Chemistry 104 Final Exam Content Evaluation and Preparation for General Chemistry I Material
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1 Chemistry 104 Final Exam Content Evaluation and Preparation for General Chemistry I Material What is 25 mph in mm s 1? Unit conversions What is 1025 K in o F? Which is larger 1 ft 3 or 0.1 m 3? What is the mass of 25.0 mm 3 of gold? Density What is the edge length of a cube of lead with a mass of 1 kg? Particulate diagrams of matter Classification of Definitions of element, substance and matter compound Macroscopic diagrams of matter Chemical vs. physical change Atomic structure Ions Molecules Nomenclature Isotopic masses and average atomic mass Definitions Particulate and symbolic representations of these changes Number of protons, neutrons, electrons in 22 Ne Two isotopes of copper Nuclear charge of tungsten Number of electrons in aluminum ion Ion with 20 protons and 18 electrons Periodicity of ionic charges Name the diatomic molecular elements Empirical formula of C 10 H 8 Particulate diagram of molecules vs. ionic compounds Names of the acids, H 2 S vs. HClO 2 Formula of copper(ii) sulfate Names of NH 3 and SO 3 Average atomic mass of zinc given the relative abundance and isotopic masses What is the mass of a single isotope given the average atomic mass and mass and relative abundance of the only other isotope pages p p p p p p p p p
2 How many atoms are in 1.0 g of carbon? The mole What is the mass of atoms of helium? What has a greater mass atoms of helium or neon (and why)? Molar mass What is the molar mass of calcium nitrate What is the formula mass of zinc oxide? What mass of oxygen is in 10.0 g of magnesium bicarbonate? Mass/mole What is the mass of the total sample of ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) that contains 5.0 g of hydrogen? What is the percent composition of all Percent elements in nitric acid? composition Which contains the greatest percent composition of oxygen: CO or NO? Why? Empirical formula Balancing equations Stoichiometry Limiting reactant / theoretical yield What is the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon that contains 81.7% carbon? What is the empirical formula of 10.0 g of fuel that produces 30.0 g of CO 2 and 16.3 g of H 2 O? Particulate diagrams of reactions Balancing equations using symbolic reactions What mass of oxygen reacts with 5.0 g of methanol (CH 3 OH)? What mass of ammonia is produced when 1.0 kg of hydrogen reacts with excess nitrogen? What is the limiting reactant when equal masses of nitrogen and oxygen react to for NO? What is the theoretical yield when 2.5 g of nitrogen and oxygen react to form NO 2? pages p p p p p p p p
3 What is the percent yield when 5.5 g of nitrogen and 4.5 g of oxygen react to 8.5 g Percent yield of N 2 O? What mass of NO is needed in excess oxygen to experimentally produce 7.5 g of NO 2 at a 68.5% yield? Definition of electrolyte and non electrolyte Solutions Particulate vs. macroscopic diagrams of solutions Solubility of NaBr vs. AgBr Precipitate formed from the combination of Precipitation sodium carbonate and copper(ii) chloride reactions Net ionic equation and spectator ions for the combination of potassium sulfide and iron(iii) nitrate Acid/Base reactions Redox reactions Solution formula calculations Definitions of acids/bases and strong/weak Representation of strong/weak acid/base in water Neutralization reactions and net ionic equations of KOH and HNO 3 ; KOH and HClO; HCl and NH 3. Oxidation numbers of NaNO 3, NO, N 2 H 4 Definitions of oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agent and reducing agent What will react with a solution of lead(ii) nitrate to reduce lead? Will copper react with HCl(aq)? Why? What is a stronger oxidizing agent, Br 2 or Cl 2? What is the molar concentration of 1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate in 75.0 ml of solution? What mass of CaCl 2 is needed to make ml of a M chloride solution? What volume of water is added to 2.5 M FeCl 3 to make M of 1.75 M chloride ion? pages 3.10 p p p p p p
4 Solution stoichiometry Single ideal gas, one condition Single ideal gas, two conditions Gas stoichiometry Gas mixtures Kinetic molecular theory Energy What is the molar concentration of silver nitrate when 50.0 ml of the solution reacts with excess sodium carbonate to form g of solid at a 88.5% yield? What mass solid is formed when 50.0 ml of each M K 2 SO 4 and M BaCl 2? Calculation of P, V, T, or mass of a gas What is the density of CO at 100 o C and 2 atm? What is the mass of 2.0 L of oxygen at STP? How many molecules are in 1.0 L of NO at STP? What is the pressure when a rigid container of nitrogen at STP is warmed to 100 o C? What is the volume when 10.0 L of helium cools from 100 o C to STP at constant pressure? What is the total volume of gases in the container when 10.0 L of nitrogen and oxygen react at 100% yield to form N 2 O at STP? What is the final pressure in the container when 2.0 atm of nitrogen and oxygen react in a rigid container to form NO 2? What is the partial pressure of nitrogen when a 10.0 L container holds 2.5 g of neon at STP? Determining partial pressures given a particulate drawing What is the root mean square speed of fluorine at STP? Which effuses faster neon or oxygen? Why? Which has the higher average kinetic energy, helium or hydrogen? Definitions of system, surroundings, endothermic, exothermic, open, closed, and isolated system, state function First law of thermodynamics 4.6 p p p p p p p
5 What mass of copper would increase in temperature by 50 o C when 850 J of heat is added? Diagram this / is this exothermic or Heat endothermic? What is the final temperature when 125 ml of water cools from 36.5 o C by evolving 1575 kj of heat? What was the original temperature of ml water when 20.0 g of iron cools from 210 o C to a final common temperature of 36.5 o C? Calorimetry What is the final temperature of water when 1.25 g of calcium chloride is mixed in 75.5 ml of water originally at 17.5 o C? What is the final temperature of water when 1.25 g of ammonium nitrate is mixed in 75.5 ml of water originally at 33.5 o C? What is the energy diagram and thermochemical equation for the combustion of methanol? What is the energy diagram and thermochemical equation for the formation Enthalpy of methanol? What mass of iron is needed to produce 6000 kj of heat when it rusts to form iron(iii) oxide? How much heat is generated when 25.0 g of aluminum oxidizes? Definitions (ground/excited state) Diagram the difference between emission Bohr s model and absorption Explain how the atomic emission spectrum for an element shows lines what is the source of the lines? 6.5 p p p p p
6 Quantum numbers Electron configuration Atomic / ionic size Ionization energy Electron affinity and descriptive chemistry Definitions of the quantum number and rules Give all possible sets of quantum numbers for a ground state atom of lithium Is (2, 0, 1, ½) an allowed set of quantum numbers for a ground state atom of Na? Why? Is (3, 2, 1, ½) an allowed set of quantum numbers for a ground state atom of Na? Why? What are two possible sets of quantum numbers for an excited state for hydrogen? What is the ground state electron configuration of Mg? What is the ground state electron configuration of Mg 2+? Are Mg and Mg 2+ are paramagnetic or diamagnetic? What are the orbital diagrams? What are two more ions that are isoelectronic to Mg 2+? What is the orbital diagram and electron configuration for Cu +, Zn 2+ and Fe 3+? What is larger: Zn or Zn 2+? What is larger: F or Cl? What is larger: F or Cl? What is larger: N or O? What has the highest 1 st ionization, F or Cl? What has a higher 2 nd ionization, Mg or Na? What is the periodic trend for first ionization energy? Why? What is the equation for electron affinity of fluorine? Would this be exothermic or endothermic? What is the periodic trend for metallic character? p p p p p p
7 What is the thermochemical equation for the lattice energy of lithium chloride? Lattice energy What has a higher lattice energy: LiCl or NaCl? What has a higher lattice energy: KCl or CaCl 2? What is the periodic trend for Electronegativity electronegativity? and ionic What has a higher percent ionic character character NaCl or KCl? Why? Lewis dot structures Formal charge and resonance Bond enthalpy Bond angle and shape Molecular polarity Valence bond theory What are the Lewis dot structures of: NO, 2 N 2 O, CH 3 OH, nitrate, oxalate ion (C 2 O 4 )? What has a longer bond length NO or CO? Why? What are the oxidation numbers and formal charges of nitrogen in nitrate, nitrite and NO 2? How many resonance structures are there for carbonate, nitrite and sulfate ions? What is the bond length in the ions above? What is the thermochemical equation for the bond enthalpy of nitrogen? Which has the stronger CO bond: CO 2 or CH 3 OH? What is the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen to NO using bond enthalpy? What is the energy diagram for this? What are the bond angles and shapes of: HCN, SO 2, SO 3, SF 4 and NF 3? What are the polarities of: HCN, SO 2, SO 3, SF 4 and NF 3? How many sigma and pi bonds are in: HCN, SO 2, SO 3, SF 4 and NF 3? What is the hybridization of carbon in CO, CO 2, and CH 3 OH? p p p p p p p p p
8 Organic Interpretation of line structures chemistry Different types of hydrocarbons Intermolecular forces Crystal structures Properties of solids Vapor pressure Phase diagrams Definitions of different types of forces What are the intermolecular forces in NH 3 vs. NF 3 vs. F 2? Which has the highest boiling point and why? What are the intermolecular forces in CCl 4 and CH 4? Which has the higher boiling point and why? Will the fluoride ion hydrogen bond with water? Why? Definitions Particulate diagrams of crystal structures and how these can be used to interpret packing efficiencies Different types of solids and general properties of solids Relationship of vapor pressure, boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization and intermolecular forces Particulate diagrams of vapor pressure and varying vapor pressure depending on intermolecular forces of the substance Definitions Phases of different regions How pressure and temperature affects phases How temperature affects vapor pressure p p p p p p
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