STANDARDS-BASED Chemistry I Honors Pacing Guide 1 st Semester. Unit #1

Transcription

1 Topic: The Scientific Method Time Elapsed: 2 Days STANDARDS-BASED Chemistry I Honors Pacing Guide 1 st Semester Unit #1 The scientific method is used to systematically pose and test solutions to questions and assess the results of the test. How is the scientific method used to solve problems? C design the scientific investigation with appropriate methods of control to test a hypothesis (including independent and dependent variables), and evaluate the designs of sample investigations. C evaluate the results of the scientific investigation in terms of whether they verify or refute the hypothesis and what the possible sources of error are. Students will have an understanding of the methodology of scientific investigation to the extent that they will be able to implement scientific investigation in creating/testing hypotheses and evaluating the results of such experimentation. Put it to the Test Activity Activity Sheet

2 Topic: Safety in Chemistry Lab Time Elapsed: 3 Days For the safety of all involved, laboratory procedures must be followed using all appropriate safety precautions. What rules must be followed when performing any type of lab activity? C Ue appropriate safety procedures when conducting investigations. Students will obtain an understanding of appropriate safety behavior/precautions in lab and will show their understanding via carrying out lab procedures in the appropriate manner. Lab Safety Video What Not-to-Do First Day Lab VHS/DVD of selected lab safety rules. Various Lab Equipment Direction Sheet, Various Lab Topic: Scientific Notation Time Elapsed: 2 Days Scientists often expressed numbers in scientific notation and solve problems using dimensional analysis. How do scientists express very large or very small numbers? C organize and interpret the data from a controlled scientific investigation by using mathematics (including formulas, scientific notation, and dimensional analysis), graphs, models, and/or technology.

3 Students will be able to formally utilize scientific notation in giving formal answers to questions and interpreting data that may involve complex number sequences. Notating Like A Scientist Peer Tutoring Worksheet for Practice N/A Topic: Significant Digits and Measurement Time Elapsed: 2 Days Measurements contain uncertainties that affect how a calculated result is presented. All measurements are found using the metric system. How is uncertainty accounted for in a measurement and calculation? How are measurements found? C use scientific instruments to record measurement data in appropriate metric units that reflect the precision and accuracy of each particular instrument C apply established rules for significant digits, both in reading a scientific instrument and in calculating a derived quantity from measurement. Students will be able to adequately utilize instruments to make accurate/precise measurements within lab/class as well as apply rules for significant figures when reading instruments and calculating answers. Measurement Lab Significant Digit Worksheets Peer Tutoring Electric Balance/Beakers/Graduated Cylinders/Rulers/Etc. Activity Sheets for Practice N/A

4 Topic: Dimensional Analysis Time Elapsed: 3 Days Scientist often expressed numbers in scientific notation and solve problems using dimensional analysis How do scientists convert from one unit to another? C organize and interpret the data from controlled scientific investigation by using mathematics (include formulas come aside to the patient, and dimensional analysis), graphs, models, and technology. Students will be able to utilize unit conversions to modify measurements from one unit to another unit. Fruit Salad Activity Peer Tutoring Activity Sheet N/A Unit #2 Matter Topic: Early Atomic Structure Time Elapsed: 3 Days The subatomic particles have characteristic properties. The development of the Bohr model provides a foundation though inaccurate, to identifying where electrons exist in the atom What are the properties of subatomic particles? What is the Bohr model of the atom? C summarize properties (including Electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and Ionic Size).

5 Identify characteristics of subatomic properties as well understand the Bohr model of the atom. Historical Walkthrough Rappin Atoms Student Made Atoms (Students act as atoms and create specific arrangements as designated by instructor) Building Bohr(Create the Bohr Model) Clash of the Titans History of the Atom video Sheets for Creation of Atomic Timeline Student created raps/songs dealing with atomic theory. Laminated Sheets (Electron/Proton/Neutron) Paper/Markers DVD, DVD Player, TV Topic: Modern Models of the atom Time Elapsed: 4 Days The development of the Bohr model provides a foundation, though inaccurate, to identifying where electrons exist in the atom. The location electrons around the nucleus from a quantum perspective can be identified using quantum numbers. What is the Bohr model of the atom? Given electron of a specific element what are the four correlating quantum numbers? C summarize atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and Ionic size). Class Objectives TSWBAT: Students will acquire an understanding of the location of electrons and their location in relation to quantum numbers. Buidling on Bohr Walkthrough Singing the Scientistst N/A Student created songs about development of atomic models.

6 Topic: Orbital Notation and Electron Configuration Time Elapsed: 4 Days Electron configurations, by using orbital notation, for representative elements identify a probable location of each electron in the atom. Atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and Ionic size) change as a result of the number and location of the electrons in an atom and the number of protons in the nucleus. What is the electron configuration using orbital notation for specific element? How does the number of protons and electrons affect the following atomic properties? Electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and Ionic size? C illustrate electron configurations by using orbital notation for representative elements. C summarize comic properties (and yes including electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, and Ionic size). Students will be able to utilize electron configuration for various elements and summarize atomic properties. Electron Cups Notation Activity Sheets Electron Configuration Battleship Periodic Trends Puzzle Utilize medicine cups to show the rising electron energy levels. Various worksheets to help practice EC. Periodic Table Sheets/Washable markers Activity Sheet/Scissors/Glue/Paper

7 Topic: The Periodic Table and its trends Time Elapsed: 4 Days The atomic properties (including electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, a comic size come up excise, and reactivity) can be predicted by the location of the element on the periodic table. These properties change predictably as elements increase atomic number across a period or down a group How the following change as elements increase in atomic number in the same group? Electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, Ionic size, and reactivity. C summarize the periodic table s properties and traits (including electron configuration, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic size, Ionic size, and reactivity). Students will be able to predict atomic properties of specific elements by knowing the location of the element on the periodic table. Periodic Table Video Periodically Trendy Activity Peer Tutoring VHS/DVD Different sized Styrofoam balls N/A Topic: Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Decay Time Elapsed: 3 Days The nuclear reactions of fission and fusion are reactions involving the nucleus of the atom whereas chemical reactions involve the electrons. There is much more energy released through nuclear reactions than chemical reactions. Alpha, Beta, and gave a radiation are different in terms of mass, charged, penetrating power, and the release of these particles from the nucleus. The concept of half-life is used in determining the age of materials and is significant and nuclear waste disposal

8 How are nuclear reactions (fission and fusion) different from chemical reactions? What is the mass, charge, and penetrating power of alpha, beta, and gamma particles? How is half-life used in determining the age of materials? C compare the nuclear reactions of fission and fusion chemical reactions (including the parts of the atom involved and the relative amounts of energy released). C compare alpha, beta, and give our radiation in terms of mass, charge, penetrating power, and the release of these particles from the nucleus. C explain the concept of half-life, but its use in determining the age of materials, and its significance and nuclear waste disposal. The student will be able to define radioactive decay and nuclear radiation, describe the different types of decay, define half-life, and discuss nuclear reactions. Alpha/Beta/Gamma Comparison Half-Life Lab Nuclear Rapping Sheet of Paper/Concrete/Plastics Lab Sheets/Barium Student Created Songs About Fusion/Fission

9 Topic: Ionic Bonding Time Elapsed: 4 Days Unit #3 Chemical Compounds The types of bonding (Ionic or covalent) and the shape of simple compounds can be predicted by using Lewis structures and oxidation numbers. How-to name and derive formulas for Ionic and covalent compounds. The types of intermolecular forces present in a compound effect the physical properties of compounds (including polarity and molecular shape). How are Lewis structures and oxidation numbers used to predict the type of bonding a compound under goes? Given the name of an Ionic or covalent compound what is its chemical formula? Given an Ionic or covalent compound, what is its name? How do you intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of compounds? C predict the type of bonding (Ionic or covalent) shape of simple compounds by using Lewis dot structures and oxidation numbers. C interpret the names and formulas for Ionic and covalent compounds. C explain how the types of intermolecular forces present in a compound on fact the physical properties of compounds (including polarity and molecular shape). Class Objectives Define Chemical Bond Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds Describe ionic bonding. Classify bonding type according to electronegativity differences. State the octet rule. Discuss the arrangements of ions in crystals. Define lattice energy and explain its significance. List the distinctive properties of an ionic compound. Name common binary acids and oxyacids given their chemical formulas.

10 Powerpoint presentation of Ionic Bonding LCD Projector, Computer Demonstrate Ionic Bonding through the Paper squares representing elements, use of Cheerios cheerios Characteristics of Ionic Compounds Model of Lattice, examples of different ionic compounds Instruction on Ionic Compounds Ions Flashcards Nomenclature Nomenclature Practice White Boards, Bingo cards, Bingo Chips Evaluation Ionic Compound Brochure, Quiz, Unit Test Topic: Covalent compounds/molecules Time Elapsed: 3 Days The types of bonding (Ionic or covalent) and the shape of simple compounds can be predicted by using Lewis structures and oxidation numbers. How-to name and derive formulas for Ionic and covalent compounds. The types of intermolecular forces present in a compound effect the physical properties of compounds (including polarity and molecular shape). How are Lewis dot structures and oxidation numbers used to predict the shape of a molecular compound? Given the name of an Ionic or covalent compound what is its chemical formula? Given an Ionic or covalent compound, what is its name? How do you intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of compounds? How do you intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of compounds? C predict the type of bonding (Ionic or covalent) shape of simple compounds by using Lewis dot structures and oxidation numbers. C interpret the names and formulas for Ionic and covalent compounds. C explain how the types of intermolecular forces present in a compound on fact the physical properties of compounds (including polarity and molecular shape).

11 Define Chemical Bond. Describe covalent bonding. Define molecule and molecular formula. Explain the relationships among potential energy, distance between approaching atoms, bond length, and bond energy. State the octet rule. Determine the Lewis structures for molecules containing single bonds, multiple bonds, or both including resonance structures. Compare and contrast a chemical formula for a molecular compound with one for an ionic compound. List the distinctive properties of molecular compounds. Write the Lewis structure for a polyatomic ion given the identity of the atoms combined and other appropriate information. Explain VSEPR Theory. Predict the shapes of molecules or polyatomic ions using VSEPR theory. Explain how the shapes of molecules are accounted for by hybridization theory. Describe dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, induced dipoles, and London Dispersion forces and their effects on boiling and melting points. Explain what determines molecular polarity. Powerpoint presentation of Covalent Bonding Characteristics of Covalent Compounds. Demonstration of polar versus nonpolar Instruction on Covalent Compounds Nomenclature Nomenclature Practice Lead class in making molecular models using VSEPR Theory Evaluation LCD Projector, Computer Model of water molecule. Oil, water, Milk, food coloring, toothpicks, dish soap, comb, running water. Prefixes Flashcards White Boards, Bingo cards, Bingo Chips Bubble gum, toothpicks, balloons, molecular models 3D model of a molecule; Unit Test

12 Topic: Organic Compounds Time Elapsed: 2 Days The unique bonding characteristics of carbon have resulted in the formation of a large variety of organic structures. The structural formulas and names of simple hydrocarbons. What accounts for the large variety of organic structures? Given a simple hydrocarbon, what is the structural formula and name? C 3.4 Explain the unique bonding characteristics of carbon that have resulted in the formation of a large variety of organic structures. C 3.5 Illustrate the structural formulas and names of simple hydrocarbons (including alkynes and their isomers and benzene rings). Explain how the structure and bonding of carbon lead to the diversity and number of organic compounds. Compare the use of molecular and structural formulas to represent organic compounds. Compare the use of molecular and structural formulas to represent organic compounds. Compare structural and geometric isomers of organic compounds. Distinguish among the structures of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Write structural formulas and names for alkynes, alkenes, and alkynes. As a group, build the basic alkanes starting with methane. Name these structures and write structural formulas. Do the same for the alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. In pairs, using molecular models build cis and trans isomers. Name and write structural formulas. Evaluation Molecular model kit. White Boards, prefix flash cards Molecular model kit, white boards, flash cards Molecular model kit. Unit Test

13 Unit #4 Chemical Reactions Topic: Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas Time Elapsed: 4 Days The concept of moles can be used to determine the number of particles of a substance in a chemical reaction, the percent composition of a representative compound, the mass proportions, and the mole-mass relationships. Given 13.0 moles of aluminum oxide, determine the number of particles. Determine the mass of the sample. What is the percent composition by mass of aluminum oxide? C 4.4 Apply the concept of moles to determine the number of particles of a substance in a chemical reaction, the percent composition of a representative compound, the mass proportions, and the mole-mass relationships. Define mole, Avogadro s number and molar mass and state how all three are related. Solve problems involving mass in grams, amount in moles, and number of atoms of an element. Determine percentage composition by mass for a given compound. Define empirical formula and explain how the term applies to ionic and molecular compounds. Determine an empirical formula from either a percentage or a mass composition. Explain the relationship between the empirical formula and the molecular formula of a given compound. Determine a molecular formula from an empirical formula.

14 Lab activity. Percent sugar in gum. Demonstrate percent composition by mass calculations for several different compounds. Bubble gum, paper towels, electronic scales. White Board % Water in a Hydrate Inquiry Lab Copper (II) Sulfate, Bunsen burners, electronic balance Demonstration of Empirical Formula White Board calculations Empirical formula of magnesium oxide Magnesium ribbon, Bunsen burner, lab crucible, crucible tongs, electronic balance Demonstration of Molecular Formula White Board calculations Evaluation Ticket out the Door, Unit test Topic: Types of Chemical Reactions Time Elapsed: 4 Days Equations for simple synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions must be balanced. There are energy changes (endothermic or exothermic) associated with chemical reactions. What are the five basic types of chemical reactions? What is a representative equation for each type of chemical reaction? What types of observations should be expected if a reaction is endothermic? What types of observations should be expected if a reaction is exothermic? C analyze and balance equations for simple synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. C for this is analyze the energy changes (Endothermic or exothermic) associated with chemical reactions.

15 List signs of a chemical reaction. Write a balanced chemical equation for a given chemical reaction. Define and give general equations for synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. Classify a reaction as one of the five types of reactions. Decomposition of sugar demonstration generate a list of signs of a chemical reaction from demo. POGIL balancing activity Balancing chemical reactions practice Demonstration of types of reactions with presentation of equations for each. Practice identifying types of reactions. Types of chemical reactions lab. Evaluation. Powdered sugar, one 50-mL beaker, one 150 ml beaker, sulfuric acid, glass stirring rod. Handout White boards Magnesium ribbon, Hydrogen peroxide, Manganese dioxide, Zinc and Hydrochloric acid, Silver nitrate and sodium chloride, methane mamba. Worksheet. See lab. Poster on types of reactions; quiz; Unit test. Topic: Predicting products of neutralization and combustion reactions Time Elapsed: 2 Days The products of acid-base neutralization and combustion reactions can be predicted. What are the products of an acid-base neutralization reaction? What are the products of combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon? C predict the products of acid-base neutralization and combustion reactions.

16 Explain the process of neutralization. Summarize the properties of salts, acids, and bases. Predict the products of a neutralization reaction. Predict the products of a combustion reaction. Power point presentation of properties of LCD projector, computer. acids, bases, and salts. ph activity Samples of different substances with varying ph. ph paper. Light bulb demonstration displaying Conductivity tester. electrolytes in solution. Net ionic formula writing presentation White board. Guided practice writing neutralization Worksheet. reactions including net ionic equations. Guided practice writing combustion White boards. reactions. Evaluation. Ticket out the Door. Topic: Stoichiometry Time Elapsed: 5 Days The concept of moles can be used to determine the number of particles of the substance and the chemical reaction, the percent composition of a representative compound, the mass proportions and the mole mass relationships. Percent yield, the mass of excess, and the limiting reagent in chemical reactions can be predicted through the use of mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation. If 1.54 g of aluminum oxide are formed when aluminum acetate reacts with magnesium oxide, how many grams of magnesium oxide were used? If 15.0 g of zinc are reacted with 5.0 g of HCl which reacted is limiting? How much of the excess reacted is left over?

17 C apply the concept of moles to determine the number of particles of the substance in chemical reaction? The percent composition of a representative compound, the mass proportions, and the mole/mass relationships. C predict the percent yield, the mass of excess, and the limiting reagent in chemical reactions. Describe the importance of the mole ratio in stoichiometric calculations. Write a mole ratio relating two substances in a chemical equation. Calculate the amount in moles of a reactant or product from the amount in moles of a different reactant or product. Calculate the mass of a reactant or product from the amount in moles of a different reactant or product. Calculate the amount in moles of a reactant or product from the mass of a different reactant or product. Calculate the mass of a reactant or product from the mass of a different reactant or product. Determine which of two reactants the limiting reactant is. Calculate the amount in moles or mass in grams of a product, given the amounts in moles or masses in grams of two reactants, one of which is in excess. Distinguish between theoretical yield, actual yield, and percentage yield. Calculate percentage yield, given the actual yield and quantity of a reactant. Jack O Lantern Lab Demonstrate different stoichiometric calculations starting with mole to mole relationships. Peer Tutoring each student writes a problem on an index card. One mole to mole, one mole to mass, one mass to mass. Passes to partner. Decomposition of baking soda lab Smores demonstration of Limiting reactants Limiting reactant calculation practice Evaluation See lab handout. White boards Index cards See lab handout. Graham crackers, chocolate bars, marshmallows, microwave White boards Determine Mole Ratio Lab, Quiz, Unit Test

18 Topic: Properties of Gases Time Elapsed: 2 Days Unit #5 States of Matter Gases have characteristic behaviors; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. What are characteristic behaviors are gases? C explain the effects of the intermolecular forces on the different phases of matter. C explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model Identify the properties that make gasses unique. Convert between units of Kelvin and Celsius Apply the Kinetic Molecular Theory to real world situations. Preinstruction Reading CMC Textbook P Quick Write: What makes a gas different from a solid or a liquid? Direct Instruction PowerPoint/LCD Projector/ Real World Application: Air Pressure in the weather Manometer, Access to Weather.com or the Weather Channel Evaluation Unit Test

19 Topic: Boyle s Law/Charles Law/Combined Gas Law Time Elapsed: 3 Days The gas laws can be applied to problems concerning changes in pressure volume were temperature (including Charles Law, Boyle's Law, and the combined gas law). What is the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature in gases? What is Charles Law? What is Boyle's Law? What is the combined gas law? C explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model C apply the gas laws to problems concerning changes in pressure, volume, or temperature (including Charles Law, Boyle's Law, and the combined gas law). Describe and Manipulate the relationship between pressure/temperature/volume if the number of moles is held constant. Apply the Combined gas/ideal Gas Law to solve real world problems. Preinstruction Reading CMC Textbook P Direct Instruction Powerpoint/LCD Projector/ Virtual Lab Glencoe Virtual Lab Disk Lab-Boyle s/charles Law Ballons, Pistons, Thermometers and Ice Small Group Problem Solving Problems 1-13 in section 13.1 Evaluation Unit Test Topic: Ideal Gas Laws/Gas Stoichiometry Time Elapsed: 4 Days The ideal gas law (PV=nRT) can be applied to solve problems. If given the number of moles of the gas, the pressure and temperature, how would volume be determined?

20 C apply the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) to solve problems. Class Objectives TSWBAT: Apply the Ideal Gas Law to solve real world problems. Preinstruction Reading CMC Textbook P Direct Instruction Powerpoint/LCD Projector/ Small Group Problem Solving Questions in section 13.2 Evaluation Unit Test