Measurement of Dispersed and Dissolved Oil / Reference Method Precision Ming Yang NEL Presentation for 2015 PW Club Meeting
|
|
- Camron Hall
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Measurement of Dispersed and Dissolved Oil / Reference Method Precision Ming Yang NEL Presentation for 2015 PW Club Meeting 11 June 2015 Slide 1
2 Overview Measurement of Dispersed and Dissolved Oil Why Does It Matter? What Is Dispersed and Dissolved Oil? Common Oil in Water Methods and What Do They Measure? How to Measure Dispersed and Dissolved Oil? Reference Method Precision Slide 2
3 Why Does It Matter? OSPAR Performance Standard: 30 mg/l refers to dispersed oil OSPAR discharge data: collected in terms of dispersed and dissolved (BTEX) Measurement impacts on Compliance Assessment of performance of treatment technologies PWRI (if PW is being re-injected) Understanding the subject helps select better treatment technologies Slide 3
4 Why Does It Matter? Discharge of PW in the OSPAR Nations in 2012 Source: OSPAR Slide 4
5 What Is Dissolved / Dispersed / Free Oil? Dissolved oil in the dissolved form in produced water. HCs may include BETX, NPDs and PAHs. Non-HCs may include organic acids and phenols. Dispersed oil in the form of small droplets, say in the range from submicron to hundreds of microns. Free oil- floating on the surface of water or in the forms of large droplets that will settle quickly Slide 5
6 What Is Dissolved / Dispersed / Free Oil? Our interest Source: John Walsh, SPE Webinar, presentation, 2015 Slide 6
7 What Is Dispersed and Dissolved Oil? Total Oil Dissolved Dispersed Aromatics Acids Phenols Aromatics Acids Aliphatics BTEX Fatty acids BTEX Fatty acids PAHs Naphthenic NPDs Naphthenic PAHs Slide 7
8 Hydrocarbon Chemistry Common Organics in PW Aliphatic Aromatic Phenol Organic acid Aromatic Aromatic Source of the table: John Walsh, SPE Webinar presentation, 2015 Slide 8
9 Organic Acids Found in PW in the North Sea Organic acids found in PW from fields operated by Norsk Hydro (now Statoil) 2002 Source: Utvik, NEL PW Workshop, 2003 Slide 9
10 Aromatics Found in PW in the North Sea Aromatic hydrocarbons found in PM from North Oil and Gas fields ( ) Source: OGP Report 324, 2002 Slide 10
11 Phenols Found in PW in Indonesian and North Sea Phenols in Produced Water (mg/l) from 3 facilities in Indonesian and 5 facilities in the North Sea Source: OGP Report 364, 2005 Slide 11
12 Measurement of Dispersed Oil Old OSPAR IR Method(s) DTI/OSPAR Method 1 2 SAMPLING PRETREATMENT OF THE SAMPLE 3 4 EXTRACTION ANALYSE AT 2925 cm -1 Modified IP Method 10 YES the oil-water separation is adequate 5 oil content lower than 40 mg/1 NO 6 determine extinction at cm cm cm -1 YES 8 the alkane content is lower than 40 ppm 7 calculate the alkane content by subtracting the aromatics content from the total oil content NO 9 oil-water separation is not adequate Slide 12
13 Old OSPAR IR Method(s) What Does It Measure? General: all hydrocarbons and other organics present in the samples that are extracted into the solvent Question: Is what is measured dispersed? Answer: almost certainly Not What is included in the extract? Dispersed (aliphatics, aromatics, and other organics extracted into the solvent) Dissolved (aromatics, other organics extracted by the solvent) What is measured? Single wavelength: dispersed and dissolved, but missing most of the aromatics; Three wavelengths: dispersed and dissolved, including aromatics and aliphatics Slide 13
14 Measurement of Dispersed Oil OSPAR GC-FID Method Dispersed oil in water is defined as anything extractable by n-pentane and detectable by GC-FID within a specific retention-time or carbon range in C7 to C40 excluding TEX (Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene and Xylene) Solvent diesel lube Slide 14
15 OSPAR GC-FID Method What Does it Measure? General: anything extracted by n-pentane and detectable by GC-FID within a specific retention-time or carbon range in C7 to C40 excluding TEX (Toluene, Ethyl-Benzene and Xylene) Question: Is what is measured dispersed? Answer: almost certainly Not What is measured? Dispersed (aliphatics, aromatics, within C7 to C40. Those below C7,and those above C40, not included, also, TEX in the dispersed phase will be excluded!!) Dissolved (dissolved aromatics, e.g. NPDs, within C7 to C40 except TEX) Slide 15
16 Measurement of Oil & Grease Gravimetric Method Principle Measure anything extractable by a solvent, not removed by solvent evaporation and capable of being weighed 03/07/15 Slide 16
17 Gravimetric Method Method 1664 A HEM SGT- SGT-HEM 03/07/15 Slide 17
18 Gravimetric Method (EPA 1664 A) - What Does It Measure? General: HEM those extracted into hexane but not evaporated at 85 o C, which is termed as oil and grease SGT-HEM those extracted into hexane not absorbed by silica gel and not evaporate at 85 o C Question: Is what is measured dispersed? Answer: almost certainly Not What is measured as HEM (Oil and Grease)? Dispersed (aliphatics, aromatics, and other organics extracted into hexane, not evaporated at 85 o C) Dissolved (aromatics, other organics extracted by hexane, not evaporated at 85 o C) WSOs = HEM (SGT-HEM) All the polar components: acids, phenols, other non-hydrocarbon organics both in the dispersed and dissolved Slide 18
19 Relationship between Dissolved, Dispersed, Total Oil and Grease and WSOs (USA / GOM) (SGT-HEM) Source: John Walsh, SPE Webinar, presentation, 2015 Slide 19
20 Measurement of Dissolved and Dispersed Possible Method Filtration method: Take sample, filter it with say 0.45 µm filter Dispersed oil: defined as those left on the filter, which is washed off using a solvent and then measured with an appropriate method. Dissolved oil: those passing through the filter, which is solvent extracted and analyzed using an appropriate method. Definition here is that those oil droplets passing through the filter (0.45 µm) are now counted as dissolved! Slide 20
21 Measurement of Dissolved and Dispersed Summary OSPAR region Dissolved = BETX at the present time Dispersed = C7-C40 minus TEX as measured by the OSPAR GC- FID method GOM / USA Oil and Grease = HEM (by the EPA method 1664) WSOs = HEM (SGT- HEM) (essentially those retained by the SGT process procedure) WSOs Dissolved Possible method to measure disperse and dissolved: by filtration Slide 21
22 Useful Reference: John Walsh, SPE Webinar, 2015, Water Treating Taking the Mystery out of Water Soluble Organics ation_slides.pdf Available for download as of 11 June 2015 Slide 22
23 Reference Method Precision Reference Method OSPAR FID GC- Principle Solvent extraction and GC-FID C7 to C40 hydrocarbon Meas. range 0.1 mg/l 150 mg/l Precision Information Respective precision of 11.4%, 20.1%, 21.7%, 21.4% and 36.0% were respectively found at oil concentration of 6 mg/l, 18 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 43 mg/l and 100 mg/l. Reference Method IP 426/98 (Energy Institute) Principle Tetrachloroethylene and IR using Florisil Meas. range mg/kg Precision Information Repeatability = 1 mg/kg over 0.5 mg/kg 5 mg/kg range Repeatability = (x+5) mg/kg where x is the mean of the oiw concentration over 5 mg/kg 150 mg/kg range Examples repeatability: at oiw 5 mg/kg; 20%; 10 mg/kg; 32%; 50 mg/kg; 24% Slide 23
24 Reference Method Precision Reference Method USA EPA [4] ASTM [5] ASTM D [6] Principle Freon extraction & IR Freon extraction & IR S-316 extraction & IR Measurem ent range mg/l mg/l mg/l, could be extended with a larger or smaller sample Precision Information 14 mg/l oil and grease, recovery was 99% with a standard deviation of ±1.4 mg/l Overall precision in the concentration range of 0.6 to 66 mg/l may be expressed: S t =0.167 x where S t is the overall precision and x is the oil and grease concentration, mg/l Precision of 47.1%, 49.9%, 66.3%, 50.3%, 37.2% and 24.7% were found for mean values respectively at 30.5 mg/l, 21.2 mg/l, 6.6 mg/l., 6.4 mg/l, mg/l, mg/l Status Superseded Superseded In use, but not commonly used Slide 24
25 Reference Method Precision Reference Method EPA 1664 B[3] Principle N-Hexane extraction & gravimetric Measurement range mg/l (oil and grease) with a minimum detection limit of 0.91mg/l Precision Info Initial precision of 11% is acceptable. Status In use, official oil and grease measurement method in the USA Precision (defined here as the relative standard deviation) of EPA Method 1664 for HEM or Oil and Grease is quoted as 8.7 percent. However, an initial precision of 11 percent (from analysis of 4 samples of Precision and Recovery, or PAR, standards) is acceptable for a laboratory practicing the method Precision and recovery (PAR) standard - Using a pipet, spike 10.0 ± 0.1 ml of the hexadecane/ stearic acid spiking solution (Section 7.10) into ml of reagent water to produce concentrations of approximately 20 mg/l each of hexadecane and stearic acid. The PAR standard is used for the determination of initial (Section 9.2.2) and ongoing (Section 9.6) precision and recovery. Slide 25
26 Contact us + 44 (0) info@tuvnel.com Slide 26
8/20/2014. Water Treating Taking the Mystery out of Water Soluble Organics
Water Treating Taking the Mystery out of Water Soluble Organics John Walsh, PhD CETCO Energy Services john.walsh@cetco.com June 2014 1 This Webinar is presented through the Water Handling and Management
More informationAnalysis of BTEX in Natural Water with SPME
Analysis of BTEX in Natural Water with SPME Application Note Environmental Author Giordano Vassalli Sezione Protezione Aria Introduction Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) isomers are monocyclic
More informationCCME Reference Method for the Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil - Tier 1 Method
Rating Guide Appendix for the CCME Reference Method for the Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum (PHC) in Soil - Tier 1 Method (Note: Checklist incorporates requirements from Dec 2000 version + Addendum
More informationAtlantic RBCA. Guidelines for Laboratories. Tier I and Tier II Petroleum Hydrocarbon Methods
Atlantic RBCA Guidelines for Laboratories Tier I and Tier II Petroleum Hydrocarbon Methods Version 3.0 July, 2010 Disclaimer This document was created by the PIRI Analytical Laboratory Sub-committee in
More informationUnited States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency (4303) February 2010
United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency (4303) February 2010 Method 1664, Revision B: n-hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-hexane Extractable
More informationThis method describes the identification of the following prohibited colorants in cosmetic products:
A. IDENTIFICATION BY TLC 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This method describes the identification of the following prohibited colorants in cosmetic products: Names C I number Pigment Orange 5 12075 Metanil
More informationPAHs in Parking Lot Sealcoats. Performance Study. Asphalt Based. Coal Tar Sealcoat Sealcoat. Sealcoat. Scrapings. Asphalt Based.
PAHs in Parking Lot s Sitelab Corporation Visit: site-lab.com USA: 978-363-99 Performance Study PAHs in Parking Lot s Page 1 of 5 There is growing concern over the use of sealcoating products used on driveways,
More informationGUIDANCE ON REPORTING ANALYTICAL INFORMATION FOR PETROLEUM UVCB SUBSTANCES IN REACH REGISTRATION DOSSIERS VERSION 2.0 MAY 2014
GUIDANCE ON REPORTING ANALYTICAL INFORMATION FOR PETROLEUM UVCB SUBSTANCES IN REACH REGISTRATION DOSSIERS Contents VERSION 2.0 MAY 2014 1. Disclaimer... 2 2. Purpose of this document... 2 3. Background...
More information2. a) R N and L N so R L or L R 2.
1. Use the formulae on the Some Key Equations and Definitions for Chromatography sheet. a) 0.74 (remember that w b = 1.70 x w ½ ) b) 5 c) 0.893 (α always refers to two adjacent peaks) d) 1.0x10 3 e) 0.1
More informationMethod April 1995
N-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) and Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM) by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) April 1995 U.S. Environmental
More informationMethods of Asphalt Characterization for Understanding the link between Chemistry and Material Failure FHWA Project Review January 26, 2012
Methods of Asphalt Characterization for Understanding the link between Chemistry and Material Failure FHWA Project Review January 26, 2012 Ryan B. Boysen John F. Schabron Eric W. Kalberer Joseph F. Rovani
More informationUNDERSTANDING SOIL TPH RESULTS Peter Robinson, Hill Laboratories, Hamilton, NZ
UNDERSTANDING SOIL TP RESULTS Peter Robinson, ill Laboratories, amilton, NZ Abstract Total Petroleum ydrocarbon (TP) analyses are requested for a range of reasons, from petroleum industry site work through
More informationUnderstanding the Uncertainty Associated with Analytical Results: Sources, Control and Interpretation of Results. Marc Paquet, Chemist M.Sc.
Understanding the Uncertainty Associated with Analytical Results: Sources, Control and Interpretation of Results Marc Paquet, Chemist M.Sc. 1 Topics Misconceptions; Facts; FAQs; Sources of uncertainty;
More informationPrepared by: ASL Analytical Service Laboratories Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia. Prepared for:
Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, LANDS, AND PARKS PETROLEUM HYDRDROCARBON METHODS STUDY (1998) ROUND ROBIN AND SINGLE LABORATORY RESULTS FINAL REPORT
More informationThe Effect of Contact Angle and Wetting on Performance in Solid Phase Extraction
The Effect of Contact Angle and Wetting on Performance in Solid Phase Extraction Edouard S. P. Bouvier, Randy E. Meirowitz and Uwe D. Neue Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757 USA Presented
More information4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester
NP 4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester NaEt C 10 H 18 4 Na C 2 H 6 C 8 H 12 3 (202.2) (23.0) (46.1) (156.2) Classification Reaction types and substance
More informationAutomated PIONA Analysis by ASTM D8071 and VUV PIONA+
Automated PIONA Analysis by ASTM D8071 and VUV PIONA+ Automated PIONA Analysis by ASTM D8071 and VUV PIONA+ An Application of VUV PIONA+ for Finished Gasoline Analysis Introduction ASTM D8071 is a single
More information(2) After dissolving a solid in a solvent at high temperature, the solution is not filtered.
Name Key 216 W13-Exam No. 1 Page 2 I. (10 points) The goal of recrystallization is to obtain purified material with a maximized recovery. For each of the following cases, indicate as to which of the two
More informationPractical Faster GC Applications with High-Efficiency GC Columns and Method Translation Software
Practical Faster GC Applications with High-Efficiency GC Columns and Method Translation Software GC Columns and Consumables Mark Sinnott Application Engineer January 8 th, 2008 Page 1 Questions to Ask
More informationGC/MS: A Valid Tool for Soil Gas Hydrocarbons Speciation
International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, 2015, 3, 54-62 Published Online September 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijamsc http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijamsc.2015.33007
More information1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS. Revision: 5.1 Date: 3/2/98
CHARACTERIZATION OF C 6 TO C 35 PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES: TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS APPROXIMATE BOILING POINT/CARBON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION
More informationPrelab Reading Assignment: Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry, 4 th Ed. Chapter 19
CHEM 213 Technique Experiments Experiment 5: Column Chromatography Number of labs - one Reactions performed None Chemicals used: Fluorene-fluorenone mixture, hexanes, methylene chloride, silica gel Supplies
More informationCHEM340 Tutorial 4: Chromatography
CHEM340 Tutorial 4: Chromatography 1. The data in the table below was obtained from a chromatogram obtained with a 10 cm liquid chromatography column. Under the conditions used, the compound uracil is
More informationCALIBRATION OF GC/MS METHOD AND VALIDATION OF THE MODIFIED SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Journal Ivan of Givechev, Chemical Dancho Technology Danalev, and Spaska Metallurgy, Yaneva, 53, Dimitar 4, 2018, Tanev 717-724 CALIBRATION OF GC/MS METHOD AND VALIDATION OF THE MODIFIED SAMPLE PREPARATION
More informationDetermination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene in River Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
2003 The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 1365 Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene in River Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography Mohammad A. MOTTALEB,* Mohammad
More informationMETHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION Avenue de Tervuren 149 1150 Brussels, Belgium Tel : (32/2) 7418683 Fax : (32/2) 7418684 e-mail : impca@epca.be IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
More informationTHE USE OF ORGANOCLAY IN MANAGING DISSOLVED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS RELEVANT TO CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
THE USE OF ORGANOCLAY IN MANAGING DISSOLVED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS RELEVANT TO CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS Organoclay has great potential as a permeable adsorptive barrier in treating contaminated groundwater
More informationWater & Wastewater. Laboratory Math
Water & Wastewater Laboratory Math VWEA Good Lab Practices Meeting Presented by: Wayne Staples Virginia DEQ July 24, 2017 Required to: Math in the Laboratory Determine a test result Alkalinity calculation
More informationRemtech Slow Release Persulphate and MultiOx Cylinders for Passive, Long-term Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites
Remtech 2014 Slow Release Persulphate and MultiOx Cylinders for Passive, Long-term Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites Meeting Name Pamela Dugan, Ph.D., P.G.; Carus Corporation Company
More informationMETHOD 8100 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
METHOD 8100 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 8100 is used to determine the concentration of certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Table 1 indicates compounds
More informationSlow Release Persulfate and MultiOx Cylinders for Passive, Long term Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites
Slow Release Persulfate and MultiOx Cylinders for Passive, Long term Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites Jean Paré Chemco Inc. SMART Remediation Ottawa, ON February 12, 2015 SMART is
More informationValidation of New VPH GC/MS Method using Multi-Matrix Purge and Trap Sample Prep System
Validation of New VPH GC/MS Method using Multi-Matrix Purge and Trap Sample Prep System Application Note Abstract The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) developed the Method
More informationAppendix 1: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds: Nomenclature and Analysis
Appendix 1: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds: Nomenclature and Analysis This appendix provides an explanation for and definition of the terms that have been used to describe polycyclic aromatic compounds.
More informationMETHOD 3600B CLEANUP
METHOD 3600B CLEANUP 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 3600 provides general guidance on selection of cleanup methods that are appropriate for the target analytes of interest. Cleanup methods are applied
More informationQuantitative determination of ethephon in soluble concentration (SL) by Ion chromatography
Quantitative determination of ethephon in soluble concentration (SL) by Ion chromatography Author : Li Guoping Yu Rong Shui Rong Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.
More informationProduct Brief. - Hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes including natural gas, refinery gas, liquified petroleum gas
Agilent Porous Polymer PLOT Columns: New Products, Expanded Uses, Prices Cut in Half! Product Brief Need improved resolution of small volatile compounds? Didn't try a PLOT column due to high price, short
More informationIMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS a.i.s.b.l. International Methanol Producers & Consumers Association i.v.z.w. Avenue de Tervueren 270
More informationHYDROCARBONS: STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES
YDROARBONS: STRUTURE & PROPERTIES PURPOSE: To discover the physical and chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. To identify an unknown hydrocarbon by comparing it to known samples.
More informationDetermination of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Soil by Manual SPME and Agilent 5975T LTM GC/MSD
Determination of Volatile Aromatic Compounds in Soil by Manual SPME and Agilent 5975T LTM GC/MSD Application Note Environmental Author Suli Zhao, Andy Zhai Agilent Technologies Co., Ltd. 412 Yinglun Road
More informationDetermination of Carbonyl Compounds In Water by Dinitrophenylhydrazine Derivatization and HPLC/UV*
Determination of Carbonyl Compounds In Water by Dinitrophenylhydrazine Derivatization and HPLC/UV* EPA Method 8315A UCT Part Number: EUC1812M15 (Unendcapped C18-2000 mg/15 ml cartridge) March 2013 Method
More informationPreliminary Evaluation of the Impact of Modified Injection Water Composition on the Oil/Water Separation in Produced Water Treatment Facilities
559 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 57, 2017 Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Laura Piazza, Serafim Bakalis Copyright 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-48-8;
More informationBe Careful What You Ask For
Be Careful What You Ask For A Grammatically Challenged Advisory on Analytical Testing Requests Presented to Crude Oil Quality Association February 24, 2011 Obvious Problem/Not So Obvious Solution Heater
More informationExtraction. A useful technique for purification of mixture. Dr. Zerong Wang at UHCL. Separation processes
Extraction A useful technique for purification of mixture Separation processes Liquid-liquid extraction Adsorption Filtration Solid-liquid extraction (leaching) Elution chromatography Membrane separation
More informationPETE 203: Properties of oil
PETE 203: Properties of oil Prepared by: Mr. Brosk Frya Ali Koya University, Faculty of Engineering, Petroleum Engineering Department 2013 2014 Lecture no. (2): Crude oil chemistry and composition 5. Crude
More informationAccelerated Solvent Extraction GC-MS Analysis and Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil
Accelerated Solvent Extraction GC-MS Analysis and Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Che Jinshui, 1 Deng Guifeng, 1 Liang Lina, 1 and Aaron Kettle, 2 1 Thermo Fisher Scientific (China)
More informationVolatile organic compounds (VOCs):
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Organic chemicals with a high vapour pressure at room temperature. High vapour pressure results from a low boiling point. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined
More informationEgualen Sodium Granules
Egualen Sodium Granules Dissolution Weigh accurately an amount of Egualen Sodium Granules, equivalent to about 5 mg of egualen sodium (C 15 H 17 NaO 3 S 1/3 H2O) according to the labeled amount,
More informationPOLYDEXTROSES. SYNONYMS Modified polydextroses; INS No DEFINITION DESCRIPTION. FUNCTIONAL USES Bulking agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener
POLYDEXTROSES Prepared at the 51st JECFA (1998) and published in FNP 52 Add 6 (1998) superseding specifications prepared at the 44th JECFA (1995), published in FNP 52 Add 3 (1995). An ADI "not specified"
More informationCapillary GC Column Selection and Method Development A Primer on Column Parameters and Instrument Conditions
Capillary GC Column Selection and Method Development A Primer on Column Parameters and Instrument Conditions Michael D. Buchanan September 11, 2014 sigma-aldrich.com/analytical 2012 Sigma-Aldrich Co. All
More informationSPE Columns. Solid Phase Extraction. SPE Columns
SPE Columns Solid Phase Extraction Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a separation process by which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from other compounds in the
More informationWhite Paper. Overview: NDIR Definition:
Title: NDIR Technology Overview, Compliance, and Comparison to Other Generally Available Gas Measurement Technologies TSN Number: 06 File:\\MII- SRV1\Metron\Bridge_Analyzers\Customer_Service_Documentation\White_Papers\06
More informationRS DYNAMICS ECOPROBE 5. Portable IR/PID Gas Analyzer PID. PID and IR Analyzers
RS DYNAMICS ECOPROBE 5 Portable IR/PID Gas Analyzer PID + IR PID and IR Analyzers General ECOPROBE 5 has two autonomous analyzers in one case. The combination of analyzers provides a set of data designed
More informationSubstance identification and naming convention for hydrocarbon solvents
Version September 2017 Substance identification and naming convention for hydrocarbon solvents - 1 - INDEX Substance identification and naming convention for hydrocarbon solvents Introduction... page 3
More informationEvaluation of a New Analytical Trap for Gasoline Range Organics Analysis
Abstract Purge and Trap (P&T) is a concentration technique used for the analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The major component of any P&T system is the analytical trap. This trap is responsible
More informationAbstract: An minimalist overview of chromatography for the person who would conduct chromatographic experiments, but not design experiments.
Chromatography Primer Abstract: An minimalist overview of chromatography for the person who would conduct chromatographic experiments, but not design experiments. At its heart, chromatography is a technique
More informationAUTOMATED ONLINE IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF IMPURITIES IN GASES
JPACSM 127 AUTOMATED ONLINE IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF IMPURITIES IN GASES Trace Analytical Inc. Menlo Park, CA ABSTRACT GC based gas analyzers with Reduction Gas Detector (RGD) and Flame Ionization
More informationThe Isosorbide Mononitrate Extended-Release Tablets Revision Bulletin supersedes the currently official monograph.
Isosorbide Mononitrate Extended-Release Tablets Type of Posting Revision Bulletin Posting Date 5 Oct 2018 Official Date 8 Oct 2018 Expert Committee Chemical Medicines Monographs 2 Reason for Revision Compliance
More informationPotassium permanganate as an oxidant in the remediation of soils polluted by Bonny light crude oil
Sky Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(2), pp. 4-19, February, 2014 Available online http://www.skyjournals.org/sjssem ISSN 2315-8794 2014 Sky Journals Full Length Research Paper
More informationSPE Introduction. general chromatography. solid phase extraction. How to Choose an SPE Product. Solid-Phase Processing Methods
How to Choose an SPE Product 1. Characterize the Sample Factors such as the analyte s polarity relative to the matrix, the presence of charged functional groups, solubility, molecular weight, etc., determine
More informationTPH Methods and Measurements and Petroleum Vapor Intrusion (PVI) Risks
TPH Methods and Measurements and Petroleum Vapor Intrusion (PVI) Risks Robert Truesdale, RTI International Heidi Hayes, Eurofins Air Toxics Ian Hers, Golder Associates 1 RTI International is a trade name
More information5 Efrotomycin. [Summary of efrotomycin] ET A 2 ET A 1 ET B 2 ET B 1 C 59 H 88 N 2 O 20 MW: 1145
5 Efrotomycin H H N H N H ET A 1 ET A 2 H H N N H NH H H ET B 1 ET B 2 H C 59 H 88 N 2 20 MW: 1145 [Summary of efrotomycin] Efrotomycin (ET) is an antibiotic obtained by the incubation of Nocardia lacamduranns,
More information[ Care and Use Manual ]
Oasis HLB DISKS I. Introduction Oasis HLB is a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic-Balanced, water-wettable, reversed-phase sorbent for all your SPE needs. It is made from a specific ratio of two monomers, the hydrophilic
More informationSupplementary Note 1 : Chemical synthesis of (E/Z)-4,8-dimethylnona-2,7-dien-4-ol (4)
Supplementary Note 1 : Chemical synthesis of (E/Z)-4,8-dimethylnona-2,7-dien-4-ol (4) A solution of propenyl magnesium bromide in THF (17.5 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere was cooled in an ice bath and
More informationChem 230, Fall, 2014 Homework Set # 4 LONG ANSWER SOLUTIONS
Chem 230, Fall, 2014 Homework Set # 4 LONG ANSWER SOLUTIONS 1. Given the HPLC chromatogram below and the fact that compounds A and B, eluting at 17.1 and 22.0 min, respectively, were present at concentrations
More informationSPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER
SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER c = c: speed of light 3.00 x 10 8 m/s (lamda): wavelength (m) (nu): frequency (Hz) Increasing E (J) Increasing (Hz) E = h h - Planck s constant
More informationMethod for Characterization of Gum Rosin by Capillary Gas Chromatography
PCA TEST METHOD PCTM 27 Published 1/1 2004 1. Scope Method for Characterization of Gum Rosin by Capillary Gas Chromatography 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amounts of certain rosin
More informationCyanide Analysis of Wastewater Samples from FCC and Hydrocracking Operations
Cyanide Analysis of Wastewater Samples from FCC and Hydrocracking Operations Introduction Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a major unit operation in refineries around the world. FCC is used to convert
More informationHYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC 1501
HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC 1501 FORMULA: Table 1 MW: Table 1 CAS: Table 1 RTECS: Table 1 METHOD: 1501, Issue 3 EVALUATION: Full Issue 1: 15 August 1990 Issue 3: 15 March 2003 OSHA : Table 2 NIOSH: Table 2
More informationDRAFT Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) in Water by GC/FID
Organics Revision Date: March 6, 2015 DRAFT Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) in Water by GC/FID Parameters Analyte Symbols and EMS Codes Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (nc10-nc19) in water
More informationAnalytical Trap Comparison for USEPA Method 8260C
Analytical Trap Comparison for USEPA Method 8260C Application Note Abstract Purge and trap concentration is a technique that is used for the analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The major component
More informationApplication. Gas Chromatography March 1998
Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction with the Agilent 7683 Automatic Liquid Sampler Application Gas Chromatography March 1998 Authors Matthew S. Klee Agilent Technologies, Inc. 285 Centerville Road Wilmington,
More informationTar measurement by the Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) method
Tar measurement by the Solid Phase Adsorption (SPA) method A.J. Grootjes Presented at the 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (EU BC&E), ICC Berlin, Germany (Conference 6-10 June 2011 - Exhibition
More informationThe Suite for Environmental GC Analysis
The Suite for Environmental GC Analysis SGE Environmental GC Columns Performance Selectivity Delivery Promise www.sge.com SGE Environmental GC Columns The Suite for Environmental GC Analysis SGE GC Columns
More informationHow Lubricants Work. If a protective film were present on each of the surfaces, the surfaces could be separated:
How Lubricants Work An understanding of how lubricating systems work is crucial to the selection of a lubricant for a particular application. This essay could be summarized in one sentence: lubricants
More informationAziridine in Polymers: A Strategy to Functionalize Polymers by Ring- Opening Reaction of Aziridine
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Aziridine in Polymers: A Strategy to Functionalize
More informationAnalysis of Heavy Organic Deposits (*)
Analysis of Heavy Organic Deposits (*) D. Vazquez and G.A. Mansoori (**) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, IL, 60607 USA ABSTRACT A number
More informationDate 10/22/97 Page 1 Revision 4.1 OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY METHODS 8000/8100 (MODIFIED) DIESEL RANGE ORGANICS (DRO)
Page 1 OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION: METHODS 8000/8100 (MODIFIED) DIESEL RANGE ORGANICS (DRO) 1.1. This method is designed to measure the concentration of diesel
More informationTotal Oil Remediation and Recovery (TORR ) Remediate Hydrocarbon Contaminated Water No Additional Waste Created Abstract: Introduction:
Total Oil Remediation and Recovery (TORR ) Remediate Hydrocarbon Contaminated Water No Additional Waste Created Author M.J. Plebon (V.P. Sales EARTH (Canada) Corporation) Abstract: Hydrocarbon contamination
More informationTERTIARY BUTYLHYDROQUINONE
SYNONYMS TBHQ, INS No 319 DEFINITION TERTIARY BUTYLHYDROQUINONE Prepared at the 49th JECFA (1997), published in FNP 52 Add 5 (1997) superseding specifications prepared at the 44th JECFA (1995), published
More informationHPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24
HPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24 Outline: General and descriptive aspects of chromatographic retention and separation: phenomenological k, efficiency, selectivity. Quantitative description
More informationSaturated: Alkanes only single, covalent C-C and C-H bonds, no rings Cycloalkanes same, but contain rings
Hydrocarbons Compounds that contain only Carbon and Hydrogen Types of hydrocarbons: Saturated: Alkanes only single, covalent C-C and C-H bonds, no rings Cycloalkanes same, but contain rings Unsaturated:
More informationTechnique Experiment 1-1
Chemistry 335. Technique Experiment 1A: Separation of Benzoin and Benzil Name: Date: Benzoin 1. Physical Properties (5 points) Color R f TLC Mobile Phase Amount isolated (mg) Mass recovery (%) 2. IR Spectrum
More informationIARJSET. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2018
Effect of Changes in Precipitants Volume Ratios on Heavy Organics Precipitation from Crude Oil at Different Production Locations using binary Mixtures of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Godwin A. Udourioh* 1, 3,
More informationPHYSICAL CONSTANTS: MELTING POINTS, BOILING POINTS, DENSITY
CRYSTALLIZATION: PURIFICATION OF SOLIDS ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS: 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) A plot similar to line A in Figure 5.1 on page 559 will be obtained. The line will be slightly curved. All of the substance
More informationCHEM 3590 Final examination 2017 Instructor : Dr. Hélène Perreault Monday December 11, 1:30-4:30 pm, Frank Kennedy Gold Gym seats
CHEM 3590 Final examination 2017 Instructor : Dr. Hélène Perreault Monday December 11, 1:30-4:30 pm, Frank Kennedy Gold Gym seats 310-343 Questions 1-15 have multiple choices (50 pts). Please answer on
More informationSpectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents ECN-0025-1 INTRODUCTION This method is used to determine the concentration of ferrocyanide ion in photoprocessing solution effluents. The ion
More informationIMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS a.i.s.b.l. International Methanol Producers & Consumers Association i.v.z.w. Avenue de Tervueren 270
More informationExamining the Role of TOC Analyzers in the Pharmaceutical Laboratory
Shim adzu Scientific Instrum ents, 7102 Riverwood Drive, Columbia, MD 21046 Tel: 800.477.1227/410.381.1227; Fax: 410.381.1222; www.ssi.shimadzu.com Examining the Role of TOC Analyzers in the Pharmaceutical
More informationUSP <467> Headspace Residual Solvent Assay with a HT3 Headspace Instrument
Application Note Abstract The US Pharmacopeia recently released USP as the current monograph for determining residual solvents in pharmaceutical products by static headspace. The USP classified these
More informationMETHOD 3600C CLEANUP
METHOD 3600C CLEANUP 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 3600 provides general guidance on selection of cleanup methods that are appropriate for the target analytes of interest. Cleanup methods are applied
More information2017 Reaction of cinnamic acid chloride with ammonia to cinnamic acid amide
217 Reaction of cinnamic acid chloride with ammonia to cinnamic acid amide O O Cl NH 3 NH 2 C 9 H 7 ClO (166.6) (17.) C 9 H 9 NO (147.2) Classification Reaction types and substance classes reaction of
More informationTotal Dissolved Residue (Total Dissolved Solids, TDS) in Aqueous Matrices
Total Dissolved Residue (Total Dissolved Solids, TDS) in Aqueous Matrices Environmental Express 2345A Charleston Regional Parkway Charleston, SC 29492 800-343-5319 Table of Contents 1. Scope and Application...
More informationExperiment DE: Part II Fisher Esterification and Identification of an Unknown Alcohol
Experiment DE: Part II Fisher Esterification and Identification of an Unknown Alcohol Fisher Esterification of an Alcohol (Fraction A) On the Chem 113A website, under "Techniques" and "Videos" review the
More informationLUMEFANTRINUM LUMEFANTRINE
July 2008 LUMEFANTRINE: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (July 2008) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-second WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations
More informationHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography
Updated: 3 November 2014 Print version High Performance Liquid Chromatography David Reckhow CEE 772 #18 1 HPLC System David Reckhow CEE 772 #18 2 Instrument Basics PUMP INJECTION POINT DETECTOR COLUMN
More informationHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography
Updated: 3 November 2014 Print version High Performance Liquid Chromatography David Reckhow CEE 772 #18 1 HPLC System David Reckhow CEE 772 #18 2 1 Instrument Basics PUMP INJECTION POINT DETECTOR COLUMN
More informationSPE AND GC MS INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION
ACTA CHROMATOGRAPHICA, NO. 17, 2006 SPE AND GC MS INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION M. J. Fabiańska *, U. Skręt, and W. E. Krawczyk Department of Earth Science, University
More informationAvailable online Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(6): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4(6):3275-3279 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Development and validation of a matrix solid-phase
More informationAP Chemistry--Chapter 11: Properties of Solutions
AP Chemistry--Chapter 11: Properties of Solutions I. Solution Composition (ways of expressing concentration) 1. Qualitatively, use dilute or concentrated to describe 2. Quantitatively a. Mass Percentage
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 214 Supporting Information Rapid and sensitive detection of acrylic acid using a novel fluorescence
More information