Standards Map - Basic Comprehensive Program Grades Nine Through Twelve - Science

Transcription

1 Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall Program Title: Prentice Hall (c) 2007, (Hewitt) Components: SE - IM - LM - TR - TECH Grade Level(s): 9-12 Intended Audience: High School s Map - Basic Comprehensive Program Grad Nine Through Twelve - Pursuant to the State Board approved, Content s for California Public Schools, Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve: s that all students are expected to achieve in the course of their studi are unmarked. s that all students should have the opportunity to learn are marked with an asterisk (*). FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not DISCIPLINE PHYSICS Motion and Forc Newton s laws predict the motion of most objects. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to solve problems that involve constant speed and average speed. SE: 28, 29, 30 IM: 4-9 LM: 5-8, 9-12 SE: scr912grsm.doc 1

2 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know that when forc are balanced, no acceleration occurs; thus an object continu to move at a constant speed or stays at rt (Newton s first law) c Students know how to apply the law F = ma to solve one-dimensional motion problems that involve constant forc (Newton s second law). Book, 3; Next Qutions SE: 36, 37, 52 IM: Book, 5-6 SE: 37, 38, 39, 46, 52 IM: LM: Book, 7, 9-10, 17 SE: SE: Book, 13, 15 scr912grsm.doc 2

3 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction (Newton s third law) e Students know the relationship between the universal law of gravitation and the effect of gravity on an object at the surface of Earth. SE: 45, 46, 47, 48, 52 IM: LM: Book, 19, 21; Next Qutions SE: 40, 41, 42, 79, 80, 81 IM: 10-15, LM: 37-37, Book, 41, 43; Next SE: 44, SE: 53-56, 83, 84, 85, scr912grsm.doc 3

4 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f Students know applying a force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion caus the object to change direction but not speed (e.g., Earth s gravitational force caus a satellite in a circular orbit to change direction but not speed) g Students know circular motion requir the application of a constant force directed toward the center of the circle. Qutions SE: 86, 91, 92 IM: Book, 49-50; Next Qutions SE: 86, 91, 92 IM: Book, 49-50; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 4

5 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not h* Students know Newton s laws are not exact but provide very good approximations unls an object is moving close to the speed of light or is small enough that quantum effects are important i* Students know how to solve twodimensional trajectory problems. SE: 52 IM: Qutions SE: 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 IM: LM: 43-44, Book, 45-46, 47-48; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 5

6 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not j* Students know how to rolve twodimensional vectors into their components and calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector from its components k* Students know how to solve twodimensional problems involving balanced forc (statics). SE: 50, 51 IM: Book, 1, 23-24, 25-26, 47-48; Next Qutions SE: 46-48, 50, 51 IM: Qutions SE: 22, SE: scr912grsm.doc 6

7 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not l* Students know how to solve problems in circular motion by using the formula for centripetal acceleration in the following form: a = v 2 /r m* Students know how to solve problems involving the forc between two electric charg at a distance (Coulomb s law) or the forc between two mass at a distance (universal gravitation). SE: 86 IM: Qutions ROM SE: 79, 81, 119, 120, 121, 122 IM: LM: Book, 41; Next Qutions SE: SE: Book, 51 scr912grsm.doc 7

8 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Conservation of Energy and Momentum The laws of conservation of energy and momentum provide a way to predict and dcribe the movement of objects. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to calculate kinetic energy by using the formula E = (1/2)mv b Students know how to calculate chang in gravitational potential energy near Earth by using the formula (change in potential energy) = mgh (h is the change in the elevation). SE: 67, 69, 70 IM: Book, 39; Next Qutions SE: 66, 67 IM: Qutions SE: 68, SE: scr912grsm.doc 8

9 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how to solve problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems, such as falling objects d Students know how to calculate momentum as the product mv. SE: 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73 IM: LM: 31-32, Book, 37; Next Qutions SE: 57, 58, 70 IM: LM: 23-24, Book, 27, 29, 31, 39; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 9

10 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know momentum is a separately conserved quantity different from energy f Students know an unbalanced force on an object produc a change in its momentum. SE: 61, 62 IM: Book, 33; Next Qutions SE: 58, 59, 60 IM: LM: 23-24, Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 10

11 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not g Students know how to solve problems involving elastic and inelastic collisions in one dimension by using the principl of conservation of momentum and energy h* Students know how to solve problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems with various sourc of potential energy, such as capacitors and springs. SE: 62, 63 IM: Qutions SE: 70, 71 IM: Qutions ROM SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 11

12 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Heat and Thermodynamics Energy cannot be created or dtroyed, although in many procs energy is transferred to the environment as heat. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know heat flow and work are two forms of energy transfer between systems b Students know that the work done by a heat engine that is working in a cycle is the difference between the heat flow into the engine at high temperature and the heat flow out at a lower temperature (first law of thermodynamics) and that this is an example of the law of conservation of energy. SE: 65, 68, 69, 70, 101, 102, 104 IM: 16-22, LM: Book, 35-36; Next Qutions SE: 102 IM: Qutions SE: 72, 73, 74-77, 107, SE: 107 scr912grsm.doc 12

13 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not ROM c Students know the internal energy of an object includ the energy of random motion of the object s atoms and molecul, often referred to as thermal energy. The greater the temperature of the object, the greater the energy of motion of the atoms and molecul that make up the object d Students know that most procs tend to decrease the order of a system over time and that energy levels are eventually distributed uniformly. SE: 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 108, 111, 112, 113 IM: LM: Book, 53, 57-58, 59; Next Qutions SE: 103, 104 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 13

14 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know that entropy is a quantity that measur the order or disorder of a system and that this quantity is larger for a more disordered system f* Students know the statement Entropy tends to increase is a law of statistical probability that governs all closed systems (second law of thermodynamics). ROM SE: 103, 104 IM: Qutions SE: 102, 103 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 14

15 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not g* Students know how to solve problems involving heat flow, work, and efficiency in a heat engine and know that all real engin lose some heat to their surroundings. Wav Wav have characteristic properti that do not depend on the type of wave. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know wav carry energy from one place to another. SE: 65, 66, 68, 69, IM: LM: Book, 35; Next Qutions SE: 142, 143, 149 IM: LM: 101 Book, 75-76; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 15

16 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal wav in mechanical media, such as springs and rop, and on the earth (seismic wav) c Students know how to solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and wave speed. SE: 145 IM: Qutions SE: 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 IM: Book, SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 16

17 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know sound is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the properti of the medium in which it propagat e Students know radio wav, light, and X-rays are different wavelength bands in the spectrum of electromagnetic wav whose speed in a vacuum is approximately 3x108 m/s (186,000 mil/second). SE: 145, 146, 147, 151 IM: LM: 101, 103 Qutions SE: 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154 IM: LM: 105, , 109 Book, 77-78, 81-82; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 17

18 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f Students know how to identify the characteristic properti of wav: interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, Doppler effect, and polarization. Electric and Magnetic Phenomena Electric and magnetic phenomena are related and have many practical applications. As a basis for understanding this concept: SE: 142, 143, 150, 151, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 IM: LM: 103 Book, 75-76, 77-78, 83-84, 85-86; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 18

19 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not a Students know how to predict the voltage or current in simple direct current (DC) electric circuits constructed from batteri, wir, ristors, and capacitors b Students know how to solve problems involving Ohm s law. SE: 125, 126, 127, 135, 136 IM: LM: 73-75, 77-81, Book. 63, 65, 67; Next Qutions SE: 126, 127 IM: LM: Book, 63, 65, 67; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 19

20 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know any ristive element in a DC circuit dissipat energy, which heats the ristor. Students can calculate the power (rate of energy dissipation) in any ristive circuit element by using the formula Power = IR (potential difference) x I (current) = I 2 R d Students know the properti of transistors and the role of transistors in electric circuits e Students know charged particl are sourc of electric fields and are subject to the forc of the electric fields from other charg. SE: 126, 129, 130, 131 IM: LM: 73-75, 77-81, 83-85, Book, 63, 65, 67; Next Qutions SE: 122, 123, 124 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 20

21 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f Students know magnetic materials and electric currents (moving electric charg) are sourc of magnetic fields and are subject to forc arising from the magnetic fields of other sourc h Students know how to determine the direction of a magnetic field produced by a current flowing in a straight wire or in a coil. SE: 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137 IM: LM: 87-90, 91-93, 95-97, Book, 69, 71; Next Qutions SE: 132 IM: LM: Book, 69, 71; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 21

22 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not h Students know changing magnetic fields produce electric fields, thereby inducing currents in nearby conductors i Students know plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions or free electrons or both and conduct electricity j* Students know electric and magnetic fields contain energy and act as vector force fields. SE: 124, 125 IM: LM: 65, 66, Book, 73; Next Qutions LM: 63, 64 * SE: scr912grsm.doc 22

23 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not k* Students know the force on a charged particle in an electric field is qe, where E is the electric field at the position of the particle and q is the charge of the particle l* Students know how to calculate the electric field rulting from a point charge m* Students know static electric fields have as their source some arrangement of electric charg. SE: 135 IM: Qutions SE: 122 IM: Qutions ROM SE: 122 IM: Qutions SE: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 23

24 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not n* Students know the magnitude of the force on a moving particle (with charge q) in a magnetic field is qvb sin(a), where a is the angle between v and B (v and B are the magnitud of vectors v and B, rpectively), and students use the right-hand rule to find the direction of this force o* Students know how to apply the concepts of electrical and gravitational potential energy to solve problems involving conservation of energy. DISCIPLINE CHEMISTRY Book, 69 SE: , 124 IM: Book, 61; Next Qutions : SE: scr912grsm.doc 24

25 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Atomic and Molecular Structure The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properti of the elements relat to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass b Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. SE: 167, 168, 172, 173, 174, 228, 229, 230, 231 IM: 56-61, Book, 89; Next Qutions SE: 167, 168, 229, 230, 231 IM: 56-61, SE: , SE: , scr912grsm.doc 25

26 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how to use the periodic table to identify alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals, trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative siz of ions and atoms d Students know how to use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons available for bonding. Qutions SE: , 229, 230, 232 IM: 56-61, Qutions SE: 167, 168, 184, 185, 186, 250, 251 IM: 56-61, LM: SE: , SE: , scr912grsm.doc 26

27 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know the nucleus of the atom is much smaller than the atom yet contains most of its mass. Book, 89, 107, 109, 121 SE: , 171, 172 IM: LM: Book, 89; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 27

28 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know how to use the periodic table to identify the lanthanide, actinide, and transactinide elements and know that the transuranium elements were synthized and identified in laboratory experiments through the use of nuclear accelerators g* Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its quantum electron configuration and to its reactivity with other elements in the table. SE: 167, 168, 232, 233 IM: 56-61, Qutions SE: 167, 168, 184, 185, 186, 241, 242, 243, 248 IM: 56-61, Book, 107, 119; Next Qutions SE: , SE: , scr912grsm.doc 28

29 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not h* Students know the experimental basis for Thomson s discovery of the electron, Rutherford s nuclear atom, Millikan s oil drop experiment, and Einstein s explanation of the photoelectric effect i* Students know the experimental basis for the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure and the historical importance of the Bohr model of the atom. SE: 162, 163, 201 IM: Qutions SE: 177, 178, 179, 180, 183 IM: Book, 121, 122, 129; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 29

30 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not j* Students know that spectral lin are the rult of transitions of electrons between energy levels and that the lin corrpond to photons with a frequency related to the energy spacing between levels by using Planck s relationship (E = hv). Chemical Bonds Biological, chemical, and physical properti of matter rult from the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forc between electrons and protons and between atoms and molecul. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know atoms combine to form molecul by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. SE: 175, 176, 177 IM: LM: Qutions ROM SE: 226, 227, 228 IM: Book, 103, 105, 119, 125; Next SE: SE: LM: scr912grsm.doc 30

31 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know chemical bonds between atoms in molecul such as H 2, CH 4, NH 3, H 2 CCH 2, N 2, Cl 2, and many large biological molecul are covalent c Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction. Qutions SE: 247 IM: Book, 119, 121, 122; Next Qutions SE: 243, 244, 245, 246, 270, 271 IM: 74-79, SE: SE: , scr912grsm.doc 31

32 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know the atoms and molecul in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forc are too weak to hold the atoms or molecul in a solid form e Students know how to draw Lewis dot structur. Qutions SE: 222, 224 IM: Qutions : SE: 242, 248 IM: LM: Qutions SE: SE: , 269 scr912grsm.doc 32

33 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know how to predict the shape of simple molecul and their polarity from Lewis dot structur g* Students know how electronegativity and ionization energy relate to bond formation. SE: 249, 250, 252 IM: LM: , , Book, 119 SE: 242, 243, 250 IM: Book, 107, 109, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 33

34 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not h* Students know how to identify solids and liquids held together by Van der Waals forc or hydrogen bonding and relate the forc to volatility and boiling/melting point temperatur. Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to dcribe chemical reactions by writing balanced equations. SE: 252, 253, 254 IM: Qutions SE: 265, 266 IM: Book, 127 SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 34

35 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams c Students know one mole equals 6.02x10 23 particl (atoms or molecul). SE: 259 IM: Qutions SE: 259 IM: Qutions ROM SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 35

36 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know how to determine the molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic mass and how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to mol, number of particl, or volume of gas at standard temperature and prsure e Students know how to calculate the mass of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic mass f* Students know how to calculate percent yield in a chemical reaction g* Students know how to identify reactions that involve oxidation and reduction and how to balance oxidation-reduction reactions. SE: 259 IM: Qutions SE: 259 IM: Qutions SE: 267, 276, 277, 280, 281 IM: SE: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 36

37 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Gas and their Properti The kinetic molecular theory dcrib the motion of atoms and molecul and explains the properti of gas. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the random motion of molecul and their collisions with a surface create the observable prsure on that surface b Students know the random motion of molecul explains the diffusion of gas. Qutions SE: 220, 221, 222 IM: Book, 243 SE: 221, 222 IM: Book, 243; SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 37

38 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how to apply the gas laws to relations between the prsure, temperature, and volume of any amount of an ideal gas or any mixture of ideal gas d Students know the valu and meanings of standard temperature and prsure (STP) e Students know how to convert between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scal. Next Qutions Book, 243 Book, 243 SE: 99 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 38

39 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f Students know there is no temperature lower than 0 Kelvin g* Students know the kinetic theory of gas relat the absolute temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its molecul or atoms h* Students know how to solve problems by using the ideal gas law in the form PV = nrt. SE: 100, 101 IM: Qutions SE: 98, 99, 223 IM: Book, 243 Book, 243 SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 39

40 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not i* Students know how to apply Dalton s law of partial prsur to dcribe the composition of gas and Graham s law to predict diffusion of gas. Acids and Bas Acids, bas, and salts are three class of compounds that form ions in water solutions. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the observable properti of acids, bas, and salt solutions. SE: 221, 222 IM: Qutions SE: 267, 268, 271, 272 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 40

41 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know acids are hydrogen-iondonating and bas are hydrogen-ionaccepting substanc c Students know strong acids and bas fully dissociate and weak acids and bas partially dissociate d Students know how to use the ph scale to characterize acid and base SE: IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 270 IM: Qutions SE: 272, 273 IM: SE: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 41

42 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not solutions. LM: Qutions e* Students know the Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid base definitions f* Students know how to calculate ph from the hydrogen-ion concentration. SE: 267, 268 IM: Book, SE: 272, 273 IM: LM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 42

43 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not g* Students know buffers stabilize ph in acid base reactions. Solutions Solutions are homogenous mixtur of two or more substanc. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the definitions of solute and solvent b Students know how to dcribe the dissolving procs at the molecular level by using the concept of random molecular motion. SE: 258 IM: Book, 115; Next Qutions SE: 258, 259, 260 IM: Book, 115; SE: SE: LM: scr912grsm.doc 43

44 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know temperature, prsure, and surface area affect the dissolving procs d Students know how to calculate the concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molality, parts per million, and percent composition. Next Qutions SE: 259, 260 IM: Book, 115; Next Qutions SE: 260 IM: LM: , Book, 115; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 44

45 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e* Students know the relationship between the molality of a solute in a solution and the solution s deprsed freezing point or elevated boiling point f* Students know how molecul in a solution are separated or purified by the methods of chromatography and distillation. LM: 155 Chemical Thermodynamics Energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical chang of matter. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to dcribe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecul (or atoms). SE: 98, 102, 103 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 45

46 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know chemical procs can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy c Students know energy is released when a material condens or freez and is absorbed when a material evaporat or melts. SE: 284, 285, 286, 287, 288 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 100 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 46

47 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know how to solve problems involving heat flow and temperature chang, using known valu of specific heat and latent heat of phase change e* Students know how to apply Hs s law to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction f* Students know how to use the Gibbs free energy equation to determine whether a reaction would be spontaneous. Reaction Rat Chemical reaction rat depend on factors that influence the frequency of collision of reactant molecul. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the rate of reaction is the decrease in concentration of reactants or the increase in concentration of products with time. SE: 105, 107 IM: LM: 49-50, 51-53, Qutions SE: 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 IM: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 47

48 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know how reaction rat depend on such factors as concentration, temperature, and prsure. Qutions SE: 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 IM: Qutions SE: c Students know the role a catalyst plays in increasing the reaction rate. SE: 285 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 48

49 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d* Students know the definition and role of activation energy in a chemical reaction. Chemical EquilibriumChemical equilibrium is a dynamic procs at the molecular level. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to use LeChatelier s principle to predict the effect of chang in concentration, temperature, and prsure. ROM SE: 283 IM: Book, 129, 130; Next Qutions SE: 281, 282, 283 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 49

50 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not ROM b Students know equilibrium is tablished when forward and reverse reaction rat are equal c* Students know how to write and calculate an equilibrium constant exprsion for a reaction. Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry The bonding characteristics of carbon allow the formation of many different organic molecul of varied siz, shap, and chemical properti and provide the bio-chemical basis of life. As a basis for understanding this concept: SE: 265, 266 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 50

51 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not a Students know large molecul (polymers), such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starch, are formed by repetitive combinations of simple subunits b Students know the bonding characteristics of carbon that rult in the formation of a large variety of structur ranging from simple hydrocarbons to complex polymers and biological molecul. SE: 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312 IM: LM: Book, 137; Next Qutions SE: 294, 295, 296, 297 IM: Book, 135; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 51

52 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know amino acids are the building blocks of proteins d* Students know the system for naming the ten simplt linear hydrocarbons and isomers that contain single bonds, simple hydrocarbons with double and triple bonds, and simple molecul that contain a benzene ring. SE: 322, 353, 354, 355 IM: Qutions SE: 294, 295, 297 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 52

53 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e* Students know how to identify the functional groups that form the basis of alcohols, keton, ethers, amin, ters, aldehyd, and organic acids f* Students know the R-group structure of amino acids and know how they combine to form the polypeptide backbone structure of proteins. SE: 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304, 305 IM: LM: 167, 168 Qutions SE: 322 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 53

54 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Nuclear Procs Nuclear procs are those in which an atomic nucleus chang, including radioactive decay of naturally occurring and human-made isotop, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by nuclear forc that overcome the electromagnetic repulsion between the protons. SE:170, 171, 172, 173, 196, 197 IM: 56-61, Book, 89; Next Qutions SE: , scr912grsm.doc 54

55 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know the energy release per gram of material is much larger in nuclear fusion or fission reactions than in chemical reactions. The change in mass (calculated by E = mc 2 ) is small but significant in nuclear reactions c Students know some naturally occurring isotop of elements are radioactive, as are isotop formed in nuclear reactions. SE: 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210 IM: LM: Book, 95, 97; Next Qutions; SE: 193, 194, 199, 200, 202, 203 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 55

56 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know the three most common forms of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma) and know how the nucleus chang in each type of decay e Students know alpha, beta, and gamma radiation produce different amounts and kinds of damage in matter and have different penetrations. SE: 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 199, 200, 202, 203 IM: LM: Book, 91-92, 97 SE: 191, 192, 193 IM: Book, 91-92; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 56

57 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know how to calculate the amount of a radioactive substance remaining after an integral number of half liv have passed g* Students know protons and neutrons have substructur and consist of particl called quarks. DISCIPLINE BIOLOGY/LIFE SCIENCES Cell Biology The fundamental life procs of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: SE: 198, 199, 202, 203 IM: LM: Book, 93; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 57

58 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not a Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable membran that regulate their interaction with their surroundings b Students know enzym are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activiti of enzym depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the ph of the surroundings. SE: 327, 328, 328, 330, 332, 332, 333 IM: LM: , Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 337, 338 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 58

59 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and virus differ in complexity and general structure d Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlin the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosom in the cytoplasm. SE: 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 351, 352, 353, 354,.355 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 59

60 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins f Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthis of sugar from carbon dioxide. SE: 323, 327, 328 IM: Qutions SE: 328, 329, 340, 341 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 60

61 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not g Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide h Students know most macromolecul (polysaccharid, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthized from a small collection of simple precursors. SE: 323, 324, 328, 336, 341, 342, 343 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 321, 322 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 61

62 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not i* Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production j* Students know how eukaryotic cells are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both. SE: 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343 IM: SE: 323 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 62

63 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Genetics Mutation and sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation in a population. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction in which the pairs of chromosom separate and segregate randomly during cell division to produce gamet containing one chromosome of each type b Students know only certain cells in a multicellular organism undergo meiosis. SE: 355, 356 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 355, 356 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 63

64 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how random chromosome segregation explains the probability that a particular allele will be in a gamete d Students know new combinations of allel may be generated in a zygote through the fusion of male and female gamet (fertilization) e Students know why approximately half of an individual s DNA sequence com from each parent. SE: 357 IM: Qutions SE: 349, 357 IM: Qutions SE: 349, 357 IM: Qutions SE: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 64

65 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f Students know the role of chromosom in determining an individual s sex g Students know how to predict possible combinations of allel in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents. SE: 349 IM: Qutions SE: 356, 357, 358 IM: LM: , Book, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 65

66 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not A multicellular organism develops from a single zygote, and its phenotype depends on its genotype, which is tablished at fertilization. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how to predict the probable outcome of phenotyp in a genetic cross from the genotyp of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recsive) b Students know the genetic basis for Mendel s laws of segregation and independent assortment. SE: 348, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360 IM: LM: , Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 357 IM: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 66

67 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c* Students know how to predict the probable mode of inheritance from a pedigree diagram showing phenotyp d* Students know how to use data on frequency of recombination at meiosis to timate genetic distanc between loci and to interpret genetic maps of chromosom. Qutions SE: 362 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 67

68 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Gen are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the general pathway by which ribosom synthize proteins, using trnas to translate genetic information in mrna b Students know how to apply the genetic coding rul to predict the sequence of amino acids from a sequence of codons in RNA. SE: 351, 352, 353, 354, 355 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 353 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 68

69 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the exprsion of the gene or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein d Students know specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene exprsion rather than to differenc of the gen themselv e Students know proteins can differ from one another in the number and sequence of amino acids. SE: 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368 IM: Qutions SE: 353, 354 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 69

70 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know why proteins having different amino acid sequenc typically have different shap and chemical properti The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into the cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the general structur and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. SE: 354 IM: Qutions : SE: 349, 350, 353, 354 IM: Book, 94-97; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 70

71 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know how to apply basepairing rul to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mrna c Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel biomedical and agricultural products. SE: 351 IM: book, ; Next Qutions SE: 361, 363 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 71

72 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d* Students know how basic DNA technology (rtriction digtion by endonucleas, gel electrophoris, ligation, and transformation) is used to construct recombinant DNA molecul e* Students know how exogenous DNA can be inserted into bacterial cells to alter their genetic makeup and support exprsion of new protein products. SE: 363 IM: Qutions SE: 363 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 72

73 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Ecology Stability in an ecosystem is a balance between competing effects. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms and is affected by alterations of habitats b Students know how to analyze chang in an ecosystem rulting from chang in climate, human activity, introduction of nonnative speci, or chang in population size. SE: 475, 476, 480, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488 IM: Book, 183, 185; Next Qutions SE: 492, 493 IM: Book, 186; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 73

74 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how fluctuations in population size in an ecosystem are determined by the relative rat of birth, immigration, emigration, and death d Students know how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiotic rourc and organic matter in the ecosystem and how oxygen cycl through photosynthis and rpiration. SE: 477, 478, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498 IM: LM: , Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 490, 491 IM: Book, 185; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 74

75 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers f Students know at each link in a food web some energy is stored in newly made structur but much energy is dissipated into the environment as heat. This dissipation may be reprented in an energy pyramid. SE: 477, 481, 482 IM: Book, 183, 184; Next Qutions SE: 478, 481, 482, 483, 484 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 75

76 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not g* Students know how to distinguish between the accommodation of an individual organism to its environment and the gradual adaptation of a lineage of organisms through genetic change. Evolution The frequency of an allele in a gene pool of a population depends on many factors and may be stable or unstable over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know why natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism. SE: 381, 382, 383 IM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 386 IM: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 76

77 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know why allel that are lethal in a homozygous individual may be carried in a heterozygote and thus maintained in a gene pool c Students know new mutations are constantly being generated in a gene pool. LM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 385 IM: Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 77

78 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know variation within a speci increas the likelihood that at least some members of a speci will survive under changed environmental conditions e* Students know the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population and why the conditions are not likely to appear in nature f* Students know how to solve the Hardy- Weinberg equation to predict the frequency of genotyp in a population, given the frequency of phenotyp Evolution is the rult of genetic chang that occur in constantly changing environments. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how natural selection determin the differential survival of groups of organisms. SE: 377, 385 IM: LM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 378, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 386 IM: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 78

79 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know a great diversity of speci increas the chance that at least some organisms survive major chang in the environment c Students know the effects of genetic drift on the diversity of organisms in a population. LM: Book, ; Next Qutions SE: 389 IM: Qutions SE: 385 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 79

80 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know reproductive or geographic isolation affects speciation e Students know how to analyze fossil evidence with regard to biological diversity, episodic speciation, and mass extinction. SE: 387, 388, 389 IM: Book, 161; Next Qutions SE: 375, 376, 393, 394 IM: LM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 80

81 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know how to use comparative embryology, DNA or protein sequence comparisons, and other independent sourc of data to create a branching diagram (cladogram) that shows probable evolutionary relationships g* Students know how several independent molecular clocks, calibrated against each other and combined with evidence from the fossil record, can help to timate how long ago various groups of organisms diverged evolutionarily from one another. SE: 392, 393, 394 IM: LM: Qutions SE: 393, 394, 395, 402, 403, 404, 405 IM: , Book, 163; Next Qutions SE: SE: , scr912grsm.doc 81

82 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Physiology As a rult of the coordinated structur and functions of organ systems, the internal environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) dpite chang in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provid cells with oxygen and nutrients and remov toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. SE: 453, 454, 455, 457, 458 IM: LM: , book, 177, 179; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 82

83 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not b Students know how the nervous system mediat communication between different parts of the body and the body s interactions with the environment c Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body. SE: 430, 431, 432, 436, 437 IM: Book, 167; Next Qutions SE: 433, 443, 444 IM: SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 83

84 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not d Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impuls e Students know the rol of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in sensation, thought, and rponse. SE: 434, 435, 436, 437, 438 IM: Book, 170, 171; Next Qutions SE: 432, 433, 440, 442, 443 IM: LM: Book, 173; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 84

85 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not f* Students know the individual functions and sit of secretion of digtive enzym (amylas, proteas, nucleas, lipas), stomach acid, and bile salts g* Students know the homeostatic role of the kidneys in the removal of nitrogenous wast and the role of the liver in blood detoxification and glucose balance. SE: 459, 460 IM: Book, 179; Next Qutions SE: 430, 464, 465 IM: , Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: SE: , scr912grsm.doc 85

86 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not h* Students know the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, including the rol of actin, myosin, Ca +2, and ATP i* Students know how hormon (including digtive, reproductive, osmoregulatory) provide internal feedback mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level and in whole organisms. SE: 448, 449 IM: Book, 175; Next Qutions SE: 443, 444, 445 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 86

87 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. As a basis for understanding the human immune rponse: a Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defens against infection b Students know the role of antibodi in the body s rponse to infection. SE: 466 IM: Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: 467, 468, 469 IM: Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 87

88 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseas d Students know there are important differenc between bacteria and virus with rpect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body s primary defens against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of the infections. SE: 469 IM: Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: 424, 425 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 88

89 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign f* Students know the rol of phagocyt, B-lymphocyt, and T-lymphocyt in the immune system. DISCIPLINE EARTH SCIENCES SE: 469, 471 IM: Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: 468, 469 IM: Book, 181; Next Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 89

90 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Earth's Place in the Universe Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the solar system s structure, scale, and change over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know how the differenc and similariti among the sun, the terrtrial planets, and the gas planets may have been tablished during the formation of the solar system b Students know the evidence from Earth and moon rocks indicat that the solar system was formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas approximately 4.6 billion years ago. SE: 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639 IM: LM: , Book, 229; Next Qutions SE: 630, 631 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 90

91 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not c Students know the evidence from geological studi of Earth and other planets suggt that the early Earth was very different from Earth today d Students know the evidence indicating that the planets are much closer to Earth than the stars are. SE: 505, 506 Qutions SE: 649, 650, 651 IM: LM: Book, 233; Next Qutions SE: scr912grsm.doc 91

92 # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not e Students know the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium f Students know the evidence for the dramatic effects that asteroid impacts have had in shaping the surface of planets and their moons and in mass extinctions of life on Earth g* Students know the evidence for the existence of planets orbiting other stars. SE: 633, 634 IM: Qutions SE: 644, 645, 646 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 92

93 PUBLISHER CITATIONS** Meets FOR LEA USE ONLY # Sourc Sourc Evaluation Not Earth-based and space-based astronomy reveal the structure, scale, and chang in stars, galaxi, and the universe over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a Students know the solar system is located in an outer edge of the discshaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years b Students know galaxi are made of billions of stars and comprise most of the visible mass of the universe. SE: 627, 628, 629 IM: LM: Qutions SE: 660, 661, 662 IM: Qutions SE: SE: scr912grsm.doc 93