Nanotechnology at Arkema

Transcription

1 Nanotechnology at Arkema for presentation at the NTI and Nanobusiness Alliance October 28 th, 2008

2 Arkema s History Atofina --> Arkema (10/1/2004) Spin-off from Total in May 06 Arkema listed on Euronext Paris: May 18, 2006 Elf Atochem --> Atofina (2000) Atochem --> Elf Atochem (1992) Atochem + M&T Chemicals + Pennwalt (1989)

3 Arkema 2007 overview Sales: 5.8 bn ($8.0B) Capital employed: 3.3 bn* Capex: 5.8% of sales R&D: 3.3% of sales 15,194 employees Europe (excl. France) 39% France 18% Sales by region ROW 5% Asia 13% North America 25% 2005

4 Arkema Inc. Key figures Arkema in North America Sales: $2.0 billion Employees: 2,700 Production Facilities: 18 Corporate Headquarters: Philadelphia, PA R&D Headquarters: King of Prussia, PA Website:

5 A Portfolio of Well Known Brand Names, e.g.: LUPEROX KYNAR ORGASOL

6 Wide range of end-markets Automotive Vinyl Compounds, PMMA, Fluorochemicals, Technical Polymers, Additives, Organic Peroxides Chemical industry Chlorochemicals, Acrylics, Thiochemicals, Technical Polymers, Specialty Chemicals, Organic Peroxides Electronics Vinyl Compounds, Thiochemicals, Technical Polymers, Specialty Chemicals Agrochemicals Thiochemicals, Specialty Chemicals Sport & leisure Vinyl compounds, PMMA, Technical Polymers Paper Chlorochemicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, Acrylics Packaging PVC, Technical Polymers, Additives, Organic Peroxides Hygiene & beauty Org. Peroxides, Acrylics, PMMA, Thiochemicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, Technical Polymers Construction Vinyl Products, Acrylics, Fluorochemicals, Technical Polymers, Specialty Chemicals, Additives, Urea resins, Organic Peroxides Water treatment Chlorochemicals, Acrylics, Hydrogen Peroxide, Specialty Chemicals

7 Innovation Strategic Research Platforms Nanostructured materials CRP polymers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, polymer additives Materials from renewable resources Materials for new energies and water management Functional transparent materials Ongoing intensification of processes

8 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) Process 10 nm H2 C2H4 C2H4 C=C (C) Support H2 Metal

9 Classical vs. Controlled Polymerization Classical Radical Polymerization No control of termination Wide polydispersities Random monomer sequencing Controlled Radical Polymerization CRP Controlled molecular weights Reduced polydispersities Living chain ends Block copolymers Gradient copolymers

10 Structure Control Polymer Design Complete control of copolymer & block structures... Low PDI Gradient AB diblock ABA triblock ABC triblock...nanostructuration due to block incompatibility......properties inherent to each block maintained! no property trade off! Synthetic Flexibility tailoring of polymer end-use properties!...miscibility, Mechanical, Gloss, Tack, etc.

11 Potential Block Copolymers Applications AB diblock copolymers (surfactant-like polymers) Dispersants for paints, agrochemicals, paper coatings Compatibilizers Aids for emulsion polymerization Surface modification for improved paintability, adhesion, or leveling ABA triblock copolymers Tougheners with nanostructuration for styrenics, unsaturated polyester resins, acrylic resins, epoxies, etc. Controlled phase separation for electronics, adhesives, controlled release, etc. Hydrogels Thickeners for a variety of applications Unique aesthetic properties for personal care

12 Low-Emissivity & Solar Control Coatings Selective transmitting / absorbing / reflecting coatings for energy efficient windows Cold climates LowE Hot climates visible near-ir mid-ir outside inside SunE visible UV IR

13 Low - Emissivity Coatings 3000 Å 800 Å SnO2:F SiO /SnO 2 2 Refractive index 1.69 Glass

14 Low Emissivity Coatings Low Emissivity coatings Transparent, microscopic coating which reflects infrared heat. Reduces building energy usage by up to 25% by reducing radiative heat loss. 500 nm Heat Different types of coatings online pyrolytic offline sputtered

15 The Pathways to the Surface Roughness Reduction Starting point Coating deposited standard conditions 14 nm RMS (5 x 5 m) Deposition Process improvements Coating deposited under different conditions 1.8 nm RMS Post Deposition Treatment 2.4 nm RMS 3.8 nm RMS

16 Transparent Conducting Oxide Applications Many recent developments or advances in technology utilize transparent conductors Low Emissivity windows (Colder Climates) Solar Control windows (Warmer Climates) Photovoltaic (solar) cells Solid-State devices for illuminated signs/displays or lighting (LCD, LED, OLED) Touch panel displays Flat panel displays Switchable windows/glazing (Electrochromic, LCD) Window-applied radio antennas Rain-sensing windshields Oven and refrigerator windows

17 Optical Light Efficiency Enhancement Coatings for PV Modules and Electronic Displays

18 Nano Moth-Eye Anti-Reflective Structure Bio-Inspired Nanostructure: Moth-Eye Anti-Reflective Structure d n (air) = 1 h Z-axis n (PMMA) = um With a gradient refractive index 2D hexagonal packing ( nm) Moth-eye anti-reflective/anti-glare structure Nature 424, (14 August 2003) Pete Vukusic and J. Roy Sambles Thin Film Photonics, School of Physics, Exeter University, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK

19 Nano Moth-Eye Anti-Reflective Coatings Single Layer AR Coatings on Plexiglas Sheets UV/Vis Spectra of optical enhanced PMMA sheets (3mm) 96 Transmittance (%) Enhanced PMMA sheet A 90 Enhanced PMMA sheet B 89 Plexiglas PV Wavelength (nm) D=150 nm, h=30-75 nm, d=160 nm d 800 n (air) = 1 h n (pmma) = 1.49 From the fluoropolymer coating alone (n=1.419), neffective = 1.37, better than or equivalent to n (MgF)=1.38, and haze < 2%. Z-axis

20 Fuel Cell Schematic e- eanode (-): H2 2H+ + 2eEo = 0 V Cathode (+): ½O2 + 2H+ + 2e- H2O Eo = 1.23 V H+ O2 H+ H2 H+ H+ H + H+ H2O H+ H+ H+ Electrolyte Electrode/ GDL Overall: H2 + ½ O2 H2O Eo = 1.23V

21 Fuel Cell Membrane Morphology -Nafion Membrane Morphology of a single copolymer Schmidt-Rohr, K., Chen, Q.; Nature Materials, 7, (2008) Gierke, T.D., et.al.; J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Phys. Ed., 19, (1981). Original TEM characterization ~10-15nm diameter channels Recent model Fits with all TEM, SAXS, NMR data

22 Arkema s Approach (More flexible lower cost than Nafion membrane) Polymer blend system decouples conductivity from other requirements Kynar PVDF Engineering thermoplastic High chemical resistance High electrochemical stability No H+ conduction Polyelectrolyte Water absorption H+ conduction Physical properties unimportant A very flexible fabrication process Demonstrated feasibility Kynar Polyelectrolyte Blending Casting Membrane

23 Nanostructure of Arkema Membranes SEM 1 m 1 m TEM 200 nm 200 nm

24 Nanostructure of Arkema Membranes Tapping-mode AFM of crosssection of Kynar blend membrane 35.0 wt.-% polyelectrolyte in Kynar membrane 1 m