AP Chemistry Common Ion Effect; 16.6 ionization constants, will. Equilibria with Weak Acids and and the preparation of buffer

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1 Instructional Unit Acid-Base Equibria 16.1 Acid-Ionizaation Equilibria; Students will perform Students will distinguish Oral response, written C, 16.2 Polyprotic Acids; 16.3 Base- calculations involving between strong and weak test, written laboratory B, Ionization Equilibria; 16.4 Acid- weak acids and bases. acids and bases, will calculate reports A Base Properties of Salt Solutions; and use acid and base 16.5 Common Ion Effect; 16.6 ionization constants, will Buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch predict the acidic or basic Equation; 16.7 Titration Curves for nature of salt solutions, will Weak Acids and Bases. Labs: describe the common ion effect Equilibria with Weak Acids and and the preparation of buffer Bases; An Acid Base Titration solutions, and will determine ph Curve. at several key points along an acid-base titration curve. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 1 of 18

2 Instructional Unit Acids and Bases Arrhenius, Bronsted- Students will identify Students will compare the Oral response, written E, Lowry, and Lewis Concepts of substances as acids Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, test, written laboratory C, Acids and Bases; 15.4 Relative or bases according to and Lewis concepts of acid- reports A Strengths of Acids and Bases; several models and will base behavior, will determine 15.5 Molecular Structure and Acid calculate hydrogen whether reactants or products Strength; 15.6 Self-Ionization of and hydroxide ion are favored in an acid-base Water; 15.7 Solutions of Strong concentration and ph. reaction, will relate acid Acid or Base; 15.8 ph of a strength to molecular structure, Solution; 16.7 Titration Curves for and will calculate the hydrogen Strong Acids and Bases. Lab: ion concentration, hydroxide The Relative Strength of Some Acids. ion concentration and ph of solutions of strong acids and bases. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 2 of 18

3 Instructional Unit Atoms, Molecules and Ions Atomic Theory and Students will identify Students will identify the Oral response, written A Structure of the Atom; the structure units particles making up atoms, will test, written laboratory Nuclear Structure, Isotopes, making up chemical identify the families of elements report. Atomic Weights; 2.5 Periodic Table elements and within the periodic table, and of Elements; 2.6 Chemical compounds. will write formulas and names Formulas, Molecular and Ionic for simple ionic and molecular Substances; 2.7 Organic compounds. Students will compounds, 2.8 Naming Simple identify an unknown compound Compounds; Writing and based on a comparison of its Balancing Chemical Equations. chemical properties with those Labs: Identification of an Unknown of several known compounds. Compound; Some Measurements of Mass and Volume Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 3 of 18

4 Instructional Unit Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations Molecular and Formula Students will perform Students will calculate molar Oral response, written D, Weight and the Mole Concept; 3.3 standard chemical mass and perform mole test, written laboratory B, Mass Percentage; 3.5 Determining calculations involving conversions. Students will report B Formulas; 3.4 Elemental Analysis moles. determine mass percentages of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; from chemical formulas, and Molar Interpretation of will determine empirical and Chemical Equatios and Amounts of molecular formulas. Students Substances in a Chemical will write and balance chemical Reaction; 3.8 Limiting Reactant; 3.8 equations, and perform mass- (cont) Theoretical and Percentage mass and mole-mole Yield. Labs: The Empirical Formula stoichiometric calculations, of an Oxide; Formula of a Hydrate including those involving limiting (Computer Lab Simulation) reactants. Students will Activity: Programming Calculators calculate percentage yield. for Combustion Analysis Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 4 of 18

5 Instructional Unit Chemical Bonding, Molecular Geometry 9.1 Describing Ionic Bonds; 9.2 Students will describe Students will write electron Oral response, written B, Electron Configurations for Ions; ionic and covalent configurations for ions, will test, written laboratory A, 9.3 Ionic Radii; 9.4 Describing bonding, will perform calculate and use lattice reports A Covalent Bonds; 9.5 Polar Covalent calculations involving energies, will draw Lewis Bonds and Electronegativity; 9.6 ionic and covalent electron dot diagrams for Writing Lewis Electron Dot bonds, will predict the molecules and polyatomic ions Formulas; 9.7 Delocalized Bonding shapes of molecules including exceptions to the and Resonance; 9.8 Exceptions to and polyatomic ions, octet rule, will draw resonance the Octet Rule; 9.10 Bond Length and will describe structures, will use covalent and Bond Order; 9.11 Bond modern theories of bond energies to estimate Energy; 10.1 The VSEPR Model; chemical bonding. heats of reaction, will predict 10.2 Dipole Moment; 10.3 Valence the shape and polarity of Bond Theory; 10.4 Description of molecules using VSEPR and Multiple Bonding; electronegativity, will compare Molecular Orbital Theory. Activity: the valence bond and molecular AP Test Strategy orbital theories, will draw molecular orbital filling diagrams for simple diatomic molecules and use them to predict bond order, bond strength, bond length and magnetic behavior. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 5 of 18

6 Instructional Unit Chemical Equilibrium and Solubility Equilibrium 14.1 Chemical Equilibrium; 14.2 The Students will calculate Students will write equilibrium Oral response, written B, Equilibrium Constant; 14.3 and use equilibrium constant expressions for test, written laboratory C, Heterogeneous Equilibria, 14.4 constants for gas homogeneous and reports A Qualitatively Interpreting the phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions, will Equilibrium Constant; 14.5 precipitation reactions. calculate equilibrium constants Predicting the Direction of a and equilibrium concentrations, Reaction; 14.6 Calculating will use the reaction quotient to Equilibrium Concentrations; predict the direction of a 14.9 LeChatelier's Principle; 17.1 chemical reaction, will predict The Solubility Product Constant; the effect of changing a 17.2 Solubility and the Common Ion system at equilibrium using Effect; 17.3 Precipitation LeChatelier's principal, will Calculations. Labs: An calculate and use solubility Introduction to Linear Regression; product constants and Spectrophotometry of Cobalt(II) formation constants, will Chloride; Determining an Equilibrium predict the solubility of an ionic Constant; Observing Reactions of compound in the presence of a Complex Ions. common ion. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 6 of 18

7 Instructional Unit Chemical Reactions: An Introduction 4.1 Ionic Theory of Solutions; 4.2 Students will analyze Students will relate conductivity Oral response, written C, Molecular and Ionic Equations, 4.3 qualitative and of aqueous solutions to their test, written laboratory A, Precipitation Reactions; 4.4 Acid- quantitative ionic characteristics. Students report A Base Reactions; 4.5 Oxidation- relationships in will predict the solubility's of Reduction Reactions; 4.6 Balancing chemical reactions that ionic compounds using Oxidation-Reduction Reactions; take place in aqueous solubility rules. Students will Molar Concentration and solution. write and balance equations Diluting Solutions; 4.9 Gravimetric for precipitation, acid-base and Analysis, 4.10 Volumetric oxidation-reduction reactions. Analysis. Labs: Conductivity of Students will perform Aqueous Solutions; An Activity calculations involving molar Series for Metals; Preparation and Standardization of NaOH Solution. concentration and dilution. Students will perform calculations involving gravimetric and volumetric analyses. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 7 of 18

8 Instructional Unit Chemistry and Measurement Matter; Math Skills Students will perform Students will solve problems Orab response, written D, standard scientific involving unit conversions and test B, calculations using the density. Students will SI system and will distinguish between precision report answers that and accuracy, and will report include appropriate results of calculations using units and precision. correct units and the correct number of significant digits. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 8 of 18

9 Instructional Unit Electrochemistry 19.2 Construction of Voltaic Cells; Students will describe Students will describe the Oral response, written C, 19.3 Notation for Voltaic Cells; 19.4 the components voltaic construction and operation of test, written laboratory B, Electromotive Force; 19.5 and electrolytic cells voltaic and electrolytic cells, reports B Standard Cell emf's and Standard and perform will use standard reduction Electrode Potentials; 19.6 calculations related to potentials to calculate cell Equilibrium Constants from emf's; their operation. electomotive force, will relate 19.7 Dependence of emf's on cell emf to free energy and Concentration; 19.9 Electrolysis of equilibrium constants, will Molten Salts; Aqueous perform calculations for voltaic Electrolysis; Stoichiometry of cells operating under Electrolysis. Lab: Electrochemistry. nonstandard conditions using the Nernst equation, will predict the products of the electrolysis of molten salts and solutions, and will use Faraday's laws to calculate quantities, current, and time needed to carry out electrolysis. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 9 of 18

10 Instructional Unit Gases 5.1 Gas Pressure and its Students will solve Students will perform Oral response, written C, Measurement; 5.2 Empirical Gas problems involving calculations involving pressure test, written laboratory A, Laws; 5.3 Ideal Gas Law; 5.4 gases and will unit conversions, the empirical report A Stoichiometry of Gas Volumes; 5.5 compare real gases gas laws, the ideal gas law, Gas Mixtures, Law of Partial with the ideal gas gas stoichiometry, gas Pressures; 5.6 Kinetic Theory of model. mixtures, molecular speed, an Ideal Gas; 5.7 Molecular diffusion and effusion. Speeds, Diffusion and Effusion; Students will list the postulates 5.8 Real Gases. Computer of the kinetic molecular theory Activity: Boyle's Law. Labs: How of gases and explain how real Much Acetic Acid is in Vinegar; gases deviate from ideal The Strength of Laundry Bleach; behavior. Molar Mass from Vapor Density. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 10 of 18

11 Instructional Unit Organic Chemistry 24.1 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Students will draw Students will identify and draw Oral response, written C, 24.2 Alkenes and Alkynes; 24.3 molecular structures molecular structures for simple test A, Aromatic Hydrocarbons; 24.4 for simple organic hydrocarbons and A Reactions of Hydrocarbons; 24.5 molecules, will apply hydrocarbon derivitives Organic Compounds Containing IUPAC rules for naming including alkanes, alkenes, Oxygen; 24.6 Reactions of simple organic alkynes, cyclic and aromatic Oxygen-Containing Organic molecules, will identify hydrocarbons, alcohols, Compounds; 24.7 Organic isomers, and will ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Compounds Containing identify a few carboxylic acids, esters and Nitrogen;24.8 Polymers. Lab: characteristic amines. Students will identify Evaporation and Intermolecular reactions of organic structural, positional, geometric Forces. compounds and predict and functional isomers. their products. Students will apply the IUPAC rules for naming organic compounds, and will predict the products of oxidation, substitution, addition, condensation, and saponification reactions. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 11 of 18

12 Instructional Unit Quantum Theory; Electron Config., Periodicity 7.1 Wave Nature of Light; 7.2 Students will describe Students will perform Oral response, written B, Quantum Efficts and Photons; 7.3 the electronic structure calculations relating test, written laboratory A, Bohr Theory of the Atom; 7.4 of atoms according to wavelength, frequency and reports C Quantum Mechanics; 7.5 Quantum modern atomic theory, speed of electromagnetic Numbers and Orbitals; 8.1 Electron and will relate radiation, will relate specta to Spin and the Pauli Principle; 8.2 properties of elements electronic structure of atoms, Building Up Principle and the to the arrangement of will use the debroglie Periodic Table; 8.3 Writing Electron electrons in their atoms. relationship to calculate the Configurations Using the Periodic wavelength of a particle, will Table; 8.4 Orbital Diagrams of list the scientists who Atoms and Hund's Rule; 8.5 contributed to the modern Mendelev's Predictions from the theory of the atom, will write Periodic Table; 8.6 Some Periodic electron configurations, will Properties; 8.7 Periodicity in the sketch s, p and d atomic Main Group Elements. Activities: AP Test Strategy orbitals, will draw orbital filling diagrams and Lewis dot diagrams, and will explain properties of elements based on atomic structure. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 12 of 18

13 Instructional Unit Rates of Reaction 13.1 Definition of Reaction Rate; Students will solve Students will define rate of a Oral response, written E, 13.2 Experimental Determination of problems dealing with chemical reaction based on test, written laboratory A, Rate; 13.3 Dependence of Rate on rates of chemical changes in reactant or product report A Concentration; 13.4 Change of reactions and will concentration, will use the Concentration with Time; 13.5 apply the Collision and method of initial rates to Temperature and Rate; 13.6 Transition-State determine the rate law, will Arrhenius Equation; 13.7 theories to explain calculate change in reactant Elementary Reactions; 13.8 The rates of reaction. concentration using the Rate Law and Mechanism; 13.9 Students will relate integrated rate laws, will relate Catalysis. Lab: The Rate of an reaction mechanism to temperature and reaction rate Iodine Clock Reaction. the rate law. using the Arrhenius Equation, will use elementary reactions to determine a reaction mechanism and associate the mechanism with the rate law, and will describe the role of catalysts in speeding up chemical reactions. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 13 of 18

14 Instructional Unit Rates of Reaction 13.1 Definition of Reaction Rate; Students will solve Students will define rate of a Oral response, written E, 13.2 Experimental Determination of problems dealing with chemical reaction based on test, written laboratory A, Rate; 13.3 Dependence of Rate on rates of chemical changes in reactant or product report A Concentration; 13.4 Change of reactions and will concentration, will use the Concentration with Time; 13.5 apply the Collision and method of initial rates to Temperature and Rate; 13.6 Transition-State determine the rate law, will Arrhenius Equation; 13.7 theories to explain calculate change in reactant Elementary Reactions; 13.8 The rates of reaction. concentration using the Rate Law and Mechanism; 13.9 Students will relate integrated rate laws, will relate Catalysis. Lab: The Rate of an reaction mechanism to temperature and reaction rate Iodine Clock Reaction. the rate law. using the Arrhenius Equation, will use elementary reactions to determine a reaction mechanism and associate the mechanism with the rate law, and will describe the role of catalysts in speeding up chemical reactions. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 14 of 18

15 Instructional Unit States of Matter; Liquids, Solids, and Solutions 11.1 Comparison of Gases, Students will relate the Students will compare and Oral response, written C, Liquids, and Solids; 11.2 Phase molecular contrast the molecular behavior test, written laboratory A, Transitions; 11.3 Phase Diagrams; characteristics and and properties of solids, reports A 11.4 Properties of Liquids; 11.5 behavior of matter in liquids, and gases, will Intermolecular Forces; 12.1 Types the liquid and solid describe and quantify the of Solutions; 12.2 Solubility and the states, and in solution energy changed accompanying Solution Process, 12.3 Effects of form. Students will changes of state, will identify Temperature and Pressure on perform calculations the components of and Solubility; 12.4 Ways of Expressing related to energy interpret phase diagrams, will Solution Concentration; 12.5 changes describe types of Vapor Pressure of a Solution; 12.6 accompanying phase intermolecular forces and Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing changes, composition, relate them to properties of Point Depression; 12.7 Osmosis, and properties of substances, will classify solids 12.8 Colligative Properties of Ionic liquids, solids, and by type of attraction, will Solutions. Activity: AP Test solutions. perform calculations involving Strategy. Lab Simulation: solution concentration including Colligative Properties. molarity, molality, mole fraction, mass percent, volume percent, will describe the energy changes accompanying solution formation, will describe the solution process and the effects of temperature and pressure, will perform calculations involving vapor pressure of liquids and solutions and colligative properties of solutions, will describe deviations from ideal behavior in solutions and the role of ionic solutes. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 15 of 18

16 Instructional Unit States of Matter; Liquids, Solids, and Solutions Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 16 of 18

17 Instructional Unit Thermochemistry 6.1 Energy and its Units; 6.2 Heat Students will solve Students will perform Oral response, written C, of Reaction; 6.3 Enthalpy and problems involving calculations involving specific test, written laboratory A, Enthalpy Change; 6.4 energy changes that heat, heats of reactions, report B Thermochemical Equations; 6.5 accompany chemical calorimetry, stoichiometry of Stoichiometry of Reaction Heats; processes. reaction heats, Hess's Law, 6.6 Measuring Heats of Reaction, and standard heats of Calorimetry; 6.7 Hess's Law; 6.8 formation. Standard Enthalpies of Formation. Computer Activity: Specific Heats of Some Metals. Labs: Thermochemistry and Hess's Law. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 17 of 18

18 Instructional Unit Thermodynamics and Equilibrium 18.1 First Law of Thermodynamics Students will relate the Students will articulate the first, Oral response, written C, and Enthalpy; 18.2 Entropy and concepts of enthalpy, second, and third laws of test, written laboratory C, the Second Law of entropy and free thermodynamics, will perform reports B Thermodynamics; 18.3 Standard energy to chemical calculations involving enthalpy, Entropies and the Third Law of reactions and will entropy, and free energy, will Thermodynamics; 18.4 Free perform calculations relate free energy change to Energy and Spontaneity; 18.5 involving these equibrium constants and to the Interpretation of Free Energy; 18.6 quantities. spontaneity of chemical Relating Free Energy to the reactions, and will predict and Equilibrium Constant; 18.7 Change quantify the effect of of Free Energy with Temperature. temperature on the free energy Lab: Redox Reactions. of a reaction. Wednesday, February 07, 2007 Page 18 of 18

AP Chemistry Standards and Benchmarks

AP Chemistry Standards and Benchmarks Standard: Understands and applies the principles of Scientific Inquiry Benchmark 1: Scientific Reasoning Course Level Benchmarks A. Formulates and revises scientific explanations and models B. Understands