Overview of NRC Photometry and Radiometry Measurement Services
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1 Overview of NRC Photometry and Radiometry Measurement Services Nelson Rowell Measurement Science and Standards National Research Council of Canada Personalize with title, slogan or I/B/P name in master slide
2 Photometry and Radiometry within the Measurement Science and Standards Portfolio at the National Research Council Programs Measurement Science for Emerging Technologies Metrology for Industry and Society Scientific Support for the National Measurement System Groups Biotoxins Metrology Chemical Metrology Electrical Power Measurements Electrical Standards Frequency and Time Ionizing Radiation Standards Mechanical Metrology Photometry, Radiometry & Thermometry (PRT) Measurement Science and Standards 2
3 Photometry and Radiometry Measurement Services Service Areas Radiometry Spectroradiometry/Photometry Radiation Thermometry Spectrophotometry Emerging Areas If you'd like more: PR Measurement Course Oct. Measurement Science and Standards 3
4 Radiometry measurement services Team: Charlie Bamber, Rick Gerson and TeamCryorad (Jeff, Éric, Andrew) Detector/Photometer Calibrations Properties Responsivity, temperature coefficients, linearity, uniformity, angular dependence, UV meters Range nm Types of detectors - CW mode Traceability - cryorad link Quality system Applications/clients Measurement Science and Standards 4
5 SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS : BROADBAND SOURCES & MONOCHROMATORS MONOCHROMATOR SOURCE FILTER WHEEL DETECTORS MIRRORS SHUTTER ADVANTAGES : WIDE SPECTRAL COVERAGE, ANY STEP SIZE, FULLY AUTOMATED DISADVANTAGE : NOT AS ACCURATE AS LASER-BASED SYSTEMS MONOCHROMATOR-BASED CALIBRATIONS AT PRIMARY LEVEL ( CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER ) SECONDARY LEVEL ( ESR, TRANSFER STANDARDS, INTERCOMPARISONS ) DISSEMINATION LEVEL ( ROUTINE DETECTOR CALIBRATIONS ) A B Measurement Science and Standards 5
6 NRC CRYORADIOMETER SYSTEM CRYO- RAD Sources Secondary Radiometer Monochromators Measurement Science and Standards 6
7 SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY APPARATUS ( 200 nm nm ) MONOCHROMATOR HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS TURNTABLE WORKING STANDARD ORDER SORTING FILTERS TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP XENON ARC LAMP TEST DETECTORS F/9 beam ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTOR S test (λ) = S ref (λ) I test / I ref Measurement Science and Standards 7
8 SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY MEASUREMENTS : REFERENCE DETECTORS & SPECTRAL RANGES 1.3 Responsivity / amps per watt SILICON PHOTODIODES GERMANIUM PHOTODIODES INDIUM ANTIMONIDE PHOTODIODES 0.1 PtSi Wavelength / nm Measurement Science and Standards 8
9 Spectroradiometry measurement services Team: Arnold Gaertner, Jeff Lundeen, Éric Côté Facilities Traceability - world-mean scale High temperature black body Quality system Properties Types of sources - Incandescent, LED Applications/clients Spectroradiometry Spectral irradiance lamp standards nm Spectral radiance source standards nm - spectroradiometers - irradiance - radiance Measurement Science and Standards 9
10 Photometry measurement services Team: Arnold Gaertner, Jeff Lundeen, Éric Côté Traceability - NRC absolute radiometer Quality system Photometry of Incandescent Lamps total luminous flux (lumen standards) luminous intensity standards illuminance standards colour temperature lamp aging Calibration of Photometric Instruments and Sources - illuminance meters - luminance meters - luminance sources Measurement Science and Standards 10
11 Quantum radiometry measurement services Team: Jeff Lundeen, Charlie Bamber, Rick Gerson Facilities Correlated photon measurements Traceability Applications/clients Measurement Science and Standards 11
12 Spectrophotometry measurement services Team: Joanne Zwinkels, Mario Noël, Éric Côté, Réjean Baribeau, Bill Neil, Nelson Rowell Facilities Traceability / mutual recognition arrangement Quality system Properties measured Types of samples Applications/clients Measurement Science and Standards 12
13 Spectrophotometry Reference Spectrophotometer Uncertainty: 2.5 parts in nm Measurement Science and Standards 13
14 Spectrophotometry Calibration Services nm, cm -1 Regular Reflectance and Transmittance Best meas. capability 0.2% T(Φ, Φ); Φ = 0º, ± 60º R(Φ, Φ); Φ = 7.5º 15º 75º (s- and p-polarized) Calibrated reflectance standards Colorimetric calculations M. Noël Measurement Science and Standards 14
15 Spectrophotometry: Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance UV-VIS-NIR: nm MIR: cm -1 T(0º/ d): UV-VIS-NIR and MIR R(8º/d), R(8º/t): UV-VIS-NIR R(0º/d), R(15º/t): MIR R(0º/45º): nm ISO Brightness, R(d/ 0º) (ISO 2469) M. Noël Measurement Science and Standards 15
16 Goniometric Measurements Gloss: 20, 60, 85 (ISO 2813, ASTM D523) - Paints, ceramics, textiles 75 (ISO , DIN method) 75 (ISO , TAPPI method) Spectroradiometer Source Robot BRDF: Metallic, diffuse, thin films Measurement Science and Standards 16
17 NRC Fluorescence Facilities & Activities Intercomparisons: Facilities: NIST-BAM-PTB-NRC comparison of spectral emission (8 dyes) Reference Spectrofluorimeter 45 o :0 Research: Weak NIR fluorescence of ceramic color standards Goniospectrofluorimeter Impact on spectrophotometric calibrations Measurement Science and Standards 17
18 NRC Fluorescence Calibration Services Total Spectral Radiance Factors R T (45ºa:0º); R T = R R + R F Emission: 300 to 850 nm (250 to 1050 nm ) Selected illuminants (D65, C,A, D50,custom) Comply with ASTM, CIE and ISO Standards Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Measurement 04/06/2012 Science and Standards 18 18
19 Fluorescence Research Impact on Standardization Japanese Opal Glass Reflectance Standard 2.5E E E E-04 Normalized Bispectral Luminescent Radiance Factor Impact: Canadian industry discontinued use of this opal glass as transfer standard 5.0E E Emission λ (nm) Excitation λ (nm) Measurement Science and Standards 19
20 Infrared Transmittance Standards NG11 glass 1mm thick 2000 to 4000 cm -1 (5000 to 2500 nm) Regular Transmittance Wavenumber Values (cm -1 ) Wavenumber cm -1 Transmittance Uncertainty (95% Confidence Level) % ±0.18% % ±0.08% % ±0.12% % ±0.06% % ±0.08% % ±0.07% % ±0.01% Measurement Science and Standards 20
21 IR Reflectance - Variable Angle M2 Reflectometer - nearretro-reflection M3 M1 Input Beam Sample & mirror tandem rotated - 10 o to 80 o Exit Beam Relative to Au coated mirrors calibrated with VW Polarization effects > 10 o Sample M4 ~105 o Measurement Science and Standards 21
22 III-V Material Structure Wafer with Epilayers Incident Beam f/4 E p E s Reflected Beam Reflectance - Phonons InP InGaAs Superlattice Very thin (< 1 nm) InGaAs layers spaced with InP Measurement Science and Standards 22
23 THz Reflectance - Monolayer Thick Layers 1.0 s-polarized 0.8 Thickness = 0.25 nm Reflectance - Ratio MQW In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/InP InGaAs Thick = 0.25 nm Period Thick = 22 nm Number Periods = 40 Angle 60 o p-polarized Interface - LO Substrate LO Phonon/Plasmon InAs TO InAs LO GaAs TO InGaAs Modes InP undoped TO InP undoped LO Wavenumber Value - cm -1 Measurement Science and Standards 23
24 IR Reflectance - Diffuse & Total Sphere reflectometer - Diffuse Reflectance Complete hemispherical integration Edward's configuration Sample mounted at sphere center Regular component included or not Reference Tilt 15 o - axis through entrance port center First reflection from sphere wall Diffuse gold coating R > 90 % - 2 µm to 20 µm Measurement Science and Standards 24
25 Intercomparison: IR Total Reflectance Total Reflectance - NPL SRM's NPL 032/97 Flame Sprayed Aluminum 0.32 nplhir2.spc NPL 033/97 Flame Sprayed Aluminum + Dacrylate nplmer2.spc NPLNPLLo NRCNPLLo NISTNPLLo NPL 034/97 Nextel Black Velvet Paint (3M) npllor2.spc Wavenumber cm -1 Original NPL data and later data from NIST and NRC. NPL - hemiellipsoidal reflectometer in dispersive spectrophotometer NIST & NRC used integrating spheres with FT-IR Agreement between NPL, NIST and NRC within combined uncertainty Angles of incidence: 15 o, 12 o, and 10 o for NRC, NIST, and NPL NIST : wall mounted sample NRC: center mount Measurement Science and Standards 25
26 Radiation thermometry measurement services Team: Don Woods, Andrew Todd Facilities Services Temperatures measured Research Measurement Science and Standards 26
27 Large Aperture Blackbody Sources Fixed Point Variable Temperature Indium C Tin C Zinc C Aluminum C Silver C Alcohol Bath 40 to 10 C Water Bath 5 to 90 C Water Heat Pipe 50 to 250 C Cesium Heat Pipe 300 to 660 C Sodium Heat Pipe 660 to 1000 C Graphite Furnace 800 to 2500 C Measurement Science and Standards 27
28 High Temperature Facility HT Source LP3 Pyrometer Measurement Science and Standards 28
29 Mid and Low-Temperature Facility Large Aperture Blackbody Sources Measurement Science and Standards 29
30 Services - Radiation Thermometry Calibrations Industries Cal Service Medical High Temperature Manufacturing Precision Thermometry Equipment Manufacturing Improve the capability for radiation thermometers Calculate blackbody effective emissivity Realize and maintain ITS-90 above 962 C Measurement Science and Standards 30
31 Radiation Thermometry Research Activities Develop high temperature fixed points (HTFPs) (1324 C to 2474 C and higher) Measure thermodynamic melting temperature of HTFPs - traceable to the cryoradiometer Measurement Science and Standards 31
32 Emerging areas for measurement services Future P&R services Surface enhanced spectrophotometry Quantum optical metrology IR chemical imaging High temperature eutectics Measurement Science and Standards 32
33 Surface Enhanced Raman and IR (SERS & SEIRA) SERS, SEIRA - Plasmonics Metal nano particles and quantum dots Applications on the rise: 40,636 publications and more to come Measurement Science and Standards 33
34 Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle Spectroscopy nm 2 Scattering (arb. units) nm Wavelength (nm) Measurement Science and Standards 34
35 SERS for Biosensing and Bioimaging (a) (b) (c) 488 nm 2 µm 2 µm Measurement Science and Standards 35
36 SUMMARY Metrology Services Radiometry Spectroradiometry Photometry Radiation Thermometry Spectrophotometry Emerging Areas Pair Production Rate P s i Rate of clicksr s η s Coincidence Rate AND R s i η i Rate of clicks R i Measurement Science and Standards 36
37 NRC Calibration Services Spectrophotometry Reflectance, transmittance and wavelength standards (UV-VIS-NIR), MIR Colorimetry of materials Specular gloss, BRDF Fluorescent surface colour Measurement Science and Standards 37
38 Plasmonic Nanoparticles Lee et al., Plasmonics, 4, 9-22 (2009) Rayleigh scattering images of dispersed Au NPs Measurement Personalize with Science title, slogan and Standards or I/B/P name 38
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