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1 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR EI 2302 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS QUESTION BANK UNIT I COLORIMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Part A 1. State Lambert s law. 2. State Beer s law. 3. State Lambert-Beer law. 4. State the major process involved in AAS. 5. Name the types of detectors used for IR spectrometry. 6. Define spectroscopy. 7. Name the different types of spectrophotometers. 8. What are the light sources used for AAS? 9. Give any two applications of flame emission spectrometry. 10. Specify the classification of IR region of spectrum. 11. Name the instruments used in IR spectrometry. 12. Name few IR radiation sources. 13. Give the advantages of grating monochromators 14. Give 4 different techniques used for sampling of solids. 15. Name two different types of IR spectrometers 16. Give the advantages and disadvantages of Fourier transform IR spectrometers. 17. Specify the major design requirements of monochromators. 18. Name the different mountings used in grating monochromators. 19. Name the factors on which the radiant power received by a detector depends. 20. State the principle of operation of flame emission spectrometry. Unit-I Part B 1. Explain flame emission photometer with its instrumentation. 2. Explain mono-chromators and detectors. 3. Explain about photo multiplier tube. 4. Explain Fourier transform infra-red spectrometers. 5. Explain different radiation source in absorption spectrophotometry. 6. Explain the working principle of various radiation sources and detectors in IR Spectrophotometers. With a neat diagram, explain the instrumentation setup of Atomic absorption spectroscopy (MAY 2013) 7. With a neat sketch, explain the instrumentation setup and working principle of IR spectrometer. (May 2013) 8. Draw and Explain the schematic diagram of a typical double beam spectrophotometer.

2 (Nov 2013) 9. What are non-dispersive spectrophotometers? Explain in detail the FTIR spectrometer. Also specify the advantages of the FTIR spectrophotometer. (Nov 2013) 10. State and derive Beer s law from basic principles. Discuss the limitations of it. 1. Define chromatography. UNIT II CHROMATOGRAPHY PART-A 2. What are the different types of gas chromatography?. 3. Define retention time in a chromatography 4. What are the different parts of gas chromatography? 5. Give the selection criteria for carrier gas. 6. Write short notes about gas chromatographic column. 7. What is pyrolysis in gas chromatography? 8. List some detectors in gas chromatography. 9. Give the principle of Gas-Solid chromatography. 10. Give the principle of Gas-Liquid chromatography. 11. What are the advantages of gas chromatography? 12. Write the features of thermal conductivity detector. 13. On what factor does the choice of detector will depend on liquid chromatography? 14. What are the limitations of bulk property detector? 15. Write the limitations of gas chromatography 16. What are the different types of liquid chromatography? 17. Name the different types of pumps used for mobile-phase delivery system in liquid chromatography 18. What are the different types of columns used in liquid chromatography. 19. Write short notes on thin layer chromatography (TLC) 20. What are the typical column applications in liquid solid chromatography? PART-B

3 1. Draw the schematic diagram of a gas chromatography and explain the different parts in Gas chromatography.(may 2013), (Nov 2013) 2. Describe a gas liquid chromatography with a schematic diagram. Explain how it works. 3. Give a typical chromatogram. Discuss some applications of gas liquid chromatography. 4. Explain in detail the following detectors used in Gas Chromatography. a).thermal conductivity detector b).flame ionization detector 5. With a neat schematic diagram discuss the separation principle of HPLC. (May 2013) 6. What are the requirements of HPLC pumping system and enumerate the application of HPLC. 7. Give in detail the classification of chromatography. Explain liquid chromatography. Chromatography 8. Explain various detectors used in liquid chromatography. 9. Explain about Refractive index detector and electrochemical detector 10. Explain with neat diagram about flame photometric detector, photo ionization detector and electron capture detector. UNIT III INDUSTRIAL GAS ANALYSER AND POLLUTION MONITORING INSTRUMENTS Part A 1. Define Thermal Conductivity of a gas? 2. Why thermistors are used in thermal conductivity analyzer as a heat sensing elements?. 3. What are the applications of thermal conductivity gas analyzer? 4. How is nitrogen-di-oxide prepared by chemiluminescence? 5. What are the advantages of Hydrogen Sulfide analyzer?. 6. What is the use of gold films in H 2 S analyzer? 7. Where are the electrochemical sensors used? 8. What is the principle of H2S analyzer? 9. What is the principle of CO analyzer? 10. What is the use of protective filter in Industrial analyzer? 11. What is the use of stream drying equipment? 12. What is the need of bypass pumping devices? 13. What are the applications of oxygen analyzer? 14. What are the sources of error in oxygen analyzer?. 15. What is the principle of thermal conductivity analyzer?.16. Explain the different analysis methods of Nitrogen Oxide? 17. What are the applications of Electrochemical and Infrared sensors? 18. Explain the detection methods of Carbon Monoxide Analyzer? 19. What is necessity of converting nitric oxide to nitrogen-di-oxide? 20. Explain the calibration methods used in NO2 analyzer? Unit-III Part B 1. With a neat sketch, explain the construction and working principle of parametric oxygen analyzer. (May 2013)

4 2. With a block diagram, explain the method of measuring carbon monoxide using Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer. (Nov 2013) Explain how the NO 2 analyzer is used. (May 2013) Explain how the H 2 S analyzer is used. 5. Explain how the dust and smoke analyzer is used. (May 2013) 6. Explain how the IR analyzer is used. 7. With a suitable diagram explain the construction and working principle of thermal conductivity analyzer. (Nov 2013) 8. What are the sources of air pollution and explain in detail? 9. What are the type s gas analyzers? Explain anyone with example. 10. Discuss the method of analysis based on ionization of gases. UNIT IV ph METER AND DISSOLVED COMPONENT ANALYZER Part A 1. What are the three types of membrane sensor? 2. How measurements are done in ion selective electrodes? 3. Define conductivity of electrolyte. 4. Give the methods of measuring conductance?. 5. Why temperature compensation necessary in conductivity measurement? 6. Give the methods of measurements of Oxygen? 7. Give the working principle of electrical conductivity meter? 8. Give the application of Silica analyzer? 9. What are the two measurements made in Silica analyzer? 10. What is chemical blank measurement? 11. What is the use of blank in silica analyzer? 12. Give the application of Sodium analyzer? 13. Why ammonia gas is added to the sample in Sodium analyzer? 14. How PH of a solution is measured & gives the Nernst equation? 15. Give the different types of electrodes used for PH measurements? 16. Give the characteristics of glass electrode? 17. Give the design criteria of PH meter? 18. Give the general classification of PH cell? 19. Define humidity &Dew point? 20. How humidity or moisture is measured &give the types of it? PART-B 1. Describe how a conductivity cell is used. Give the applications of conductivity measurement of a liquid. Explain how the oxygen analyzer is used. 2. Describe the construction of a ph electrode. Draw the electronic circuit diagram for measuring ph of a liquid and explain its working.

5 3. Discuss how ph values are measured. Explain the role of calomel electrodes in this measurement. 4. Briefly explain about dissolved oxygen analyzer. 5. Discuss in detail the principle, characteristics of electrodes used in ph meters. 6. Explain about sodium analyzer in detail. 7. Explain different types of ion selective electrodes. 8. Describe a method of measuring dissolved oxygen content in the boiler feed water. Why dissolved oxygen content is monitored in feed water? Also specify the cause of dissolved oxygen content in feed water. 9. Explain the working principles of biosensors with a conceptual diagram. Also specify the various parameters to be measured using Biosensor. 10 Briefly explain about dissolved oxygen analyzer. UNIT V ELECTRO MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 1. Define state of resonance. PART-A 2. Define Chemical shift. 3. Brief the principle of scanning electron microscope. 4. Write down the principle of Mass Spectrometry. 5. What is Nuclear magnetic resonance? 6. Write the principle of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrometer. 7. What are the types of NMR spectrometer. 8. What are the different types of mass spectrometer? 9. Give some applications of NMR spectroscopy. 10. What is Spin-Spin coupling? 11. What are the different types of mass spectrometer? 12. Write the components of electron spectroscopy. 13. What are the types of detectors in mass spectrometer? 14. What are the different components of a mass spectrometer? 15. Define time of flight. 16. Define mass spectrum. 17. What are the factors that influence chemical shift? 18. Write the components of electron spectroscopy. 19. What is the advantage of ESR Spectroscopy? 20. Write the limitation of NMR spectroscopy. PART-B

6 1. Draw the block diagram of an NMR spectrometer. Explain the function of each part and explain how it is used to obtain NMR spectra. How are these spectra useful? (May 2013) 2. What are Mass spectrometers? Describe magnetic deflection mass spectrometers. (May 2013) 3. Explain time of flight and quadrupole mass spectrometers. 4. Describe the working of double beam mass spectrometer and give its applications. 5. Explain the instrumentation and applications of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). 6. Describe how various samples are analyzed using NMR spectrometer with neat diagram. 7. Explain the construction and working principle of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrometer with neat diagram. 8. Explain the construction and working of Radio frequency spectrometer with neat diagram. 9. Explain the various components of a mass spectrometer. 10. Explain in detail the construction and working principle of single focusing mass spectrophotometers. (Nov 2013) 11. In NMR spectroscopy mention the advantages of using a magnet with as great a field strength as possible. Also explain the difference between a continuous wave and fourier transform NMR. 12. With neat sketch explain the construction and working principle of mass spectrometer. 13. What are the basic components of electron Spectroscopy? Also explain the working principle of Electron spectroscopy with a neat block diagram. (Nov 2013)