Small but dense Atoms are 99% empty space because all the mass is in the nucleus.
9 Electrons Negatively charged Much smaller than protons and neutrons 1, 800 electrons equal the mass of 1 proton Travel in a cloud outside the nucleus The size of the cloud determines the size of the atom
10 Electron Cloud There are seven different levels in which the electrons can move Each level has a certain number of electrons it can contain The level must be full before electrons can move to the next level
11 Cloud levels Level 1: 2 electrons Level 2: 8 electrons Level 3: 18 electrons Level 4: 32 electrons Level 5: 50 electrons Level 6: 72 electrons Level 7: 98 electrons
12 An atom s charge Electrons negative charge Protons positive charge Neutrons no charge Atoms have no charge, which means that there must be the same amount of protons and electrons to balance each other out.
13 An atom s mass AMU = Atomic Mass Unit Mass of atoms is so small scientists came up with its own unit! Protons 1 AMU Neutrons 1 AMU Electrons AMU
14 HOW TO READ AN ELEMENT SQUARE
15 Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus
16 Atomic mass The mass of the protons + neutrons
17 Math!!!! Number of protons = the atomic number Number of electrons = number of protons Number of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
18 Time to practice! Find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons of this element
19 FYI Element s atomic number will never change. If there is a different atomic number, then you have a different element Atomic mass can vary from atom to atom of the same element because the number of neutrons can change
20 WHO CAME UP WITH ATOMS? The short version
21 Democritus 440 BC Greek philosopher. Proposed that all atoms are small, hard particles made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes. Said that atoms are always moving and that they form different materials by joining together
22 Dalton Learned that elements combine in specific proportions based on mass to form compounds. Ex H 2 O Proposed Atomic Theory to explain why this happened.
23 Dalton s Atomic Theory All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are small particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different. Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances. This theory was very close but not quite right
24 J.J. Thomson Discovered that there are small particles inside the atom, thus atoms can be divided into even smaller parts. Experimented with cathode-ray tube and discovered electrons negatively charged particles.
25 Thomson Plum Pudding Model Atoms have no overall charge, so positive charges must also be present Plum-Pudding Model of atom
26 Rutherford 1909 Ernest Rutherford established that atoms have nuclei.
27 Rutherford Gold Foil experiment aimed a beam of small, positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil
28 Bohr Suggested that electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths Paths are located in levels at certain distances from the nucleus Proposed that no paths are located between the levels, but electrons can jump from a path in 1 level to a path in another level.
29 Modern Theory Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heisenberg Concluded that electrons do NOT travel in definite paths instead they are found in regions called electron clouds.
30 Development of the Atomic theory Modern Theory Democritus Bohr Dalton Thomson Rutherford
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